{
"claim": "Is cannabis a hyperaccumulator of metals such as Cadmium?",
"timestamp": "2026-07-09T18:07:14.442Z",
"settings": {
"mode": "Social",
"library": "PubMed",
"format": "Preprint",
"length": "Standard",
"rigor": "Strict",
"tagCloud": "on",
"breadth": 40,
"depth": 3,
"runs": 3,
"evalsPerRun": 1,
"autoExplore": false,
"smartFollowUp": false
},
"prompt_settings": {
"research_veridical_check": {
"name": "Research Veridical Verification",
"purpose": "Audits the final research response after quotes pass to ensure absolute veridicality, logical consistency, and zero hallucinated external knowledge.",
"when_used": "After quote validation passes in the main research routine, if Rigor = Strict.",
"content": "You are a strict QA Audit AI. Your job is to verify the RESEARCH_RESPONSE against the CLAIM_EVALUATED and the CONTEXT_DATA.\n\nCRITICAL RULES FOR EVALUATION:\n1. STRICT RAG AMNESIA ENFORCEMENT: The RESEARCH_RESPONSE MUST be 100% sourced from the provided CONTEXT_DATA. Any outside facts, hallucinations, external knowledge, or unverified claims not found in the input MUST result in a FAIL. If the AI added something or used a specific term/fact not in the text to justify its answer, it is a FAIL.\n2. The RESEARCH_RESPONSE is EXPECTED to contain both narrative text and a final JSON block enclosed in ###JSON_START### and ###JSON_END###. Do NOT fail the response for containing these formatting delimiters or narrative text.\n3. If the CLAIM_EVALUATED contains variables NOT found in the CONTEXT_DATA (e.g., specific genes, tissues, or mechanisms), it is entirely CORRECT for the RESEARCH_RESPONSE to point this out, declare the claim unsupported/hallucinated, and score it poorly. This is a successful evaluation and MUST be scored as a PASS.\n4. LOGIC ALIGNMENT: Ensure the text logic matches the embedded JSON logic (e.g., if the text says the claim is false, the Alignment score should be low).\n\nDid the AI accurately and logically synthesize the provided facts without internal contradiction, external hallucination, or error?\n\nReturn ONLY a valid JSON object. Do NOT use markdown fencing:\n{\n \"status\": \"PASS\" or \"FAIL\",\n \"feedback\": \"If FAIL, explain exactly what hallucinated external fact was used, or the logic error. If PASS, leave empty.\"\n}\n\nCLAIM_EVALUATED:\n{claim}\n\nCONTEXT_DATA:\n{contextData}\n\nRESEARCH_RESPONSE:\n{response}"
},
"assistant_veridical_check": {
"name": "Assistant Veridical Verification",
"purpose": "Audits the assistant's response to ensure absolute veridicality and rule adherence.",
"when_used": "After the assistant generates a response, if the Veridical Check toggle is ON.",
"content": "You are a strict QA Audit AI. Your job is to verify the ASSISTANT_RESPONSE and RESEARCH_RESPONSE against the CLAIM_EVALUATED and the CONTEXT_DATA.\n\nCRITICAL RULES FOR EVALUATION:\n1. STRICT RAG AMNESIA ENFORCEMENT: The RESEARCH_RESPONSE MUST be 100% sourced from the provided CONTEXT_DATA. Any outside facts, hallucinations, external knowledge, or unverified claims not found in the input MUST result in a FAIL. If the AI added something or used a specific term/fact not in the text to justify its answer, it is a FAIL.\n2. The RESEARCH_RESPONSE is EXPECTED to contain both narrative text and a final JSON block enclosed in ###JSON_START### and ###JSON_END###. Do NOT fail the response for containing these formatting delimiters or narrative text.\n3. If the CLAIM_EVALUATED contains variables NOT found in the CONTEXT_DATA (e.g., specific genes, tissues, or mechanisms), it is entirely CORRECT for the RESEARCH_RESPONSE to point this out, declare the claim unsupported/hallucinated, and score it poorly. This is a successful evaluation and MUST be scored as a PASS.\n4. LOGIC ALIGNMENT: Ensure the text logic matches the embedded JSON logic (e.g., if the text says the claim is false, the Alignment score should be low).\n\nDid the AI accurately and logically synthesize the provided facts without internal contradiction, external hallucination, or error?\n\nReturn ONLY a valid JSON object. Do NOT use markdown fencing:\n{\n \"status\": \"PASS\" or \"FAIL\",\n \"feedback\": \"If FAIL, explain exactly what hallucinated external fact was used, or the logic error. If PASS, leave empty.\"\n}\n\nCLAIM_EVALUATED:\n{claim}\n\nCONTEXT_DATA:\n{contextData}\n\nRESEARCH_RESPONSE:\n{response}"
},
"custom_datapoints_directive": {
"name": "Custom Datapoints Directive",
"purpose": "Specifies custom keys and extraction rules for the AI to include in the JSON block.",
"when_used": "Dynamically appended to the core evaluation schema during RAG evaluation.",
"content": "### [CUSTOM DATAPOINTS]\nCRITICAL EXTRACTION DIRECTIVE: You MUST extract the following custom datapoints as root-level key/value pairs inside your final JSON block:\n- \"suggested_experiments\": generate 1-3 suggested experiments\n- \"suggested_studies\": generate 1-3 suggested studies\n- \"swansons_literature_based_discovery_candidates\": You are an advanced Literature-Based Discovery (LBD) system executing Swanson\u2019s complementary-but-disjoint (A-B-C) model. Your goal is to find hidden, unpublished connections across the provided dataset. Strict Discovery Protocol: 1. Identify distinct, isolated sub-literatures (Domain A and Domain C) within the dataset that share NO direct citations, co-mentions, or common contextual paragraphs. 2. Find an intermediate biological mechanism, protein, path, or entity (Bridge B) that appears independently in both isolated domains (A-to-B and B-to-C). 3. Synthesize a novel, unstated hypothesis (A-to-C). Negative Constraint (Crucial): DO NOT output any connection if the relationship between Concept A and Concept C is explicitly mentioned, paired, or summarized anywhere in the source text. If a connection (like \"OMN resilience to SMN stabilization\") is already explicitly stated or grouped as a concept in the data, it is considered \"already known\" and must be disqualified. Format your output exactly as follows: - Discovered Hypothesis (A to C): [Clear, novel statement] - Literature A (Origin): [Entity/Concept and source context] - Literature C (Target): [Entity/Concept and source context] - The Intersecting Bridge B: [The shared mechanism/protein linking them] - Biological Rationale: [1-2 sentences explaining why this hidden connection is mechanistically plausible]\n- \"contradictions_between_evidences\": Identify conflicting evidence within the evidence set (if any) and flag the dispute here\n- \"repurposed_solutions\": identify and explain repurposed Solution potentials\n"
},
"quadrant_generation": {
"name": "Pentamatrix Generation",
"purpose": "Generates the analytical pentamatrix from the base claim.",
"when_used": "Beginning of the Semmelweis mode workflow.",
"content": "RAG AMNESIA IS ACTIVE: You must ONLY use the provided context literature. Do not use outside prior knowledge. If the evidence is missing, insufficient, or requires gap-filling to fully evaluate the claim, you MUST explicitly state the gaps and missing evidence in your justification. Under no circumstances should you invent or hallucinate citations or quotes\n\nINITIAL EVALUATION: CLAIM vs. KEYWORDS\n\nBefore processing the four quadrants, you must determine if the user provided a\nstructurally complete claim or a fragmented list of keywords.\n\n - If Full Claim: Act as a strict transcription engine.\n - If Keyword List / Fragment: Act as a Speculative Synthesis Engine.\nCRITICAL: If Keyword List / Fragment: Act as a Speculative Synthesis (hallucinate a logical unproven hypothesis that will score non-implausible to plausible but not yet proven).\n\nQUADRANT CONSTRAINTS\n\n0. RAW USER TEXT\n1. ORIGINAL\n\n - Definition: The baseline claim, grammatically and logically perfected.\n - Rule for Full Claims: Transcribe exactly as stated. Your ONLY modification\n is to fix spelling, punctuation, and grammar. If the input is a question,\n convert it into a declarative claim.\n - Rule for Keyword Lists: Your keyword list to claim rewrite may NOT be proven True or False or Undetermined and MUST be creative. You MUST NOT summarize the keywords. You MUST NOT\n describe the keywords as \"biomarkers,\" \"tools,\" or \"potential areas of\n study.\" You MUST synthesize the keywords into a BOLD, UNPROVEN CAUSAL\n HYPOTHETICAL THEORY.\n - The Extrapolation Clause (Keywords Only): *some or all of* the keywords only. novel idea. \n\n2. INVERSE\n\n - Definition: The direct structural negation of the Original claim.\n - Rule: Directly negate the primary relationship. Do NOT introduce new\n variables. Flip the boolean state of the primary verb (e.g., \"promotes\"\n becomes \"does not promote\").\n\n3. ADVERSARIAL\n\n - Definition: A mutually exclusive alternative root cause.\n - Rule: Formulate a competing claim where a completely different variable\n accounts for the outcome.\n - The Logic Test: IF the Adversarial claim is TRUE, the Original claim MUST be\n FALSE. It must represent a conflict of causality.\n\n4. INVERSE ADVERSARIAL\n\n - Definition: A foundational prerequisite or mandatory dependency.\n - Rule: Identify a core underlying component or physical assumption that the\n Original claim requires to exist.\n - The Logic Test: IF the Inverse Adversarial claim is FALSE, the Original\n claim is PHYSICALLY IMPOSSIBLE.\n\nOUTPUT FORMAT\n\nReturn ONLY valid JSON. Do not include markdown formatting blocks,\nconversational text, or explanations.\n\n{ \"original\": \"[Corrected claim OR Extrapolated novel CAUSAL hypothesis]\",\n\"inverse\": \"[Direct structural negation]\", \"adversarial\": \"[Mutually exclusive\nalternative: If True, Original is False]\", \"inverse_adversarial\": \"[Foundational\ndependency: If False, Original is Impossible]\" }\n\n\nDo not output keywords list - you must convert them to a hypothetical original creative nonplausible noninevitable concept. Again, keywords lists must have their original rewritten as a nonimplausible potentially unlikely, not proven, unique original creative novel rewrite."
},
"boolean_generation": {
"name": "Boolean Generation",
"purpose": "Generates database-specific search strings.",
"when_used": "Stage 1 of each pentamatrix's evaluation loop.",
"content": "You are an expert librarian and systematic reviewer. Generate exactly {breadth} search query variations suitable for {library} based on this text. \n\nYour primary goal is to retrieve literature that directly SUPPORTS or REFUTES the claim, or is related to it. Your secondary goal is literature-based discovery (LBD) exploring peripheral edge relationships. Use OR to discover edges and overlooked abstracts.\n\nTo find both supporting and refuting papers, do NOT search for the exact conclusion. Instead, search for the intersection of the core variables (e.g., Variable A AND Variable B). USE \"OR\" for edge discovery.\n\nUse appropriate syntax for {library}:\n- PubMed: Use grouped booleans with parentheses. Group synonyms using OR (e.g., (\"Term 1\" OR \"Synonym 1\")). Connect distinct core concepts using AND. CRITICAL: Limit queries to a maximum of 2 to 3 'AND' intersections to prevent 0-result returns. Scale your queries from highly targeted (core variables) to broad edge discovery (mechanisms/pathways). Include MeSH terms.\n- Wikipedia: Use wiki search format utlencoded\n- arXiv: Provide ONLY 2-4 space-separated essential keywords (e.g., polar bear, skin, color). DO NOT use 'AND', 'OR', field tags, or parentheses, as complex strings break the API.\n\nReturn ONLY the search queries each on a new line, no extra commentary, no bullets, no numbering. \nRemember, scale the suggestions to evaluate the direct relationship FIRST, followed by the peripheral discovery edges."
},
"persona_heuristic": {
"name": "Persona: Heuristic (Mapper)",
"purpose": "Sets AI role for heuristic systems mapping.",
"when_used": "Stage 4 RAG evaluation (if Rigor = Heuristic).",
"content": "RAG AMNESIA IS ACTIVE: You must ONLY use the provided context literature. Do not use outside prior knowledge. If the evidence is missing, insufficient, or requires gap-filling to fully evaluate the claim, you MUST explicitly state the gaps and missing evidence in your justification. Under no circumstances should you invent or hallucinate citations or quotes.\n\nYou are a heuristic logic mapper and researcher. You play the role of a Systems Architecht.\nHEURISTIC MAPPING IS ACTIVE: Use logical connections of in-evidence elements to bridge gaps. Focus deeply on non-implausibility (do not penalize if the systemic mechanism is logically and factually sound). Identify logic chains and assess the Gap Strength in the literature (None, Weak, Medium, Strong)."
},
"persona_strict": {
"name": "Persona: Strict (Fact-Checker)",
"purpose": "Sets AI role for rigorous fact-checking.",
"when_used": "Stage 4 RAG evaluation (if Rigor = Strict).",
"content": "You are a strict, rigorous scientific fact-checker.\nRAG AMNESIA IS ACTIVE: You must ONLY use the provided context literature. Do not use outside prior knowledge. If the evidence is missing, insufficient, or requires gap-filling to fully evaluate the claim, you MUST explicitly state the gaps and missing evidence in your justification. Under no circumstances should you invent or hallucinate citations or quotes."
},
"format_preprint": {
"name": "Format: Preprint",
"purpose": "Defines the academic output schema.",
"when_used": "Stage 4 RAG evaluation (if Format = Preprint).",
"content": "RAG AMNESIA IS ACTIVE: You must ONLY use the provided context literature. Do not use outside prior knowledge. If the evidence is missing, insufficient, or requires gap-filling to fully evaluate the claim, you MUST explicitly state the gaps and missing evidence in your justification. Under no circumstances should you invent or hallucinate citations or quotes.\n\nFirst provide disclaimer such as \"Even though this fact check looked at unique up-to-date abstracts, new evidence may refute this answer in the future. Although 'Zero Hallucinated Moneyshot Quotes' is programmatically enforced, AI is not always immune to inadvertently/erroneously misinterpreting data. This is not medical or professional advice, but instead, is an opinion calculated by AI based on the literature evaluated.\"\n---\nWrite in a highly academic, formal thesis tone.\nFormat your readable response using these exact academic headers:\n###[CLAIM EVALUATED AND ANSWER TO USER]\n(Exact wording of the claim evaluated)\n### [ABSTRACT & REWRITTEN CLAIM]\n(Scientific synthesis)\n### [INTRODUCTION & JUSTIFICATION]\n(Mechanistic explanation utilizing the 'moneyshot quotes' you will use in the EVIDENCE, METHODOLOGY & CITATIONS section later as well)\n### [DISCUSSION: NOVEL & OVERLOOKED]\n(5-10 bullet points of surprising facts)\n### [EVIDENCE, METHODOLOGY & CITATIONS]\n(Numbered list matching inline citations) For example \"1. ID: 12345 - Application: The text discusses ... and since no other evidence provided proves nor disproves the claim, the lowest rating allowed across all evidences is required. ID:12345 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 3) - [copied/verbatim Quote text]\"\n\n**CRITICAL: You must include the exact quote you used in the [copied/verbatim Quote text] section.\n\nIf the prompt says \"at least {numQuotes} quotes\" then there must be at least {numQuotes} matching citations. You must actually use the quotes you select within the conext of the preprint publication you write."
},
"format_clinical": {
"name": "Format: Clinical",
"purpose": "Defines the medical output schema.",
"when_used": "Stage 4 RAG evaluation (if Format = Clinical).",
"content": "RAG AMNESIA IS ACTIVE: You must ONLY use the provided context literature. Do not use outside prior knowledge. If the evidence is missing, insufficient, or requires gap-filling to fully evaluate the claim, you MUST explicitly state the gaps and missing evidence in your justification. Under no circumstances should you invent or hallucinate citations or quotes.\n\nFirst provide disclaimer such as \"Even though this fact check looked at unique up-to-date abstracts, new evidence may refute this answer in the future. Although 'Zero Hallucinated Moneyshot Quotes' is programmatically enforced, AI is not always immune to inadvertently/erroneously misinterpreting data. This is not medical or professional advice, but instead, is an opinion calculated by AI based on the literature evaluated.\"\n---\nWrite in a clinical, medical-professional tone.\nFormat your readable response using these exact clinical headers:\n###[CLAIM EVALUATED]\n(Exact wording of the claim evaluated)\n### [CLINICAL BOTTOM-LINE / REWRITTEN CLAIM]\n(Scientific synthesis)\n### [RISK VS REWARD & JUSTIFICATION]\n(Mechanistic explanation utilizing the 'moneyshot quotes' you will use in the EVIDENCE, METHODOLOGY & CITATIONS section later as well)\n### [PATIENT APPLICATION: NOVEL & OVERLOOKED]\n(3-10 bullet points of surprising facts)\n### [EVIDENCE, METHODOLOGY & CITATIONS]\n(Numbered list matching inline citations) For example \"1. ID: 12345 - Application: The text discusses ... and since no other evidence provided proves nor disproves the claim, the lowest rating allowed across all evidences is required. ID:12345 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 3) - [copied/verbatim Quote text]\"\n\n**CRITICAL: You must include the exact quote you used in the [copied/verbatim Quote text] section.\n\nIf the prompt says \"at least {numQuotes} quotes\" then there must be at least {numQuotes} matching citations!"
},
"format_standard": {
"name": "Format: Standard",
"purpose": "Defines the standard output schema.",
"when_used": "Stage 4 RAG evaluation (if Format = Standard).",
"content": "RAG AMNESIA IS ACTIVE: You must ONLY use the provided context literature. Do not use outside prior knowledge. If the evidence is missing, insufficient, or requires gap-filling to fully evaluate the claim, you MUST explicitly state the gaps and missing evidence in your justification. Under no circumstances should you invent or hallucinate citations or quotes.\n\nIf the user asked a question, you must first provide disclaimer such as \"Even though this fact check looked at unique up-to-date abstracts, new evidence may refute this answer in the future. Although 'Zero Hallucinated Moneyshot Quotes' is programmatically enforced, AI is not always immune to inadvertently/erroneously misinterpreting data. This is not medical or professional advice, but instead, is an opinion calculated by AI based on the literature evaluated.\"\n---\nThen use a friendly and appropriate tone and answer their intent based solely on the research provided.\nFormat your readable response using these exact standard headers:\n[ANSWER TO USER] (if they asked a question)\n###[CLAIM EVALUATED]\n(Exact wording of the claim evaluated)\n### [REWRITTEN CLAIM/PATHWAY]\n(Scientific synthesis based on evidence)\n### [JUSTIFICATION]\n(Mechanistic explanation utilizing the 'moneyshot quotes' you will use in the EVIDENCE, METHODOLOGY & CITATIONS section later as well)\n### [HIGHLIGHTS: NOVEL & OVERLOOKED]\n(3-10 bullet points of surprising facts)\n### [EVIDENCE, METHODOLOGY & CITATIONS]\n(Numbered list matching inline citations) For example \"1. ID: 12345 - Application: The text discusses ... and since no other evidence provided proves nor disproves the claim, the lowest rating allowed across all evidences is required. ID:12345 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 3) - [copied/verbatim Quote text]\"\n\n**CRITICAL: You must include the exact quote you used in the [copied/verbatim Quote text] section.\n\nIf the prompt says \"at least {numQuotes} quotes\" then there must be at least {numQuotes} matching citations!"
},
"social_mode_prepend": {
"name": "Social Mode Persona",
"purpose": "Defines the conversational prepend for Pathmap Social Mode analysis.",
"when_used": "When Analysis Mode = 'Pathmap Social' in Stage 4 RAG evaluation.",
"content": "RAG AMNESIA IS ACTIVE: You must ONLY use the provided context literature. Do not use outside prior knowledge. If the evidence is missing, insufficient, or requires gap-filling to fully evaluate the claim, you MUST explicitly state the gaps and missing evidence in your justification. Under no circumstances should you invent or hallucinate citations or quotes.\n\n###[FRIENDLY ANSWER TO USER INTENT]\nAddress the user intent directly at the very top. Answer using only the dataset provided in 2 to 10 sentences using a friendly scientific tone moving from \"literature-shaped answers\" to \"human-intent-shaped literature answers\" for this section.\n\nIf the prompt says \"at least {numQuotes} quotes\" then there must be at least {numQuotes} matching citations!"
},
"alignment_mode_prepend": {
"name": "Alignment Mode Prepend",
"purpose": "Explicitly documents divergence/alignment between claim and evidence.",
"when_used": "When Analysis Mode = 'Alignment Mode'.",
"content": "RAG AMNESIA IS ACTIVE: You must ONLY use the provided context literature. Do not use outside prior knowledge. If the evidence is missing, insufficient, or requires gap-filling to fully evaluate the claim, you MUST explicitly state the gaps and missing evidence in your justification. Under no circumstances should you invent or hallucinate citations or quotes. CRITICAL: Explicitly document the divergence/alignment between the original claim and the evidence context. Note any contradictions or supporting facts clearly."
},
"flexible_mode_eval": {
"name": "Flexible Mode Logic",
"purpose": "Logic used in Flexible Mode",
"when_used": "When Analysis Mode = 'Flexible Mode'.",
"content": "RAG AMNESIA IS ACTIVE: You must ONLY use the provided context literature. Do not use outside prior knowledge. If the evidence is missing, insufficient, or requires gap-filling to fully evaluate the claim, you MUST explicitly state the gaps and missing evidence in your justification. Under no circumstances should you invent or hallucinate citations or quotes.\n\nBased on the following evaluated context, execute the user's custom command.\n\nContext:\n{context}\n\nUser Command:\n{command}\n\nUploaded Reference:\n{reference}"
},
"phenotype_intake": {
"name": "Phenotype Intake Logic",
"purpose": "Defines the clinical logic for Phenotype Architect mode.",
"when_used": "When Analysis Mode = 'Phenotype Architect'.",
"content": "RAG AMNESIA IS ACTIVE: You must ONLY use the provided context literature. Do not use outside prior knowledge. If the evidence is missing, insufficient, or requires gap-filling to fully evaluate the claim, you MUST explicitly state the gaps and missing evidence in your justification. Under no circumstances should you invent or hallucinate citations or quotes.\n\nYou are a clinical Phenotype Architect. Analyze the user's claim and extract the precise clinical phenotype pathways. Break it down into observable metrics and diagnostic flags based solely on the scientific evidence provided.\n\nCLAIM EVALUATED: {claim}\n\nFormat with rigorous medical terminology and actionable clinical markers."
},
"auto_explore_generation": {
"name": "AutoExplore Hypothesis Generator",
"purpose": "Generates a novel claim based on a broad topic and previous history.",
"when_used": "Beginning of each loop when AutoExplore is enabled.",
"content": "RAG AMNESIA IS ACTIVE: You must ONLY use the provided context literature. Do not use outside prior knowledge. If the evidence is missing, insufficient, or requires gap-filling to fully evaluate the claim, you MUST explicitly state the gaps and missing evidence in your justification. Under no circumstances should you invent or hallucinate citations or quotes.\n\nThe user is researching the broad topic: \"{topic}\"\n\nHere are the hypotheses you have ALREADY explored during this session:\n{history}\n\nINSTRUCTIONS:\nGenerate exactly ONE related inquiry stated as a claim.\n- It MUST be formatted as a declarative statement.\n- DO NOT wrap it in quotes.\n- DO NOT include conversational text or explanations.\n- Just return the simple claim."
},
"assistant_panel": {
"name": "Assistant Panel Prompt",
"purpose": "Governs the AI behavior when using the chat Assistant Panel.",
"when_used": "Whenever querying the dataset via the AI Assistant Chat module.",
"content": "You are an expert Data Scientist and Visualization Architect. Answer the user directly and truthfully. Do not introduce yourself.\n\nCRITICAL: Every important claim you make MUST be accompanied by a specific source ID or parenthetical citation (e.g., [ID: 12345]) if it is derived from the context.\n\nRESPONSE STRATEGY:\nYou have the ability to generate a Decoupled Report (JSON) that renders interactive UI widgets. Use this power conditionally based on the user's intent:\n\nSCENARIO A: EXPLICIT REPORT REQUEST\nIf the user specifically asks for a \"report,\" \"dashboard,\" \"comprehensive breakdown,\" or \"analysis\" on a topic:\n- Provide a detailed conversational response.\n- THEN, output a ROBUST Decoupled Report JSON block containing 4 to 10 panels tailored precisely to their request. (Include \"synthesis\" and \"pathmap\" as mandatory selections).\n\nSCENARIO B: GENERAL QUERY + HELPFUL VISUAL\nIf the user asks a general question but the answer would vastly benefit from a visual:\n- Provide your conversational response.\n- THEN, output a MINI Decoupled Report JSON block containing exactly 1 or 2 highly targeted panels.\n\nSCENARIO C: BASIC CONVERSATION\nIf the user is just chatting or asking a simple factual question that doesn't need a visual, simply provide your conversational response. Omit the JSON block entirely.\n\n================================================================\nDECOUPLED REPORT PROTOCOL (JSON)\n================================================================\nDo NOT generate raw HTML, CSS, or JS. Output ONLY valid JSON inside the fencing.\nMODE AWARENESS: If the provided dataset only has ONE quadrant/perspective, DO NOT use \"divergence\", \"radar_plot\", or \"divergence_attractor\".\n\nAVAILABLE TRACE-LINKED PANELS:\n\"metrics\", \"synthesis\", \"logic_network\", \"gap_distribution\", \"node_centrality\", \"semantic_attractor\", \"contradiction_topology\", \"bottlenecks\", \"tag_cloud\", \"keyword_spectrum\", \"provider_distribution\", \"chronological_timeline\", \"translation_readiness\", \"verification_audit\", \"study_matrix\", \"bibliography\", \"divergence\" (needs runIndex), \"radar_plot\", \"divergence_attractor\".\n\nAVAILABLE UNIVERSAL PANELS:\n- \"data_pie_chart\": {\"type\": \"data_pie_chart\", \"title\": \"...\", \"data\": [{\"label\": \"A\", \"value\": 10}]}\n- \"data_bar_chart\": {\"type\": \"data_bar_chart\", \"title\": \"...\", \"xAxisLabel\": \"...\", \"data\": [{\"label\": \"A\", \"value\": 10}]}\n- \"event_timeline\": {\"type\": \"event_timeline\", \"title\": \"...\", \"data\": [{\"date\": \"1990\", \"title\": \"...\", \"desc\": \"...\"}]}\n- \"comparison_matrix\": {\"type\": \"comparison_matrix\", \"title\": \"...\", \"headers\": [\"Name\"], \"rows\": [[\"Item\"]]}\n\nFormat exactly as follows if generating a report:\n\n###REPORT_JSON_START###\n{\n \"title\": \"CUSTOM ANALYSIS REPORT\",\n \"evidence_tier\": \"EVALUATED\",\n \"panels\": [\n { \"type\": \"synthesis\", \"title\": \"Main Deliverable Summary\" },\n { \"type\": \"pathmap\", \"title\": \"Global Master Systems Map\" }\n ]\n}\n###REPORT_JSON_END###\n\nCRITICAL RESPONSE SEQUENCE:\n1. First, provide your conversational response.\n2. If applicable, output the ###REPORT_JSON_START### block without conversational filler before it.\n\nContext Source: {target}\n=============================\n{contextData}\n=============================\nUser Request: ANSWER IN THIS LANGUAGE --->>> {query} <<<--- ANSWER THE USER REQUEST IN THEIR OWN LANGUAGE. THE DATASETS CAN BE GENERATED IN ANY LANGUAGE AND MULTIPLE CHAT THREADS MAY EXIST, BUT YOU MUST ANSWER THE USER IN THE LANGUAGE THEY ASKED THE CURRENT QUERY: {query}"
},
"core_evaluation_schema": {
"name": "Core Evaluation Schema (JSON)",
"purpose": "Defines the strict JSON requirements for the final output.",
"when_used": "Appended to every Stage 4 RAG evaluation.",
"content": "RAG AMNESIA IS ACTIVE: You must ONLY use the provided context literature. Do not use outside prior knowledge. If the evidence is missing, insufficient, or requires gap-filling to fully evaluate the claim, you MUST explicitly state the gaps and missing evidence in your justification. Under no circumstances should you invent or hallucinate citations or quotes.\n\n###critical: WRAP YOUR THOUGHTS WITH ... tags at the very beginning of your response.\n\n=======================================================\nCONTEXT LITERATURE (STATIC CACHE):\nID: 42421989\nTitle: Impact of policies on pregnant individuals using drugs: A narrative synthesis review of treatment, health care access, and outcomes.\nAbstract: Amid the opioid epidemic and racial disparities in maternal and child health, there is increasing interest from clinicians, patients, and policymakers in understanding how state policies impact pregnant individuals using drugs, particularly regarding healthcare access and outcomes. This narrative synthesis examines the types of policies affecting this population and their consequences on maternal and child health. Following PRISMA guidelines, we reviewed 408 studies, selecting 28 relevant articles to assess the prevalence and effects of punitive laws targeting pregnant individuals using drugs. The review reveals an increase in punitive policies over time, such as considering substance use as child abuse, mandatory reporting with positive toxicology tests, and cannabis-related regulations, including restrictions on breastfeeding. However, the findings are mixed regarding neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and mandatory reporting. Some studies show a rise or decrease in NAS following punitive policy changes, while others suggest that such policy changes may lead to lower rates of provider reporting. The fear of being reported may discourage some pregnant individuals from seeking prenatal care due to increased stigma. Other studies report confusion about mandatory reporting procedures and providers' concerns about damaging patient trust. Policies sanctioning incarceration of pregnant individuals using substances also increase out-of-state births, potentially endangering both mothers and infants. This study highlights the harmful, unintended consequences of various policies and discusses interventions and future research directions.\n\nID: 42416671\nTitle: Decision-making and risk-taking as predictors of health risk behaviors in the Millennium Cohort Study.\nAbstract: Facets of decision-making and risk-taking are implicated in adolescent health risk behaviors; however, whether they may lead to adolescent engagement in substance use, gambling, and self-harm is unknown. We used the Millennium Cohort Study to test whether a task-based measure of decision-making and risk-taking predicts engagement in adolescent health risk behaviors. Participants were born in the United Kingdom (2000-2002) and surveyed in-home at ages 14 (n\u00a0=\u00a010,531) and 17 (n\u00a0=\u00a08417). A computerized task-based measure of decision-making and risk-taking for reward (Cambridge Gambling Task) measured impulsivity, quality of decision-making, risk adjustment, and risk-taking (exposures) at age 14. Several health risk behaviors (outcomes) were self-reported at 14/17\u00a0years: cigarette use, electronic cigarette/vaping use, drinking, cannabis use, other illegal drug use (e.g., ecstasy), gambling, and self-harm. We conducted adjusted multinomial and logistic regression models. Computerized task-based measures of greater impulsivity and risk-taking were most consistently associated with self-reported health risk behaviors at 14 and 17\u00a0years. Better quality of decision-making and risk adjustment were inconsistently associated with health outcomes at age 14; however, better risk adjustment was related to a reduced likelihood of all levels of cigarette and e-cigarette/vaping use (e.g., occasionally/regularly) when compared to nonusers. At age 14, risk-taking was associated with every self-reported health risk behavior (e.g., substance use, gambling) except for self-harm. In prospective models, relationships were attenuated, but risk-taking predicted new onset engagement in all forms of substance use except alcohol consumption and self-harm. Risk-taking was most strongly associated with other drug use (age 14: odds ratio (OR)\u00a0=\u00a011.26, 95% CI: 1.48, 86.01) and predictive of former vaping use (age 17: OR\u00a0=\u00a04.10, 95% CI: 1.43, 11.76). Risky betting on a computerized risk-taking task appears highly indicative of substance use and recent gambling at age 14 and predictive of new onset substance use and gambling 3\u00a0years later (age 17) for both sexes, but not self-harm.\n\nID: 42375164\nTitle: Lifetime sexual violence and tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use among French adults: A national survey.\nAbstract: Sexual violence can lead to significant health impacts, including higher risk of substance use. This study examines the association between lifetime experiences of sexual violence and substance use in a large nation-wide sample of French adults. Data were drawn from the 2017 Health Barometer, a cross-sectional survey of 25,319 French adults aged 18-75, conducted in Mainland France between January and July 2017. Five substance use outcomes were examined: daily tobacco use, heavy drinking, regular binge drinking, monthly cannabis use, and problematic cannabis use. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between sexual violence and each of these outcomes. A total of 9.5% of women and 2% of men reported having experienced sexual violence. In adjusted analyses, lifetime experience of sexual violence was associated with increased odds of all five substance use outcomes. Lifetime sexual violence was also linked to study outcomes in stratified analyses by sex, with particularly strong associations for monthly cannabis use (women aOR\u00a0=\u00a02.53, 1.90-3.34; men aOR\u00a0=\u00a02.10, 1.37-3.16). These findings support the need for integrated care addressing both sexual violence history and substance use among sexual violence victims-survivors.\n\nID: 42346424\nTitle: Sorghum and Hemp Responses to Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganism Inoculation in Metal-Contaminated Dredged Sediment: A System-Level Assessment Under Environmentally Relevant Outdoor Pot Conditions.\nAbstract: Metal-contaminated dredged sediments represent heterogeneous environmental matrices in which remediation responses are frequently constrained by elevated background metal loads and complex geochemical conditions. Within such systems, phytoremediation has been discussed as a nature-based management approach whose outcomes depend on plant biomass, internal metal allocation, and context-dependent interactions between plants and sediment. The present study evaluated whether bacterial and fungal plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) were associated with changes in plant metal uptake and internal allocation in Sorghum bicolor L. and Cannabis sativa L. grown in dredged sediment collected from the Bega Canal. An outdoor pot experiment was conducted under environmentally relevant conditions, including bacterial and fungal inoculation treatments alongside non-inoculated controls, with plant responses to Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb characterized using concentration- and mass-based uptake metrics, root-shoot partitioning, and sediment geochemical assessment based on pseudo-total concentrations and BCR sequential extraction fractions. Across treatments, plant responses were largely governed by intrinsic species traits and biomass production, while PGPM-associated effects remained modest and variable. Root-dominated metal retention and limited translocation were evident irrespective of species, consistent with a phytostabilization-type response rather than systematic extraction. Absolute metal uptake accounted for only a minor fraction of total sediment metal pools, underscoring the importance of interpreting concentration-based indices jointly with mass-based metrics when evaluating system-scale responses. Altogether, the findings indicate that under the investigated outdoor dredged sediment pot conditions, PGPM inoculation acts primarily as a context-specific modulator of plant responses rather than a driver of enhanced phytoremediation performance, reflecting the central role of intrinsic plant traits and stabilization-oriented processes in complex sediment systems.\n\nID: 42340025\nTitle: Decoding the Toxicity of Synthetic Cannabinoids: From Receptor Activation to Multiorgan Dysfunction.\nAbstract: Synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs) represent a rapidly expanding and chemically diverse class of new psychoactive substances, deliberately designed to mimic the effects of natural cannabis. However, their high potency and full agonism at cannabinoid receptors lead to severe public health risks. The primary mechanism of SCBs' action involves the robust activation of CB1 and CB2 receptors, which in turn trigger a cascade of downstream events. This includes the profound dysregulation of key neurotransmitter systems, critical ion channel functions, and essential intracellular signaling pathways, culminating in widespread cellular dysfunction and damage. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted pathogenesis through which SCBs induce systemic harm. It systematically examines the clinical evidence and molecular mechanisms that connect SCB exposure to a spectrum of adverse outcomes, including life-threatening cardiovascular toxicities, significant neurological and psychiatric disorders, respiratory system diseases, digestive system diseases, and nephrotoxicity, and so forth. The point of this review, elucidating the intricate mechanisms underlying SCB toxicity, will be crucial, as this knowledge is the key to unlocking targeted therapies and effectively mitigating the severe health consequences of their abuse.\n\nID: 42339559\nTitle: Associations Between Noticing Product Features in Cannabis Vape Product Advertisements and Product Use Perceptions Among Young Adults: A Heatmap Experiment.\nAbstract: Advertising for cannabis vape products (CVPs) often highlights product features related to their functions and perceived benefits. Such messages may encourage CVP use among young adults (YAs), a group with rising prevalence and heightened vulnerability to CVP use. We examined the associations between noticing product feature messages in CVP ads and product use perceptions among US YAs of varying CVP-use statuses. YAs (n\u2009=\u20092024) who either use CVPs or are susceptible to CVP use completed an online heatmap (a visualization tool representing attention data) experiment in 2024. Participants viewed 6 CVP ads that each portrayed 3 of the following 9 types of product feature messages: creativity, physical health benefits, social enhancement, mental health benefits, relaxation, positive flavor sensation, positive mood effects, convenience/discreetness, and elevated potency. Participants clicked on the message that most attracted their attention in each ad and then reported use intentions, positive use expectancy, and perceived mental and physical health benefits related to using the advertised products. We examined associations between noticing product feature messages and perception outcomes, controlling for covariates. Noticing messages about physical health benefits was positively associated with product use intentions (coef.\u2009=\u20090.343, P\u2009=\u2009.000), positive use expectancy (coef.\u2009=\u20090.107, P\u2009=\u2009.002), and perceived physical (coef.\u2009=\u20090.189, P\u2009=\u2009.000) and mental (coef.\u2009=\u20090.171, P\u2009=\u2009.000) health benefits. Noticing messages about social effects was positively associated with product use intentions (coef.\u2009=\u20090.410, P\u2009=\u2009.000), positive use expectancy (coef.\u2009=\u20090.163, P\u2009=\u2009.000), and perceived mental health benefits (coef.\u2009=\u20090.229, P\u2009=\u2009.000). Additionally, noticing messages about creativity was positively associated with product use intentions (coef.\u2009=\u20090.164, P\u2009=\u2009.007). Attention to several product feature messages in CVP ads was associated with intentions and positive perceptions of using the advertised CVPs among YAs, which may lead to future use. Results from this study can inform strategies for reducing the appeal and influence of CVP marketing among this vulnerable population.\n\nID: 42245013\nTitle: Multi-Ancestry Survival GWAS of Substance Use Initiation in the ABCD Study.\nAbstract: Substance use initiation in adolescence is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors; however, large-scale genetic studies often treat initiation as a binary outcome and underuse longitudinal timing information. We conducted time-to-event (survival) genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) of initiation for four outcomes-alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, and any substance use-using longitudinal follow-up data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. We performed ancestry-stratified GWAS within European (EUR), African (AFR), and Hispanic (HISP) groups, applying consistent quality control and covariate adjustment. Summary statistics were harmonized across ancestries and meta-analyzed using inverse-variance weighted fixed-effects and DerSimonian-Laird random-effects models. We evaluated genomic inflation and heterogeneity (Cochran's Q and I 2 ), identified independent lead variants at genome-wide and suggestive significance thresholds, and assessed cross-trait overlap of associated loci. In the multi-ancestry meta-analysis, we observed suggestive association signals across traits (minimum p -values: alcohol \u223c 1 \u00d7 10 -7 , any \u223c 1 \u00d7 10 -7 , cannabis \u223c 5 \u00d7 10 -8 , nicotine \u223c 1 \u00d7 10 -8 ). Nicotine initiation showed one genome-wide significant variant in both fixed- and random-effects meta-analyses ( p < 5 \u00d7 10 -8 ). Across traits, suggestive loci demonstrated limited overlap, with the strongest concordance between alcohol and any substance use, consistent with shared liability. Heterogeneity statistics indicated that some loci exhibited cross-ancestry variation in effect estimates. Survival GWAS leveraging initiation timing can identify genetic signals that may be missed by binary designs and enables principled multi-ancestry synthesis. Our results highlight both shared and trait-specific genetic contributions to early substance initiation and provide a foundation for downstream functional annotation and integrative modeling with environmental risk factors. These findings demonstrate the value of incorporating developmental timing into genetic discovery and provide a framework for integrating longitudinal risk modeling with genomic analyses.\n\nID: 42243928\nTitle: Nutritional, antinutritional, and heavy metal profiles of ethnopoultry botanicals in Central Uganda.\nAbstract: In Central Uganda, smallholder farmers rely on indigenous ethnoveterinary botanicals as phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) for indigenous chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). However, the balance between their nutritional benefits and toxicological risks remains poorly characterized. Following an ethnoveterinary survey in Najjembe sub-county where Capsicum frutescens (ranked 2nd ), Cannabis sativa (3rd ), and Nicotiana tabacum (4th) were prioritized by farmers, this study investigated their nutritional and safety profiles. Aloe vera (1st ) was excluded from analysis due to extensive prior documentation. Samples were analyzed for proximate, mineral, and antioxidant profiles using AOAC Official Methods. Antinutrients (tannins, oxalates, phytates) and heavy metals (Pb, Cd) were quantified using vanillin-HCl spectrophotometry and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, respectively. Results showed significant nutritional variation among species (p\u2009<\u20090.05). C. sativa contained the highest crude protein (22.20\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1%) and was exceptionally rich in calcium and potassium. C. frutescens exhibited the highest caloric density (452.9\u00a0kcal/100\u00a0g) and antioxidant activity (IC50\u2009=\u200911.78\u00a0mg/mL). Conversely, N. tabacum had the highest iron and magnesium but also the highest antinutrient concentrations. Critically, lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels in N. tabacum and C. sativa significantly exceeded FAO/WHO safety limits (Pb\u2009>\u20090.3\u00a0mg/kg), resulting in hazard indices (HI\u2009>\u20091.0), signaling potential health risks for chickens and consumers. While these plants offer high nutraceutical value, the heavy metal bioaccumulation in N. tabacum and C. sativa necessitates strict inclusion limits and processing to ensure food safety. C. frutescens is recommended as the most viable PFA for feed integration.\n\nID: 42243895\nTitle: Plasma and urinary exposure of cannabidiol and cannabidiolic acid in horses following consumption of contaminated feed.\nAbstract: Cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) are non-psychoactive cannabinoids naturally present in hemp-derived products. While these compounds are prohibited during equine competition, horses may be inadvertently exposed through contaminated feed. Data describing systemic and urinary exposure to CBD and CBDA following such low-dose, involuntary intake are limited. This study aimed to describe plasma and urine concentration-time profiles of CBD and CBDA in horses after consumption of experimentally contaminated feed. Twelve Standardbred horses received feed containing low doses (10-15\u00a0mg) of either CBD or CBDA twice daily for three days. Neither compound was detected in pre-administration samples. Following exposure, CBD was only sporadically quantifiable in plasma, whereas CBDA was detected in plasma from most horses for up to 48\u00a0h. In urine, both cannabinoids were quantifiable in all horses, with CBDA consistently present at higher concentrations and for longer durations than CBD. Maximum observed urinary concentrations were markedly higher for CBDA than for CBD. Considerable inter-individual variability was observed in both plasma and urine concentrations. Neither CBD nor CBDA was detected in plasma or urine for more than four days. Overall, systemic exposure following feed contamination was low compared with doses reported to produce therapeutic effects in horses or other species. Low-dose oral exposure to CBD and CBDA, mimicking feed contamination, can result in detectable concentrations of cannabinoids in equine plasma and urine, with CBDA representing the predominant analyte. Although the study was not designed to establish detection times and analytical sensitivity may differ from routine doping control, the findings demonstrate that inadvertent exposure through feed may lead to measurable cannabinoid concentrations despite doses well below those associated with reported pharmacological effects. These results highlight the importance of awareness of potential contamination sources and cautious interpretation of low-level cannabinoid findings in equine biological samples.\n\nID: 42213593\nTitle: The Determination of potentially toxic elements (Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, and Lead) in Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) from using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP OES).\nAbstract: Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) readily accumulates potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from soil. PTE exposure is linked to cancer, nephrotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Non-intoxicating hemp products in New Jersey are not subject to mandatory PTE testing, posing a consumer safety risk. This study presents a single-laboratory validation of an ICP OES method for the determination of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg in hemp, evaluated against AOAC SMPR 2020.001 performance criteria. Ground hemp (0.125\u2009g) was digested using HNO3/HCl/H2O2 (190\u2009\u00b0C, 20\u2009min) and diluted to 50\u2009mL. Samples were analyzed on an Agilent 5800 ICP OES with a seven-point calibration (1-100\u2009\u03bcg/L), Au/Sc internal standards, and KHP carbon for matrix matching. Spike recoveries for Cd (92.7%) and Pb (96.2%) met AOAC SMPR 2020.001 criteria (80-115%). Mercury recovery (47%) fell below acceptance limits due to matrix suppression and volatility losses. The As LOD (0.807\u2009\u03bcg/g) exceeded sample concentrations in most specimens. LOQ values for all four elements exceeded the SMPR 2020.001 threshold of 10\u2009\u00b5g/kg (0.01\u2009\u00b5g/g). Calibration linearity was confirmed for all analytes (r\u2009\u2265\u20090.995). Partial validation was achieved: Cd and Pb demonstrated acceptable accuracy and repeatability, but LOQ criteria were not met for any analyte. ICP OES is not suitable for Hg or As at regulatory trace levels; ICP MS is recommended for these elements. This method offers a cost-effective screening tool for Cd and Pb in hemp. This study presents the first single-laboratory ICP OES validation for PTEs in hemp under AOAC SMPR 2020.001. Cd and Pb met accuracy and repeatability criteria; As and Hg did not meet sensitivity requirements. ICP MS is recommended for regulatory As and Hg testing in hemp.\n\nID: 42210051\nTitle: Hybrid genome assembly of the cannabis powdery mildew agent Golovinomyces ambrosiae uncovers important resources for deciphering virulence factors.\nAbstract: Cannabis powdery mildew, caused by the fungal pathogen Golovinomyces ambrosiae, poses a significant threat to licensed producers as its presence on marketable products can compromise product innocuity. While there is a focus in research for resistance genes within the Cannabis sativa germplasm, there is a lack of genetic information regarding the infecting agent, preventing validation of their effectiveness against different populations as the plant-pathogen interaction most likely follows a gene-for-gene relationship. In this paper, we assembled the first G. ambrosiae genome, providing insights into its genomic content and potential virulence determinants. The assembly was made using a hybrid approach, combining Oxford Nanopore Technologies long reads and Illumina short reads. The resulting 155.2\u00a0Mb genome is composed of 73 contigs, 13 scaffolds and has a completeness score of 97.5%. Subsequent analysis highlighted the substantial transposable elements content of the pathogen, occupying 82.64% of its genomic composition. Prediction of protein-coding genes revealed 6995 highly confident gene models, including 169 candidate effector proteins. Among the latter, we highlighted 14 candidates sharing key characteristics of confirmed effectors in other powdery mildew pathosystems such as the presence of signal peptides, RALPH-like domains, and Y/F/WxC motifs. The result of this study provides valuable resources for future identification of avirulence genes within the G. ambrosiae species, responsible of conferring resistance when encoded effectors are recognized by a cognate host's resistance genes. Those findings will lead to guided breeding strategies and, ultimately, the selection of cultivars adapted to the pathogen's virulence profile.\n\nID: 42200298\nTitle: Fabrication of an Antibacterial Alginate/Chitosan Hydrogel Dressing Loaded With CuO Nanoparticles for Wound Dressing Applications.\nAbstract: Chronic wounds require multifunctional dressings capable of simultaneously controlling infection, managing exudate, and promoting tissue regeneration. This study develops CuO nanoparticles incorporated alginate/chitosan hydrogel dressing reinforced onto nonwoven fabrics of pure cotton, pure hemp, and 50:50 cotton: hemp blend fabricated via full factorial design for wound dressing applications. The composites were characterized by surface morphology, chemical structure, mechanical properties, antibacterial activity, air permeability, and water absorbency. Morphological analysis confirms uniform hydrogel coating and successful CuO deposition. Mechanical strength and water absorbency increased with hydrogel concentration, with a maximum tensile strength of 115.61\u2009N for the hemp reinforced sample at 2%. All CuO-loaded hydrogel composite dressings exhibited effective antibacterial performance. Although higher hydrogel concentrations reduce air permeability, blended substrates achieve a balanced combination of strength, breathability, and exudate management. This eco-friendly, cost-effective composite demonstrates strong potential for infection control for wound healing applications.\n\nID: 42196667\nTitle: Adverse Effects of Non-Medical Use of Cannabis or Opioids Associated with Adverse Childhood Experiences.\nAbstract: Non-medical use of cannabis (NmC) and/or opioids (NmO) can lead to adverse health effects (AHEs), yet the proportion of these harms attributable to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) remains unclear. This study estimated the contribution of ACEs to AHEs from NmC and/or NmO among adults aged \u226518 years using 2019-2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from Arizona and Massachusetts. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 24,739 respondents, linking past ACE exposure to self-reported NmC/NmO/NmC&NmO and related AHEs. Generalized linear models with a log link and binomial distribution adjusted for socio-demographic, healthcare access, and geographic factors were used to estimate associations and population-attributable fractions (PAFs). Propensity score methods matched respondents with and without ACEs on demographic and location characteristics. Among all the adults, 17.9% reported NmC, 5.8% reported NmO, and 2.4% reported NmC&NmO; among users of NmC/NmO/NmC&NmO, 5.0%/13.2%/36.0% reported AHEs. Among the respondents reporting AHEs from non-medical substance use, exposure to \u22652 ACEs was common (NmC: 89%; NmO: 82%; NmC&NmO: 84%). Compared to adults without ACEs, those with \u22652 ACEs had a higher likelihood of AHEs for NmC (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 3.54, 95% CI: 1.65-7.59) and NmO (aRR = 3.64, 95% CI: 1.99-6.66) but not NmC&NmO (aRR: 1.86, 95% CI: 0.84-4.09). PAFs indicated that 63% (NmC) to 64% (NmO) of AHEs among the adults reporting NmC or NmO were attributable to \u22652 ACEs. Preventing childhood adversity may substantially reduce substance-related harms in adulthood.\n\nID: 42123740\nTitle: Multielement Analysis of Selected Superfood Seeds and Grains Using ICP-OES: Sources of Essential and Toxic Elements.\nAbstract: The term 'superfoods' refers to a rapidly expanding group of food products that have gained increasing global interest due to their high nutritional value and association with health-oriented dietary patterns. Many superfoods, particularly grains and seeds, are rich sources of essential minerals, plant protein, dietary fibre, and bioactive compounds, making them valuable components of gluten-free, vegetarian, and vegan diets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the elemental composition of selected superfood grains and seeds and to verify the reliability of manufacturers' declarations. The analyses confirmed that the investigated samples possess a rich macro- and trace elemental composition, with pronounced differences among product groups. Based on median concentrations, pumpkin and hemp seeds were characterized by generally high levels of Mg, K, P, Fe, Mn, and Zn, whereas chia seeds exhibited notably elevated Ca content. In contrast, quinoa and amaranth showed comparatively lower elemental concentrations. Most of the results obtained for the analysed products are within the permissible deviation from the value declared on the packaging, as specified in the relevant EU regulations. The presence of potentially toxic elements, including Al, Pb, and Cd, was also detected. Cadmium accumulation was of particular concern in flax seeds, where all samples exceeded the limit of quantification and approached permissible levels. Principal component analysis revealed clear clustering patterns, indicating similarities between amaranth and quinoa, as well as between hemp and pumpkin seeds, while chia and flax seeds formed distinct groups. These results highlight both the nutritional potential of superfoods and the necessity for independent verification of their elemental composition.\n\nID: 42123526\nTitle: Species-Specific Effects of Humic Substances and Mycorrhiza on Antioxidant Defense and Metal Stress Tolerance in Cannabis sativa, Sorghum sudanense \u00d7 bicolor, and Miscanthus \u00d7 giganteus Under Field Conditions.\nAbstract: Abiotic stresses, including heavy metal contamination, can severely impair plant growth and antioxidative defense. However, their adverse effects may be mitigated through sustainable strategies such as biostimulant application. This study investigated the effects of humic substances (HSs), alone or combined with mycorrhizal inoculation (M), on oxidative stress and antioxidative responses in Cannabis sativa, Sorghum sudanense \u00d7 bicolor, and Miscanthus \u00d7 giganteus grown under field conditions on metal-contaminated agricultural soil exceeding regulatory thresholds for Zn, Pb, and Cd. Plant growth, lipid peroxidation, stress-related metabolites (proline, sugars), antioxidative enzyme activities (catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; guaiacol peroxidase, GOPX; glutathione reductase, GR, and superoxide dismutase, SOD), and leaf metal concentrations were analyzed. Biostimulants increased proline and sugars in Sorghum (by up to 55% and 80%, respectively), accompanied by reduced oxidative stress indicators and improved biomass (by 26%). In Cannabis, higher Cd and Pb concentrations following biostimulant treatments were associated with increased SOD, APX, and GR activities (by 33-267%), without affecting growth. In Miscanthus, increased lipid peroxidation (by 37-60%) occurred alongside enhanced GR and APX activities. These results indicate strong species-specific responses and absence of consistent synergistic effects of HSs and M, highlighting distinct physiological strategies of stress adaptation and antioxidative defense on metal-contaminated soils. Future research should address physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying these responses.\n\nID: 42123299\nTitle: Phytochemistry-Guided Green Synthesis of Antimicrobial Silver Nanoparticles from Cannabis sativa Chemovars.\nAbstract: The phytochemical variability in Cannabis sativa L. chemovars represents an underexplored factor in environmentally sustainable nanomaterial production. In this study, three distinct chemovars, (i) High-\u03949-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (89% THC), (ii) Balanced (60% Cannabidiol (CBD)), and (iii) High-CBD (89% CBD), were comparatively evaluated to determine their suitability for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Ethanolic inflorescence extracts were used to recover bioactive secondary metabolites; among them, the High-CBD extract exhibited the highest total phenolic (3.34 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and flavonoid (29.49 mg quercetine equivalent/g) contents, together with superior antioxidant capacity (53.16% 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) inhibition), indicating enhanced redox potential for nanoparticle formation. The terpene profile of High-CBD showed a dominance of myrcene (21.4%), contributing to the stabilization of the system. Using the High-CBD extract, predominantly spherical nanoparticles of 5 \u00b1 0.9 nm were synthesized and confirmed by UV-vis, EDS, and TEM. The biogenic AgNPs demonstrated significant dose-dependent antibacterial activity, with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 1.0 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and 4.5 mg/mL against Escherichia coli. These findings highlight the critical role of chemovar-dependent phytochemical composition and support a phytochemistry-guided approach for developing silver nanoparticles with potential biomedical applications.\n\nID: 42093032\nTitle: Feasibility of medicinal cannabis cultivation in outdoor conditions using municipal reclaimed water.\nAbstract: Increasing pressure on freshwater resources represents a major challenge for sustainable agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions. In this context, the use of treated wastewater in agriculture may enhance environmental sustainability and economic efficiency. This study evaluated the yield and safety of outdoor cannabis cultivation irrigated with reclaimed domestic wastewater in an arid Patagonian environment (Argentina). Key metrics included soil and water quality, flower and cannabinoid yield, and chemical and microbiological safety. Soil and water quality were adequate in terms of physicochemical parameters. Escherichia coli in irrigation water at the time of tank filling was 1,700\u2009\u00b1\u2009733 MPN/100\u00a0mL. Irrigation was initiated at these concentrations, and E. coli levels declined during subsequent storage in tanks, reaching values below 1,000 MPN/100\u00a0mL after approximately 10\u00a0days, consistent with the World Health Organization guideline for unrestricted agricultural reuse. E. coli and total coliforms were absent in leaves, flowers, and derived products (herbal oils). Potentially hazardous heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) did not show systematic accumulation in the system. Concentrations in flowers and oils were generally below regulatory standards for edibles; however, Pb levels in dried flowers exceeded established regulatory limits. Dried flower yields were approximately 267.77\u2009\u00b1\u200934.99\u00a0g/plant. Cannabinoid concentrations ranged from 7-14%, comparable to values previously reported for these varieties when cultivated indoors. Overall, the results support the potential of reclaimed wastewater as an irrigation alternative in arid regions, although continued monitoring of contaminants is essential to ensure product safety and regulatory compliance.\n\nID: 42070485\nTitle: Specific detection against PSA by using emission wavelength of carbon dots modulates TiO2/In2S3-based photoelectrochemical aptasensor.\nAbstract: Sensitive and precise detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is essential for the early diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer. However, conventional detection methods often suffer from limited sensitivity, poor selectivity, highlighting the need for advanced sensing platforms. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensing achieve for PSA accurate detection due to its high sensitivity, low background noise, and simplicity. Nonetheless, enhancing light absorption and charge separation efficiency remains a major challenge. In this study, we addressed this challenge by modulating the emission wavelength of carbon dots (CDs) and integrating them into a TiO2/In2S3-based heterojunction. Three types of CDs, including blue, green and red-emitting CDs (B-CDs, G-CDs, and R-CDs) were synthesized via a hydrothermal method and systematically optimized for photophysical and electronic performance. Among them, R-CDs exhibited superior visible-light absorption, enhanced electron transport, and abundant surface functional groups. When incorporated into a TiO2/In2S3 composite, R-CDs significantly boosted the photocurrent response (-112\u202f\u03bcA), outperforming the B-CDs (-60\u202f\u03bcA) and G-CDs (-88\u202f\u03bcA) counterparts. Comprehensive characterizations confirmed the formation of a well-integrated ternary heterojunction with efficient charge separation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. A PEC aptasensor was subsequently developed based on the optimized TiO2/In2S3/R-CDs photoelectrode for PSA detection. The sensor demonstrated a wide linear detection range (0.002-100 ng/mL), an ultralow detection limit (5.0\u202fpg/mL), and excellent selectivity. It also exhibited strong stability and reproducibility, with recovery rates of 96.6-100.4% in spiked serum samples. This study not only presents a highly sensitive PEC platform for clinical diagnostics but also underscores the critical role of emission-wavelength modulation of CDs in the rational design of advanced PEC biosensors.\n\nID: 42058367\nTitle: The 30th Scientific Conference of\u00a0the Society on\u00a0NeuroImmune Pharmacology in\u00a0Annapolis, Maryland, May 3rd - 6th, 2026.\nAbstract: The 30th Annual Society on Neuroimmune Pharmacology (SNIP) conference will be held on May 3-6th at the Graduate Hotel by Hilton in Annapolis, Maryland. This 4-day conference will present preclinical, translational, and clinical research in the intersecting fields of neuro-HIV and substance use disorders, as well as related neurodegenerative conditions. The speakers and poster presenters will share cutting-edge research funded by the National Institutes of Health. On the first day, we will have two concurrent preconference symposia. The first is \"Single Cell HIV and SUD Effects on the Brain: SCORCH Consortium Progress\", with an overview and 7 presentations by investigators, highlighting the outstanding work in the Single Cell Opioid Response in the Context of HIV (SCORCH). The second concurrent symposium is \"Catalyzing Interdisciplinary Research on HIV-Associated Co-occurring Conditions.\" In the evening, we will have our first Poster Session with 52 abstracts by early-stage-career investigators (ECIs), including those that received the ECI travel awards. On days 2-4, in addition to a plenary talk and two memorial lectures, we will have 11 symposia, with 62 speakers (including 12 who are early-stage career investigator travel awardees), and 65 additional poster presentations. In total, the 30th SNIP conference received 185 abstracts for the 70 oral presentations and 115 posters. Topics covered by these symposia and poster presentations include mechanistic and observational studies that evaluate neuronal injury and neuroinflammation associated with HIV brain infection, and how drugs of abuse, including stimulants, opioids, and cannabis, may exacerbate or mitigate neuropathogenesis. In addition, with the aging population of people with HIV and many with substance use disorders, recent work also evaluated how aging and various neurodegenerative disorders could further impact brain health. At the plenary lecture, Dr. Nora Volkow will highlight the priorities of HIV research at the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), while our banquet speaker, Dr. Avindra Nath will elucidate how viruses, particularly retroviruses, may invade the brain, infect brain cells, and adapt to the local environment for decades or mutate and possibly lead to neurodegenerative disorders. This will be an exciting conference that will continue SNIP's emphasis on the career development of early-stage investigators.\n\nID: 42055951\nTitle: Therapeutic effectiveness of group psychotherapy incorporating cognitive and goal management training in substance use disorder patients under deferred prosecution.\nAbstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured group psychotherapy program integrating cognitive training (CT) and goal management training (GMT) across neuropsychological, coping and behavioural levels in patients with substance use disorder (SUD) under deferred prosecution. Utilizing a pre-post design, this study analysed data from 35 patients under deferred prosecution who were enrolled in a compulsory addiction treatment programme consisting of 10-session group psychotherapy incorporating CT and GMT. Patients were primarily addicted to heroin, methamphetamine or cannabis. Neuropsychological assessments were conducted before and after the intervention, including the Stroop Colour-Word Test (SCWT) to assess inhibition, the Tower of London-DX (ToL-DX) to assess planning and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) to assess cognitive flexibility. Additionally, participants completed the Daily Executive Behaviours Scale and substance use was tracked via urine tests. Significant improvements were observed in the SCWT colour-word score (t\u2009=\u2009-2.78, p\u2009=\u2009.009, rt\u2009=\u20090.43), ToL-DX execution time (t\u2009=\u20092.40, p\u2009=\u2009.02, rt\u2009=\u20090.38) and rule violation metrics (Z\u2009=\u2009-3.34, p\u2009<\u2009.001, rz\u2009=\u20090.57), as well as WCST perseverative errors (Z\u2009=\u2009-3.00, p\u2009=\u2009.003, rz\u2009=\u20090.51); however, no significant changes were found in self-reported assessments or urine tests. The combined CT and GMT intervention significantly improved cognitive functions, although it did not lead to a notable reduction in substance use. This approach was associated with measurable improvements in executive functions, while highlighting the limits of short-term cognitive enhancement in altering substance use behaviour.\n\nID: 42024158\nTitle: Long-term effects of adolescent THC exposure on anxiety-like behavior and cognitive function in male rats.\nAbstract: RATIONALE: As cannabis legalization and decriminalization have expanded, it is increasingly perceived as a low-risk substance. Concurrently, the potency of cannabis products and the number of young adults seeking treatment for cannabis use disorder have risen markedly. A growing body of research links early onset, frequent use, and high potency cannabis products to a range of adverse outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine whether frequent cannabis use during late adolescence affects cognitive functioning and increases the risk of developing anxiety in adulthood. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; 5 mg/kg/day) or vehicle from postnatal day (PND) 42 to 62. After a drug-free period, anxiety-like behavior was assessed in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and Light-Dark transition tests, while cognitive function was evaluated in the novel object recognition and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. THC concentrations in blood and brain tissue were quantified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS: The rats displayed blood THC concentrations comparable to human cannabis users and reduced body weight during the exposure period \u2013 an effect that persisted for over two months following the final injection. Adolescent THC exposure impaired novelty preference in young adult animals, whereas effects on spatial memory were less definitive. THC-exposed rats showed anxiety-like behavior in the EPM test, but not in the Light-Dark transition test. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that frequent cannabis exposure during adolescence may lead to long-term reductions in body weight, reduced novel object recognition, and increased vulnerability to certain aspects of anxiety-related behavior in adulthood.\n\nID: 41996960\nTitle: Co-pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge with oak bark and hemp hurd to tailor biochar stability, carbon sequestration and heavy metal immobilization.\nAbstract: Municipal sewage sludge (MSS) pyrolysis is constrained by low carbon stability and high heavy metal (HM) content. This study examined whether co-pyrolysis with two underexplored lignocellulosic residues, oak bark (OB) and hemp hurd (HH), could enhance biochar properties relevant to carbon sequestration and environmental safety. MSS was blended with OB or HH at different ratios and pyrolyzed at 400 and 700 \u00b0C. The biochars were characterized for physicochemical and textural properties, carbon stability and sequestration, HM fractionation, stability, and ecological risk (MRI). Pyrolysis temperature determined biochar development, while co-substrate type influenced the balance between carbon stabilization and HM immobilization. HH, with higher cellulose and hemicellulose content and lower ash content, promoted devolatilization-driven restructuring of the carbon matrix, enhancing pore development and carbon stability. The highest specific surface area (182 m2/g) was achieved for MSS:HH (50:50) at 700 \u00b0C. In contrast, OB, with higher lignin content and greater ash and Ca-rich mineral contribution, favored solid-phase condensation, higher biochar yield, and stronger mineral-mediated stabilization of Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb. Among the tested blends, MSS:HH (25:75) at 700 \u00b0C showed the best carbon sequestration, with the lowest H/Corg (0.20) and O/Corg (0.05), the highest thermostable fraction (88%), the highest long-term carbon storage (0.62 t C/t biochar), and the greatest CO2-equivalent storage (2.3 t CO2/t biochar). All biochars remained within the low-risk MRI category. At 700 \u00b0C, Zn decreased by 87% in MSS:HH (25:75) compared to MSS biochar. Strategic feedstock selection enables production of stabilized MSS-derived biochars for carbon sequestration and environmental safety.\n\nID: 41978153\nTitle: Bioavailability of Functional Iron in Protein Microparticles.\nAbstract: Iron deficiency remains a major nutritional challenge, partly due to the limited stability and bioavailability of conventional iron formulations in foods and during digestion. In this study, iron-protein microparticles (IP-MPs) based on bovine serum albumin (IA-MPs) and hemp protein (IH-MPs) were developed via coprecipitation and evaluated as food-compatible iron delivery systems. Iron-protein microparticles (IP-MPs) were fabricated by a coprecipitation technique. The stability of IP-MPs was investigated in a three-phase digestion model. The uptake of IP-MPs by Caco-2 cells as well as the Ferritin concentration in Caco-2 cells were investigated. Particle morphology and size distribution were strongly dependent on the protein matrix, with hemp protein microparticles exhibiting greater size uniformity and higher stability under simulated gastric conditions. In a standardized in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model, both IP-MP formulations preserved iron predominantly in the bioactive Fe(II) state and remained sufficiently intact to reach the intestinal phase. Biocompatibility and iron uptake were assessed using Caco-2 cell monolayers. Neither formulation induced cytotoxic effects, while iron delivered via IP-MPs showed enhanced cellular uptake compared to a commercial iron supplement and ferrous sulfate. The amount of Fe(II) detected in the basolateral compartment of IH-MP and IA-MP samples (1.4 \u00b5g and 1.3 \u00b5g, respectively) was higher than that observed for Floradix\u00ae samples (approximately 0.7 \u00b5g) and corresponded to about 25% of the total iron applied. Functional iron bioavailability, assessed by ferritin formation, was significantly higher for IP-MPs, with hemp protein microparticles yielding the strongest ferritin response. These results demonstrate that iron-protein microparticles, particularly those based on hemp protein, effectively improve iron stability during digestion and enhance cellular iron bioavailability, highlighting their potential for application in iron fortification and functional food systems.\n\nID: 41968590\nTitle: \u03948-tetrahydrocannabinol, \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol, and cannabidiol carboxylic acid metabolites in authentic meconium samples.\nAbstract: The consumption of cannabis-related products during pregnancy is increasing. Marijuana (cannabis) use during pregnancy, whether for nonmedical or medical purposes to relieve of pregnancy-related symptoms and discomfort, can lead to potential adverse clinical and neurodevelopmental outcomes for the developing fetus. Testing conventional matrices, such as blood and urine, provides information regarding the recent intake of drugs, whereas analysis of alternative specimens, such as meconium, provides information regarding maternal use and potential in utero exposure during the third trimester of pregnancy. In this study, meconium samples (n\u2009=\u200919) were obtained from neonates at birth delivered at the University of Florida (UF). All the mothers participating in the study completed a questionnaire regarding cannabis and cannabidiol (CBD) use during pregnancy. Maternal urine samples were also collected during each trimester of pregnancy and at delivery. 11-nor-\u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (\u03949-THC-COOH), 11-nor-\u03948-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (\u03948-THC-COOH) and 7-carboxy cannabidiol (7-COOH-CBD) were quantitated in the meconium samples utilizing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The most frequently identified analyte was \u03949-THC-COOH (median concentration: 113\u2009ng/g) which was quantitated in the meconium samples (n\u2009=\u200912) of neonates born to mothers who self-reported cannabis use during the third trimester. \u03948-THC-COOH was observed in five of the \u03949-THC-COOH positive samples (median concentration: 15.7\u2009ng/g). Meconium of neonates born to mothers who did not self-report a history of cannabis use (control subjects) was negative for \u03948-THC-COOH and \u03949-THC-COOH. These data support further study of drug use patterns during pregnancy to focus on the clinical consequences of use during the perinatal period.\n\nID: 41957055\nTitle: Comparative exposure and risk assessment of heavy metals, nutrients, and organochlorine pesticides in cow and plant-based milks.\nAbstract: Cow milk and plant-based milk alternatives (PBMAs) are widely consumed beverages, yet both can act as pathways for exposure to environmental contaminants originating from soil, water, and legacy agricultural practices. In this study, we quantified heavy metals (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As)), macro- and micronutrients, and 24 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in cow milk and seven PBMAs (almond, soy, oat, coconut, hemp, rice, and cashew). Twenty-two commercial products were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). PBMAs exhibited higher and more variable concentrations of Cr, As, and Cd than cow milk, with rice and hemp milks showing the highest arsenic and chromium levels, respectively. Lead concentrations were comparable across milk types. Fortified PBMAs showed elevated calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), and magnesium (Mg) relative to cow milk, reflecting formulation-driven rather than intrinsic nutritional differences. All milk categories contained detectable residues of multiple OCPs, including dicofol, mirex, and hexachlorobenzene, highlighting the persistence of legacy pesticides in modern food products. Although concentrations generally remained below regulatory limits, the widespread occurrence of both metals and OCPs underscores the need for continued monitoring and improved transparency for both dairy and plant-based milks.\n\nID: 41952362\nTitle: Cannabis Products and Contaminant Detection: Critical Review of Regulatory Oversight and Analytical Methodologies.\nAbstract: Cannabis legalization and consumption in the United States have accelerated over the past decade, resulting in a rapidly diversifying marketplace of medical and adult-use products. As of 2025, medical cannabis is permitted in 47 states, while adult-use markets are authorized in 24 states and the District of Columbia. This expansion underscores the urgent need for robust and consistent safety testing to ensure consumer protection. Despite federal prohibition, states have independently developed their own regulatory frameworks for contaminant testing, leading to wide variability in allowable limits, analyte lists, and method validation requirements. This review critically compares contaminant regulations across U.S. adult-use jurisdictions and evaluates analytical methodologies published between 2020 and 2025 for four major hazard categories: heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, and residual solvents. Emphasis is placed on sample preparation strategies, analytical instrumentation, and method performance parameters relevant to complex cannabis matrices such as flower, concentrates, and infused products. Sample preparation approaches are tailored to matrix complexity and frequently utilize Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction followed by dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE). Cartridge SPE is commonly applied for enhanced cleanup, and immunoaffinity columns is used for selective isolation of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A. Instrumental analysis typically relies on Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for trace metals, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) for pesticide and mycotoxin detection, and headspace GC with flame ionization detection or GC-MS for residual solvent quantification. Although current methodologies provide sensitive and reliable detection, inconsistencies in regulatory oversight across jurisdictions limit data comparability and complicate interstate commerce. Establishing harmonized performance criteria, standardized reporting units, and national proficiency testing programs would improve method reliability and consumer confidence. Continued innovation in sample preparation and validated multi-residue methods will be critical as product diversity and testing demands continue to expand.\n\nID: 41942676\nTitle: Impact of CBD and hemp oil use on drug test results: a systematic review.\nAbstract: BACKGROUND: Hemp-derived products, especially CBD (cannabidiol) oil and hemp oil, have shown a notable increase of use in recent years. CBD oil is a compound derived from the cannabis plant, whilst hemp oil is a product derived from hemp seeds. Trans-\u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in cannabis is responsible for the psychoactive effect, whereas CBD, having the same molecular weight, is a non-psychoactive compound with analgesic, antiepileptic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. The rapid uptake of these products has raised concerns about unintended cannabinoid findings (THC, 11-OH-THC and THC-COOH etc.) on drug tests, especially in workplaces, road safety applications, and anti-doping programs. Although many CBD and hemp oils are marketed as \u201cTHC-free,\u201d trace amounts of THC may be present in some products due to manufacturing variability, mislabeling, or contamination. These trace amounts may yield detectable levels in biological matrices or may cause cannabinoids findings. Regulatory frameworks for THC in cannabis products exist in several jurisdictions, but oversight of CBD-containing oils remains heterogeneous, creating gaps in quality control and labeling. METHODS: This systematic review aimed to evaluate whether the use of CBD and hemp oil may lead to cannabinoid-positive results in drug testing, potentially causing suspicion of cannabis use. The research design was prepared according to the PRISMA guidelines. The review included studies published in English between March 2014 and March 2024 that met the search criteria based on the keywords \u201cpsychoactive effects\u201d, \u201cforensic toxicology\u201d, \u201cTHC positive\u201d, \u201cdelta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol\u201d, \u201cdelta-9-THC\u201d, \u201ctest\u201d, and \u201canalysis\u201d paired with the terms \u201cCBD Oil\u201d and \u201cHemp Oil\u201d separately in the PubMed, WOS, and SCOPUS databases. RESULTS: The literature search yielded 477 results, 12 of which met the inclusion criteria. Eight of the 12 studies included evaluate of the possibility of positive cannabinoid findings or negative results in biological materials as a result of CBD and hemp oil use in humans. Five of these studies reported that the use of these oils would not create a positive result above the \u201climit of detection (LOQ) or cut-off levels\u201d in the drug tests for THC. Although concentrations above the limit were not encountered, it is noteworthy, that trace levels or those close to the detection limits of cannabinoid levels were obtained. There are four studies designed to evaluate the conversion of CBD to THC in human metabolism after the use of oil products and two out of four studies emphasize that there will be no biotransformation or extraction-induced transformation after the use of CBD and hemp oils. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review addresses current evidence on the occurrence and underlying causes of cannabinoid-positive drug test results following the consumption of CBD and hemp oils, highlighting critical gaps in analytical testing strategies and regulatory oversight. Positivity mainly arises from the product content (e.g., undeclared or excessive THC, mislabeling, and contamination), the matrix, the administration route, and the sensitivity and specificity of the analytical methods. The potential for CBD to convert to THC during manufacturing or in the human body may pose legal risks for individuals using CBD or hemp oil in countries with zero-tolerance policies.\n\nID: 41934703\nTitle: Non-invasive detection of salivary TNF-\u03b1 enabled by hemp-derived nanocellulose nanocomposite electrochemical immunosensor for point-of-care diagnostics.\nAbstract: This work describes a label-free electrochemical immunosensor for the non-invasive detection of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) in human saliva. The sensing platform utilizes a hierarchical nanocomposite comprising hemp-derived nanocellulose (HNC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), PEDOT:PSS, and electrodeposited gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The porous 3D HNC network provides a biocompatible scaffold for efficient antibody immobilization, while the integrated conductive matrix significantly accelerates electron transfer kinetics. Under optimized conditions, the immunosensor exhibits a linear range of 5-300\u00a0pg\u00a0mL-1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.91\u00a0pg\u00a0mL-1 and excellent selectivity against common interferents. Validation with clinical saliva samples demonstrated strong correlation with standard ELISA, confirming the platform's potential for point-of-care inflammatory biomarker monitoring.\n\nID: 41911092\nTitle: Variations in Regulated Cannabis Sales Conditions and Their Effect on Purchase Behaviour: Findings from an Observational Study.\nAbstract: Introduction: Many countries are exploring regulations for non-medical cannabis markets to mitigate cannabis-related health risks. Regulations such as restricting opening hours or product variability may be useful tools, yet their effects on cannabis purchases remain understudied due to a lack of comprehensive sales data. The Z\u00fcri Can study implements a framework for strictly regulated cannabis sales, with a fixed product portfolio and a maximum purchase volume. The dataset contains all tracked purchases of 2,507 participants from August 22, 2023, to January 17, 2025, across ten Cannabis Social Clubs (CSCs), ten pharmacies, and the municipal Drug Information Centre Zurich (DIZ). It captures detailed information on sales conditions (opening hours, product variety, customers per hour) and purchase behaviour (purchase frequency, number of packages per purchase, THC volume, and expenditure per package). Generalised estimating equations provided means and confidence intervals by type of point of sale (POS). Multilevel survival analysis and random coefficient models examined how sales conditions influenced purchase behaviour, and how purchase behaviour evolved over time. Pharmacies had notably more weekly operating days (5.66), longer daily opening hours (6.16), and fewer customers per hour (1.08) than CSCs (3.81 days; 3.76 h; 4.62 customers per hour) and the DIZ (2.85 days; 3.28 h, 3.37 customers per hour). However, compared to the POS average, longer opening hours and more customers per hour only slightly increased purchase frequency; their impact on purchase amount was negligible. Variations in the number of available products only marginally affected purchasing behaviour. Purchase frequency was higher in the 30 days following the first purchase and declined over 12 months (CSCs, pharmacies) or remained stable (DIZ) while amount obtained per purchase remained stable. These findings suggest that in a strictly regulated non-medical cannabis market similar to the framework of the Z\u00fcri Can study, variations in sales conditions only have a small impact on purchase behaviour. Legal access to cannabis does not inherently lead to increased purchasing and may even contribute to a decline in purchase frequency.
.\n\nID: 41897881\nTitle: Randomized and Blind Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Full-Spectrum Oral Cannabis sativa Oil Extract, Standardized Based on CBD-A, CBD and THC-A, THC in Canines with Chronic Osteoarthritis.\nAbstract: Chronic osteoarthritis (COA) is a progressive and degenerative condition that causes joint inflammation and pain, often requiring long-term pharmacological management. Conventional treatments may lead to adverse effects, tolerance, and limited analgesic efficacy. This randomized, double-blind clinical trial evaluated the analgesic potential of a full-spectrum Cannabis sativa oil extract administered orally twice daily over six weeks in dogs with COA. Subjects were assigned to three groups: Cannabis, Placebo, and Control. Pain was assessed using the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) and the Canine Osteoarthritis Staging Tool (COAST), which ranges from 0 to 4. The Cannabis extract (46.4 mg/mL) total cannabinoids: Cannabidiol (CBD), Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC), and Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), were administered using a cautious dose escalation protocol. Treatment began at ~0.1 mg/kg every 12 h, increasing by one drop (1.16 mg) every 72 h. This gradual titration continued until reaching the maximum tolerated dose (2 mg/kg every 12 h), which was maintained for the final two weeks. The protocol was designed to minimize adverse effects and allow close monitoring, especially in geriatric or clinically fragile dogs. By day 28, when the DMT was reached, the Cannabis group showed a 39.6% reduction in CBPI scores, compared to 24.7% in the Placebo group and a 1.6% increase in the Control group. COAST scores improved from level 4 to level 3 in 55.5% of dogs in the Cannabis group, with no changes observed in the other groups. We hypothesize that the co-administration of carprofen, meloxicam, or pregabalin with a full-spectrum Cannabis sativa extract-rich in acidic cannabinoids and terpenes-enhances pain relief and mobility in dogs with COA more effectively than conventional therapies alone. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of an oily full-spectrum Cannabis sativa extract as an adjunctive treatment to NSAIDs in twenty-seven dogs diagnosed with COA, and to compare pain intensity across three treatments groups.\n\nID: 41866040\nTitle: Unintended Consequences of A Quality Improvement Initiative on Racial Inequity in Newborn Drug Testing.\nAbstract: Prenatal substance exposure is associated with harm to newborns and their families. Clinicians must report in utero controlled substance exposure to Child Protective Services (CPS). Studies have found that clinicians disproportionately order toxicology tests for Black infants, particularly in the absence of standardized policies for drug testing, which may lead to disproportionate downstream harm for Black families. The aim of this single-center quality improvement (QI) study is to eliminate racial inequity in drug testing for potentially substance-exposed newborns. The QI team identified lack of standardized policy and clinician education as key drivers and implemented a QI change from December 2022 to July 2024, which included a policy to standardize indications for meconium drug testing linked to an order set and QI dashboard. Descriptive statistics regarding testing rates and indications for testing stratified by race and ethnicity were performed before and after QI interventions. A total of 10\u2009637 individuals were included in the study population. The rate of testing increased from 5.2% pre-policy to 9.9% post-policy for Black newborns (relative risk [RR] 1.89, 95% CI: 1.27-2.81, P\u2009=\u2009.002). The rate of testing for white newborns was stable (3.2% to 3.7%, RR\u20091.14, 95% CI: 0.90-1.45, P\u2009=\u2009.27). Reasons for testing varied by race; being late to prenatal care accounted for 19.4% of all tests performed for Black newborns compared with 7.1% of all tests for white newborns. Testing for isolated marijuana use increased from 4.5% to 7.2% for Black newborns and remained stable, from 2.6% for 2.7%, for white newborns. Implementing a standardized policy and order set widened the inequity between Black and white newborns and increased testing rates for all newborns. Ongoing QI efforts include reevaluation of our approach to postnatal drug testing for prenatal cannabis exposure.\n\nID: 41865618\nTitle: Mitochondria-targeting iridium(III) complex enhances anticancer activity via PDK inhibition and energy metabolism disruption.\nAbstract: Energy metabolic reprogramming is a key hallmark of cancer cells and holds great promise for the development of metabolic modulators. However, energy metabolic adaptation that facilitates metabolic phenotype from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis, impairs treatment efficacy. Here, complex Ir-DCA was developed via the conjugation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDK) inhibitor dichloroacetate (DCA) to an iridium(III) scaffold, to achieve concurrent inhibition of mitochondrial glycolysis and OXPHOS. Ir-DCA could accumulate in mitochondria and exhibit high cytotoxicity against human cervical cancer cells. Ir-DCA exerts excellent inhibitory performance on PDK activity, induces mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, and elevates intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). These events collectively suppress both glycolysis and glucose oxidation, block adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and lactate production, ultimately triggers the caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death pathway. This work validates the efficacy of DCA-functionalized metal complex for dual energy pathway inhibition and emphasizes the translational potential of metabolism reprogramming strategies in cancer therapy.\n\nID: 41847940\nTitle: Hemp flowers cultivated on a soil contaminated with cadmium, lead and zinc exhibit valorization potential.\nAbstract: Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an effective crop for the phytomanagement of lands contaminated with trace metals, demonstrating tolerance to metal toxicity without significant impacts on its value-chain. However, the effects of metal contamination on hemp flowers remain understudied, limiting the assessment of the valorization potential for this valuable plant part. In a greenhouse experiment, we evaluated flower production, cannabinoid content and metal accumulation in hemp grown on a soil contaminated with Cd, Pb and Zn (pseudo-total concentrations: 13.0, 664 and 1048\u2009mg kg-1, respectively). Our results suggest a limited capacity for phytoextraction, with low removal rates for all three metals. Still, hemp flowers presented favorable features that support valorization potential. Both flower biomass and the synthesis of cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol were comparable to plants grown under reference conditions. Notably, inflorescences exhibited the lowest accumulation of Cd and Pb among all plant tissues. Concentrations for these elements were 0.45 and 1.1\u2009mg kg-1 respectively, remaining below most commercial limits for herbal drug products. These findings demonstrate that hemp flowers can be safely produced on metal-contaminated soils, reinforcing the suitability of hemp as a robust and versatile crop for the phytomanagement of legacy metal pollution. This study assesses the valorization potential of hemp flowers grown on a soil presenting elevated levels of cadmium, lead and zinc. Our findings reveal that flowers could potentially be valorized in phytomanagement contexts, and that they accumulated lead and cadmium less than other plant tissues. This is the first time that such observation is made for lead, while the limited existing data for cadmium in that regard is hereby consolidated.\n\nID: 41846412\nTitle: Improved Total Synthesis of Cannabioxepane, a Minor Phytocannabinoid from Cannabis sativa L.\nAbstract: Cannabioxepane, a recently described minor cannabinoid, remains largely unexplored pharmacologically due to its low natural abundance in Cannabis sativa. Previous synthetic approaches have yielded only limited quantities, necessitating the development of an optimized total synthesis. Here, we report a novel synthetic route that circumvents challenges associated with rearomatization by employing prearomatized starting materials. The key carbon-carbon bond formation between the aromatic rings is achieved via palladium-catalyzed C-H activation, providing an efficient strategy for cannabioxepane synthesis.\n\nID: 41796083\nTitle: Differentiation of cannabinoid isomers via Cu-mediated molecular ion formation and electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.\nAbstract: Gas chromatography-electron ionization-mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS) remains the primary analytical technique used for cannabis analysis in seized drug laboratories. Electron ionization (EI) mass spectra exhibit extensive fragmentation, enabling the identification of cannabinoids by comparison with reference EI mass spectral libraries. However, limitations such as thermal degradation and potential cannabinoid conversion can occur due to the elevated temperatures of the GC inlet. In contrast, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) uses a soft ionization technique, such as electrospray ionization (ESI), which predominantly yields the protonated molecule with minimal fragmentation. Even with collisional activation using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis, the product ion spectra are nearly identical for cannabinoid isomers, reducing the effectiveness of this technique for cannabinoid identification. In this study, copper (Cu) salts are used to induce cannabinoid molecular ion formation under ESI conditions, enabling cannabinoid isomer differentiation. Thirteen cannabinoids were analyzed in the presence of Cu, and the resulting MS/MS product ion spectra exhibited fragmentation analogous to cannabinoid EI mass spectra. To evaluate forensic applicability, the EI-like product ion spectra were searched against the NIST 20 EI-MS mass spectral library using NIST MS Search software. Spectral matches confirmed that this alternative approach can generate EI-like data under ESI-MS/MS conditions, improving cannabinoid isomer identification. Additionally, this method was applied to methanolic extracts of authentic cannabis plant material to ensure cannabinoid molecular ion formation in real-world samples. The developed method offers an alternative approach to traditional workflows, while providing spectral data consistent with those routinely interpreted by seized drug analysts.\n\nID: 41782125\nTitle: The power of zinc: excess and deficiency of Zn decrease cannabinoids in cannabis without Zn toxicity concerns to consumers.\nAbstract: BACKGROUND: Some of the mineral nutrients essential for plants are heavy metals, which their consumption may involve health concerns to the consumers. Hence, for safe consumption, optimized fertilization protocol for cannabis plants needs to focus also on minimizing the accumulation of potentially toxic minerals in the inflorescences. Zinc is an essential microelement for plants that has a toxic effect on the human body when consume in high concentration. The present study aimed to understand the drug-type (medical) cannabis plant response to Zn supply, for identifying the optimal Zn supply that balance high quality production with safe product. METHODS: cannabis plants were grown under five Zn levels (0.05, 0.1, 0.35, 1.0, 4.0 mg L\u2212\u20091) in controlled environment; and morpho-physiology analyses, cannabinoid profile, and ionome-profiling in the plant-organs were conducted. RESULTS: Increased level of Zn supply reduced the relative accumulation of Zn in the inflorescences, and excess Zn was stored in the plant root, and therefore does not impose additional health risk to consumers. Cannabinoid concentrations were highest under 0.35 mgL\u2212\u20091 Zn supply, and decreased with further increase in Zn supply. The acidic cannabinoids THCA, CBDA, CBCA, CBDVA, THCVA increased with the increase in Zn supply up to 0.1\u20130.35 mgL\u2212\u20091 and declined with further increase in Zn. Zn deficiency (under 0.05 mgL\u2212\u20091 Zn supply) reduced physiological performance, plant growth and inflorescence yield, and stimulated uptake of Zn, P, S, Ca, Fe, and Mn. Symptoms of excess Zn were death of leaf tips; however plant performance was overall not affected by Zn excess. CONCLUSIONS: Excess Zn is retained in the root and excluded from the inflorescence, thereby not imposing health risk to the consumers. The recommended Zn concentration in the fertigation solution that was found to attain highest specialized-metabolite concentrations, and optimal yield and plant performance is 0.35 mgL\u2212\u20091.\n\nID: 41782037\nTitle: Single cell multiomic analysis of the impact of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on HIV infected CD4 T cells.\nAbstract: Cannabis use is prevalent among individuals living with HIV in the United States, but the impact of cannabis exposure on the reservoir of latently infected cells that persists during antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains unclear. To address this gap, we analyzed the effect of \u0394-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on primary CD4 T cells that were latently infected with HIV. We found that THC did not have a strong effect on baseline or latency reversing agent (LRA) stimulated HIV expression, or on expression of an activation marker (CD38). However, using an integrated multiomic single-cell analysis of genome-wide chromatin accessibility and gene expression, we observed altered expression of several hundred genes in HIV infected CD4 T cells after THC exposure, including transcriptional downregulation of genes involved in protein translation and antiviral pathways, indicating that THC suppresses innate immune activation in infected cells. Additionally, chromatin accessibility analysis demonstrated upregulated chromatin binding activity for the transcriptional regulator CTCF, and reduced activity for members of the ETS transcription factor family in infected cells after THC exposure. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which cannabis use could influence the persistence of HIV within cellular reservoirs and the molecular phenotype of latently infected cells. Further elucidation of the underlying mechanisms involved in THC-mediated changes to HIV infected cells, will lead to an improved understanding of the impact of cannabis use on the HIV reservoir.\n\nID: 41733607\nTitle: Cannabidiol-rich extract suppresses the activation of proinflammatory genes IL-1\u03b2 and IL-6 in equine mesenchymal stem cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide.\nAbstract: Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) often lead to long-term functional impairment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cannabidiol (CBD) have shown anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in vitro, which may be relevant for PNI research. The aim of this study was to evaluate CBD-rich cannabis extract\u2019s potential to induce anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic gene expression in equine adipose tissue-derived MSCs (EqAT-MSCs) in an inflammatory in vitro environment. The morphology and metabolic activity of EqAT-MSCs (n\u2009=\u20094) were assessed after CBD-rich extract priming at concentrations of 3, 5, 7, and 9 \u00b5M for 24 and 48\u00a0h. Cytokine and neurotrophic gene expression was evaluated under these conditions: DMEM (unprimed), DMEM\u2009+\u2009LPS (lipopolysaccharide) (10 ng/ml), and LPS (10 ng/ml) + DMEM\u2009+\u2009CBD at 3, 5, and 7 \u00b5M for 24 and 48\u00a0h. No morphological changes were observed in primed EqAT-MSCs versus unprimed cells. EqAT-MSCs showed a reduction in metabolic activity at 9 \u00b5M after 24\u00a0h. CBD priming following LPS stimulation led to statistically significant changes in EqAT-MSC gene expression. BDNF expression increased after 48\u00a0h (3 and 5 \u00b5M), while NGF expression decreased at both 24 and 48\u00a0h (3, 5, and 7 \u00b5M). IL-1\u03b2 expression decreased after 24\u00a0h (3 and 7 \u00b5M), and IL-6 levels decreased at both 24 (5 and 7 \u00b5M) and 48\u00a0h (3, 5, and 7 \u00b5M). No significant changes were observed in GDNF, TNF-\u0251, IFN-\u0263, or IL-10. These results indicate that CBD-rich extract selectively modulates inflammatory and neurotrophic gene expression in EqAT-MSCs while maintaining metabolic integrity.\n\nID: 41736720\nTitle: Do different types of potentially traumatic events hold different relationships with substance use in adolescence?\nAbstract: Much of prior literature examines potentially traumatic event (PTE) exposure as a cumulative risk, though PTEs may not have an equal impact on substance use (SU). In the current study, we test McLaughlin & Sheridan's (2016) model in a sample of 11,800 community youth (ages 9-15 years old) enrolled in the nationwide, longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study to examine the impact of PTE types on SU. We analyze concurrent associations between PTE types (physical abuse, domestic violence, community violence, emotional neglect, poverty, and institutionalization / deprivation) and substance use (pooling alcohol, cannabis, or nicotine) and prospective associations whereby exposure to different PTE types predicts SU one year later (self-medication hypothesis). For concurrent associations, we find emotional neglect and physical abuse were significantly positively related to SU. In terms of prospective associations, institutionalization / deprivation, emotional neglect, and physical abuse significantly positively predicted SU. A majority of associations between PTE types and SU were accounted for by other PTE types and time-varying covariates (e.g., internalizing/externalizing symptoms). The association between PTEs and SU during adolescence varies across PTE types. PTEs categorized as physical abuse and emotional neglect are more likely to lead to SU. Findings suggest that surveillance for SU is especially warranted in youth experiencing emotional neglect and physical abuse relative to other PTEs. Future research should examine more types of PTEs along a wider age span to replicate findings.\n\nID: 41736387\nTitle: Substance and Behavioural Addictions Among Evacuees: Findings From Israeli Swords of Iron War.\nAbstract: War-related evacuation is a stressful event that may cause mental health problems, which, in turn, might lead to increases in substance and behavioural addictions. We used data collected online during the Swords of Iron to examine associations between being evacuated during the war, mental health, problematic substance use, and behavioural addictions. Study 1 surveyed young adults (ages 18-26) from various areas of Israel. Measures included self-reported anxiety, depression, problematic consumption of alcohol, cannabis, and prescription drugs, and problematic gambling, gaming, and pornography. Evacuees (n\u00a0=\u00a0111) reported higher levels of anxiety, depression, problematic alcohol consumption, and problem gambling than non-evacuees (n\u00a0=\u00a0973), with increased depression, problematic alcohol consumption and problem gambling among men. In Study 2, we used data from a quasi-representative sample of Jewish Israelis (ages 18-70), that included the same measures, in addition to problematic social media and internet usage. Findings replicated and extended those of Study 1: evacuees (n\u00a0=\u00a0158) had higher rates of problematic use of all the assessed outcomes, compared to those not evacuated (n\u00a0=\u00a02485), with increased problematic use of alcohol, prescription drug, and gambling among men. In both Studies, the results held when controlling for exposure to war stressors and feelings of danger during the war, indicating that evacuation had a unique effect beyond the primary trauma of war. We discuss the limitations of the current research and consider its implications to addiction theory and gender differences in addictions and offer directions for future research and clinical considerations.\n\nID: 41731563\nTitle: Comparative analysis of metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, microbial contaminants and THC potency in illegal and regulated cannabis inflorescences in Canada.\nAbstract: BACKGROUND: Following the legalization of recreational cannabis in Canada under the Cannabis Act (2018), regulatory frameworks were implemented to ensure product safety, quality, and consistency within the legal market. Previous studies revealed significantly greater pesticide contamination in illegal cannabis than in legal products. In light of these findings, the present study expands contaminant surveillance to include the quantification of \u0394\u2079-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and a broader range of potential toxicants, including metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, and microbial agents. METHODS: Fifty legal cannabis products were purchased across Canadian provinces, and 50 illegal samples were obtained via law enforcement seizures. All the samples were tested via validated, accredited/attested methods. THC content was assessed using LC-UV-MS. Pesticides were analyzed via LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS; metals via ICP-MS/MS; mycotoxins via LC-MS/MS; and microbial contamination using MALDI-TOF. RESULTS: THC levels in 48% of legal products deviated by more than 20% from their labeled concentrations. Microbiological testing revealed that 20% of legal products exceeded the European Pharmacopoeia microbial limits, prompting appropriate compliance and enforcement measures to address each of these cases. In contrast, 55% of the illegal products exceeded the aerobic plate count thresholds, and 73% surpassed the yeast and mold limits. Mycotoxins were undetected in legal products but were present in 12% of illegal samples. Pesticide residues were found at trace levels (0.01\u00a0\u00b5g/g) for myclobutanil and dichlobenil in two legal samples, whereas 94% of illegal samples contained pesticides, averaging 3.4 compounds per sample across 24 unique active ingredients. Metal analysis revealed higher levels of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in illegal products than in their legal counterparts. However, legal samples presented higher chromium concentrations, with peak values approximately threefold greater than those observed in illegal cannabis. The concentrations of arsenic, barium, chromium, copper, molybdenum, nickel, and vanadium exceeded the\u00a0inhalation concentration limits found in Table 2 of USP <232> of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) in one or both product categories. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that legal THC levels differ from their label claims as well as that contaminants differ between legal and illegal cannabis products. The results provide evidence to inform regulatory oversight, enhance risk assessment efforts, and support informed decision-making by consumers and policymakers in the context of a legal cannabis framework.\n\nID: 41715907\nTitle: A 2025 Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey on Public Attitudes Toward the Legalization and Depenalization of Recreational Cannabis in Poland.\nAbstract: The legalization and depenalization of recreational cannabis is increasingly debated in Europe, including in Poland, where medical cannabis was legalized in 2017. Despite ongoing public discourse, up-to-date data on public attitudes toward recreational cannabis legalization remain limited. This study aimed to characterize public attitudes toward the legalization and depenalization of recreational cannabis in Poland. This retrospective, cross-sectional, computer-assisted web interviewing-based nationwide survey was conducted between July 11 and 13, 2025, using an online questionnaire completed by a representative sample of 1113 Polish adults. The survey assessed support for recreational cannabis depenalization, perceived accessibility, attitudes toward personal possession laws, and views on the impact of medical cannabis legalization. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with public attitudes. Results showed 29.6% respondents supported full legalization of recreational cannabis, 39.6% favored depenalization (eg, legal possession of up to 100 g or 3 plants), and 18.7% perceived cannabis as easily accessible; 32.4% expressed concern that medical cannabis legalization may lead to increased recreational use. Support for legalization and depenalization was significantly associated with male sex, younger age (18-29 years), urban residence, active occupational status, and good household economic status. Eight years after medical cannabis legalization, public opinion in Poland shows limited support for full recreational legalization but substantially greater acceptance of depenalization, revealing a clear policy gradient. Demographic factors of sex, age, and place of residence strongly shape public attitudes. These findings provide evidence to inform drug policy discussions in Poland and other Central and Eastern European countries.\n\nID: 42338575\nTitle: Characterization of bacterial endophytes isolated from Cannabis sativa L. and Chelidonium majus L. for their application as biostimulants and biocontrol agents.\nAbstract: Endophytic bacteria contribute to plant growth, stress tolerance, and pathogen resistance. Their effective use in agriculture requires the identification of strains that combine multiple beneficial traits with consistent performance across different field conditions. Accordingly, this study examines Bacillus and Pseudomonas endophytes isolated from Cannabis sativa L. and Chelidonium majus L. for plant growth promotion, abiotic stress tolerance, and biocontrol properties. Plant growth-promotion traits included indole, siderophore, and organic acid production, phosphate and zinc solubilization, and biofilm formation. Results showed that all the tested bacterial isolates produced indoles, with the highest levels recorded in Pseudomonas strain PPW-26, whereas several Pseudomonas strains exhibited strong siderophore production. Strain PPW-26 tested positive for methyl-red, indicating organic acid production, whereas other Pseudomonas strains tested negative. Moderate to high nutrient solubilization profiles were observed across all Pseudomonas strains. Bacillus strains, particularly BS-114, exhibited higher biofilm formation relative to Pseudomonas. Assessment of abiotic stress tolerance included proline accumulation, superoxide dismutase activity, and growth under varying temperature, salinity, and drought conditions. All strains displayed tolerance to the tested stresses, with Bacillus strains showing stronger resilience to high temperature and salinity, accompanied by elevated proline accumulation and superoxide dismutase activity in selected strains. Biocontrol potential was evaluated through biosurfactant production and antifungal activity. Bacillus strains showed high biosurfactant activity and strong inhibition of fungal pathogens. Strain BS-120 exhibited broad-spectrum inhibition against Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium graminearum, and Rhizoctonia solani-AG3. Analysis of genome sequences identified biosynthetic gene clusters encoding antifungal metabolites, including fengycin and surfactin, consistent with the observed inhibition. Genome-wide similarity analysis and ANI-based clustering revealed the presence of highly similar and genetically distant strains within each genus. For Bacillus spp., ANI values ranged from 87.62% to 98.83%, whereas for Pseudomonas spp. they ranged between 83.91% and 99.99%, confirming the presence of substantial intra-genus diversity. Phylogenetic analysis showed well-supported clades consistent with ANI clustering. Overall, this study demonstrates that endophytic Bacillus and Pseudomonas strains exhibit complementary and strain-dependent traits associated with plant growth promotion, stress tolerance, and pathogen suppression, supporting their further evaluation as potential bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture.\n\nID: 41188503\nTitle: Physio-biochemical alterations and phytoremediation potential of hemp cultivated in ciprofloxacin (CIP)-contaminated soil: groundbreaking and enduring solution.\nAbstract: Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a significant natural fibre employed as reinforcement in sustainable materials and, due to its considerable biomass, wide root system, and resilience to pollutants under harsh environments; it is an outstanding choice for the phytoremediation of multiple contaminants. This study aimed to assess hemp growth, gas exchange properties, antioxidant potential, and phytoremediation ability at varying concentrations of ciprofloxacin (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200\u00a0mg\u00a0kg-1) in a controlled glasshouse environment. The results indicate that hemp can tolerate Ciprofloxacin (CIP) concentrations up to 150\u00a0mg\u00a0kg-1 without substantial reductions in biomass and growth parameters; however, higher CIP levels, namely 200\u00a0mg\u00a0kg-1, lead to considerable drops in plant biomass and growth. The gas exchange properties and photosynthetic pigment levels of hemp leaves decreased as the CIP in the soil rose. Moreover, elevated CIP levels in soil induced lipid peroxidation via malondialdehyde level enhancement in hemp leaves. Elevated levels of CIP induced oxidative damage, antioxidants, including peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, function to neutralize ROS produced by oxidative stress. This study examined the CIP amounts in several plant elements such as fibres, stem core, leaves and roots at 4 different phases: 28-, 55-, 110- and 135-days post-sowing. The study's findings reveal that, throughout the early growth stages, CIP predominantly accumulated in the subterranean regions of the crop, with limited translocation to the aerial areas. Conversely, at full maturity (135\u00a0days post-sowing), it was shown that the majority of CIP was translocated to the plant's above-ground structures, with no accumulation in subterranean areas. The results demonstrate a progressive increase in CIP absorption in relation to heightened CIP concentrations in soil, suggesting that hemp could function as an effective phytoremediation bioresource and agent in contaminated soils.\n\nID: 40992583\nTitle: Is tau pathology a relevant factor in neuronal damage induced by alcohol and other drugs?\nAbstract: Unrestricted alcohol consumption and other substances like methamphetamine (ecstasy), opioids, cannabis, and cocaine have generated serious health concerns in the world population. The abusive use of these substances produces neuropathological alterations that could lead to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Pathological damage generated by these drugs resembles neurodegenerative changes observed in neurological disorders (NDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and others. One of the relevant elements distinguished in these diseases is the aggregation of intraneuronal proteins and deregulation of the neuronal cytoskeleton. In this context, the toxic modification of tau protein, a microtubule-associated protein (MAP), has raised new interest in drug and alcohol abuse research. Tau can undergo different pathological changes in which its anomalous phosphorylation and truncation state are relevant for NDs. These modifications produce a detachment from microtubule structures, affecting axonal transport and synaptic plasticity. Current studies suggest that alcohol and drug abuse may affect the mechanisms behind tau phosphorylation, inducing dysregulation of kinase/phosphatase activities and toxic tau accumulation. These alterations could be a key element that contributes to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration caused by substance abuse. Therefore, it is pivotal to understand how alcohol and other drugs contribute to neuronal damage by inducing tau pathology. This knowledge could generate new strategies and biomedical targets to reduce addictive consumption, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline produced by substance abuse.\n\nID: 40985446\nTitle: Fusarium Species Infecting Greenhouse-Grown Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) Plants Show Potential for Mycotoxin Production in Inoculated Inflorescences and from Natural Inoculum Sources.\nAbstract: Several species of Fusarium are reported to infect inflorescences of high-THC-containing cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) plants grown in greenhouses in Canada. These include F. graminearum, F. sporotrichiodes, F. proliferatum, and, to a lesser extent, F. oxysporum and F. solani. The greatest concern surrounding the infection of cannabis by these Fusarium species, which cause symptoms of bud rot, is the potential for the accumulation of mycotoxins that may go undetected. In the present study, both naturally infected and artificially infected inflorescence tissues were tested for the presence of fungal-derived toxins using HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Naturally infected cannabis tissues were confirmed to be infected by both F. avenaceum and F. graminearum using PCR. Pure cultures of these two species and F. sporotrichiodes were inoculated onto detached inflorescences of two cannabis genotypes, and after 7 days, they were dried and assayed for mycotoxin presence. In these assays, all Fusarium species grew prolifically over the tissue surface. Tissues infected by F. graminearum contained 3-acetyl DON, DON, and zearalenone in the ranges of 0.13-0.40, 1.18-1.91, and 31.8 to 56.2 \u03bcg/g, respectively, depending on the cannabis genotype. In F. sporotrichiodes-infected samples, HT2 and T2 mycotoxins were present at 13.9 and 10.9 \u03bcg/g in one genotype and were lower in the other. In F. avenaceum-inoculated tissues, the mycotoxins enniatin A, enniatin A1, enniatin B, and enniatin B1 were produced at varying concentrations, depending on the isolate and cannabis genotype. Unexpectedly, these tissues also contained detectable levels of 3-acetyl DON, DON, and zearalenone, which was attributed to apre-existing natural infection by F. graminearum that was confirmed by RT-qPCR. Beauvericin was detected in tissues infected by F. avenaceum and F. sporotrichiodes, but not by F. graminearum. Naturally infected, dried inflorescences from which F. avenaceum was recovered contained beauvericin, enniatin A1, enniatin B, and enniatin B1 as expected. Uninoculated cannabis inflorescences were free of mycotoxins except for culmorin at 0.348 \u03bcg/g, reflecting pre-existing infection by F. graminearum. The mycotoxin levels were markedly different between the two cannabis genotypes, despite comparable mycelial colonization. Tall fescue plants growing in the vicinity of the greenhouse were shown to harbor F. avenaceum and F. graminearum, suggesting a likely external source of inoculum. Isolates of both species from tall fescue produced mycotoxins when inoculated onto cannabis inflorescences. These findings demonstrate that infection by F. graminearum and F. avenaceum, either from artificial inoculation or natural inoculum originating from tall fescue plants, can lead to mycotoxin accumulation in cannabis inflorescences. However, extensive mycelial colonization following prolonged incubation of infected tissues under high humidity conditions is required. Inoculations with Penicillium citrinum and Aspergillus ochraceus under these conditions produced no detectable mycotoxins. The mycotoxins alternariol and tentoxin were detected in several inflorescence samples, likely as a result of natural infection by Alternaria spp. Fusarium avenaceum is reported to infect cannabis inflorescences for the first time and produces mycotoxins in diseased tissues.\n\nID: 40480121\nTitle: Analysis of \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) on hair after single and repeated short in vivo passive exposures to low- and high-\u03949-THC-cannabis.\nAbstract: Prolonged cannabis smoke exposure could give rise to detectable levels of cannabinoids in hair, complicating forensic hair analysis interpretation. Exposure to \"light cannabis\", i.e., products that are low in \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC) and enriched in cannabidiol (CBD), can additionally lead to contamination, as shown in vitro. The aim of the present study was to assess whether detectable hair levels of \u03949-THC and CBD could arise in vivo from short, single and repeated passive exposure to cannabis and \"light cannabis\" and whether the two products could be distinguished. Four volunteers underwent weekly 15-minute exposures to low-\u03949-THC (0.5\u202f%) cannabis smoke, delivered by a pump inside a car, over a month. After 1 month of washout, exposures were repeated with the same scheme with high-\u03949-THC (5\u202f%). Hair and urines samples were collected after each exposure. Hair samples were tested, with and without a washing step (total n\u202f=\u202f72), by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for \u03949-THC and CBD. Urines were tested for drug metabolites (LOD: 1.66\u202fng/ml). No accumulation of drugs over exposures was shown. Urines always tested negative. Washed hair samples were positive for CBD (mean 0.05\u202fng/mg) after exposure to low-\u03949-THC cannabis, and for \u03949-THC (mean 0.02\u202fng/mg) after exposure to high-\u03949-THC cannabis, with levels also typical of drug use. The two products could be easily distinguished. Our study showed that hair contamination could arise in vivo even after short single exposures to cannabis and \"light cannabis\", underlining the need for a careful interpretation of results of hair analysis in forensic toxicology.\n\nID: 40109888\nTitle: Acanthamoeba castellanii-Mediated Reduction of Interleukin-1\u03b2 Secretion and Its Association With Macrophage Autophagy.\nAbstract: Noncanonical autophagy including unconventional protein secretion has been extensively studied. Our work focused on a leaderless IL-1\u03b2 protein secretion from human macrophage in response to Acanthamoeba castellanii components, Acanthamoeba culture supernatant (CS) and cell lysate (CL), as well as its association with macrophage autophagy. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced THP-1 macrophages were treated with Acanthamoeba components of pathogenic (ATCC50739) and nonpathogenic (ATCC30010) strains in vitro. The data showed that Acanthamoeba treatment resulted in low IL-1\u03b2 secretion from macrophages. In addition, Acanthamoeba CL of both strains was able to upregulate autophagy-related (Atg) protein 8, an autophagy marker, whereas Acanthamoeba CS downregulated Atg8 expression. We further manipulated autophagy and found that autophagy induction by starvation diminished IL-1\u03b2 secretion while autophagy inhibition by 3-methyladenine (3MA) increased IL-1\u03b2 secretion. Interestingly, in the presence of Acanthamoeba components either under starvation or 3MA treatment, IL-1\u03b2 secretion was significantly reduced. Transcriptional expression of other ATG genes, i.e., ATG6, ATG7, and ATG5, were investigated and showed that their mRNA expression was maintained at the basal level under A. castellanii CS or CL treatment. Inflammasome-related genes, NLRP3 and CASPASE1, were upregulated following A. castellanii 50739 CS treatment but not in A. castellanii 50739 CL-treated condition. However, both conditions were able to increase IL-1\u03b2 mRNA expression. TEM micrographs revealed that 3MA treatment induced the formation of large vacuoles and accumulation of autophagosome at the edge of THP-1 macrophages. However, the number and size of their structures were declined in the presence of A. castellanii 50739 CS with 3MA. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining demonstrated the association between Atg8/LC3 and IL-1\u03b2 expression, where downregulation of Atg8 by A. castellanii 50739 CS led to the upregulation of IL-1\u03b2. Altogether, the data indicate that Acanthamoeba can manipulate macrophage autophagy, thereby controlling low IL-1\u03b2 secretion. The expression of autophagy- and inflammasome-related genes also indicates multiple mechanisms in IL-1\u03b2 secretion in response to Acanthamoeba components. However, further characterization of Atg proteins and investigations into other intracellular pathways or defense mechanisms are needed to fully understand the unconventional secretion of IL-1\u03b2 in macrophages. This knowledge could eventually lead to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies against Acanthamoeba infection by modulating autophagy or macrophage responses.\n\nID: 39997905\nTitle: The Tolerance Differences of Two Industrial Hemp Varieties Under Lead (Pb) Stress.\nAbstract: Industrial hemp is a crop with a high tolerance and accumulation of lead (Pb). Improving the Pb tolerance and accumulation capacity of industrial hemp is of great scientific and practical importance. This study utilized a pot with soil contaminated with Pb to investigate the differences in Pb tolerance between two industrial hemp varieties, Yunma1 (YM) and Shaanxi Industrial Hemp (SM), under Pb stress. The results indicated that Pb mainly accumulates in the roots of YM and SM (70-80%), with YM having a higher Pb accumulation than SM. It is worth nothing that under high Pb concentration conditions (5000 mg/kg), the Pb accumulation capacity of YM is twice that of SM. Accumulation characteristics of Pb in different plant tissues followed the pattern: roots > stems > leaves > fibers > seeds. In YM, approximately 70% of the absorbed Pb was fixed in the roots and 30% was transported to the above-ground parts. In contrast, SM transported more than 50% of absorbed Pb by roots to the above-ground areas, causing some degree of damage to stems and leaves. Even when Pb concentrations exceed 4000 mg/kg, YM exhibits strong tolerance (tolerance index greater than 90%), with normal growth and no signs of toxicity. However, SM showed a tolerance level of < 50% at high Pb concentrations, with significant heavy metal toxicity symptoms in the above-ground areas. These results provide important information for the remediation of Pb contaminated soils in mining areas.\n\nID: 39701391\nTitle: Chitooligosaccharide application enhanced the growth and phytoremediation efficiency of industrial hemp in Cd-contaminated soils.\nAbstract: Hemp has been widely used for cadmium (Cd) remediation. However, its remediation efficiency needs to be improved. Chitooligosaccharides can enhance plant resistance and growth; however, their effects on hemp for Cd-remediation remain unclear. Herein, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three doses (0, 22.5, and 45\u00a0\u03bcg m-2) of chitooligosaccharides (COS), chitin-oligosaccharides (NACOS), and hetero-chitooligosaccharides (HTCOS) on the growth and Cd-remediation efficiency of hemp. Results showed that chitooligosaccharides promoted the antioxidant system and aerial biomass (maximum 84\u00a0%) depending on doses and types. COS (22.5\u00a0\u03bcg m-2 under 60\u00a0mg cadmium kg-1 soil), NACOS, and HTCOS significantly elevated the Cd concentration in hemp. Consequently, NACOS and HTCOS (45\u00a0\u03bcg m-2) significantly increased the average Cd removal up to 61\u00a0% and 81\u00a0%, respectively, compared with the control. Therefore, spraying chitooligosaccharides can enhance growth and phytoremediation efficiency of hemp by elevating aerial biomass and cadmium concentration of hemp.\n\nID: 39631339\nTitle: Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) adapts to cadmium stress by reshaping rhizosphere fungal community.\nAbstract: Increasing evidence indicates that plants under environmental stress can actively seek the help of microbes ('cry-for-help' hypothesis). However, empirical evidence underlying this strategy is limited under metal-stress conditions. Here, we employed integrated microbial community profiling in cadmium (Cd) polluted soil and culture-based methods to investigate the three-way interactions between the industrial hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.), rhizospheric microbes, and Cd stress. Results from the pot and three cycles of the successful hemp planting experiments showed that Cd stress significantly affected the composition of rhizosphere fungi in industrial hemp and induced enrichment of the fungal operational taxonomic unit (OTU)3 (Cladosporium). A representative of OTU3 (strain DM-2) was successfully isolated. In a hydroponic experiment, inoculation of DM-2 significantly increased the shoot length (by 25.84\u00a0%) and fresh weight (by 92.66\u00a0%) of hemp seedlings when compared to the absence of DM-2 under the Cd stress. The findings indicate that DM-2 inoculation could effectively alleviate the Cd stress in hemp seedlings. Metabolomic analysis of spent media with or without DM-2 revealed the association of DM-2 with the transformation of root exudates to melatonin, which may be a key chemical in plant-microbe interactions against abiotic stresses. The findings will inform efforts to manipulate the root microbiome to enhance plant growth in polluted environments.\n\nID: 39094452\nTitle: Study of plasma activated water effect on heavy metal bioaccumulation by Cannabis sativa Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy.\nAbstract: Contamination of the environment with toxic metals such as cadmium or lead is a worldwide issue. The accumulator of metals Cannabis sativa L. has potential to be utilized in phytoremediation, which is an environmentally friendly way of soil decontamination. Novel non-thermal plasma-based technologies may be a helpful tool in this process. Plasma activated water (PAW), prepared by contact of gaseous plasma with water, contains reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which enhance the growth of plants. In this study, C. sativa was grown in a short-term toxicity test in a medium which consisted of plasma activated water prepared by dielectric barrier discharge with liquid electrode and different concentrations of cadmium or lead. Application of PAW on heavy metal contaminated C. sativa resulted in increased growth under Pb contamination as was determined by ecotoxicology tests. Furthermore, the PAW influence on the bioaccumulation of these metals as well as the influence on the nutrient composition of plants was studied primarily by applying Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The LIBS elemental maps show that C. sativa accumulates heavy metals mainly in the roots. The results present a new proof-of-concept in which PAW could be used to improve the growth of plants in heavy metal contaminated environment, while LIBS can be implemented to study the phytoremediation efficiency.\n\nID: 39018846\nTitle: Elucidating the phytoremediation potentials and ecophysiological mechanisms of indicator plants in the industrial polluted region.\nAbstract: The integrity of natural ecosystems, particularly in the Global South, is increasingly compromised by industrial contaminants. Our study examines the growth of plant species adapted to ecosystems impacted by heavy metal pollution, specifically focusing on their phytoremediation capabilities and tolerance to contaminants. The potential of pollution-tolerant species was evaluated in the industrial subtropical wetland of Sialkot, Pakistan. Employing quantitative ecological methods, data on vegetation, phytosociological attributes, and soil properties were gathered from 450 plots across different pollution gradients. The study pinpointed 17 key indicator species tolerating high heavy metal pollution out of 182 surveyed, using a combination of Indicator Species Analysis (ISA) and the Importance Value Index (IVI). These species demonstrated diverse capacities to extract, stabilize, and accumulate heavy metals (Cr, Zn, Cu, As, Cd, Ni, Hg, and Pb) across varying pollution zones. Notably, Cannabis sativa demonstrated substantial phytoextraction of Zn and Cd, with concentrations reaching 1977.25\u00a0\u03bcg/g and 1362.78\u00a0\u03bcg/g, respectively. Arundo donax showed marked hyperaccumulation of Cd, peaking at 410.531\u00a0\u03bcg/g. Achyranthes aspera was remarkable for its extraction and accumulation of Ni and Cu, with concentrations of 242.412\u00a0\u03bcg/g and 77.2997\u00a0\u03bcg/g, respectively. Physiological changes, such as increased proline levels in Cannabis sativa and Achyranthes aspera reaching 39.041\u00a0\u03bcg/g and 27.523\u00a0\u03bcg/g under high metal concentrations, indicated adaptation to metal stress. Declines in chlorophyll and carotenoid levels were also observed as metal contamination increased, with up to 35% reductions in some species. These findings underscore the potential efficacy of selected plant species in phytoremediation and highlight the importance of physiological responses in their tolerance to metals, providing valuable information for targeted remediation strategies in polluted ecosystems and improving environmental management and sustainable practices.\n\nID: 38792193\nTitle: Evaluation of Alternative Sources of Proteins and Other Nutrients with Potential Applications in Fish Nutrition.\nAbstract: The European Union's (EU) agricultural self-sufficiency is challenged by its reliance on imported plant proteins, particularly soy from the Americas, contributing to deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions. Addressing the EU's protein deficit, this study evaluates alternative protein sources for aquaculture, focusing on their nutritional value, elemental content, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Protein flours from gastropods (Helix pomatia, Arion lusitanicus, Arion vulgaris) and their hepatopancreas, along with plant-based proteins from food industry by-products (oilcakes, coffee grounds, spent brewer's yeast), were analyzed. Results revealed that snail flour contained the highest protein content at 59.09%, significantly outperforming hepatopancreas flour at 42.26%. Plant-based proteins demonstrated substantial nutritional value, with coffee grounds flour exhibiting a remarkable protein content of 71.8% and spent brewer's yeast flour at 57.9%. Elemental analysis indicated high levels of essential minerals such as magnesium in hepatopancreas flour (5719.10 mg/kg) and calcium in slug flour (48,640.11 mg/kg). However, cadmium levels in hepatopancreas flour (11.45 mg/kg) necessitate caution due to potential health risks. PAH concentrations were low across all samples, with the highest total PAH content observed in hepatopancreas flour at 0.0353 \u00b5g/kg, suggesting minimal risk of PAH-related toxicity. The analysis of plant-based protein sources, particularly oilcakes derived from sunflower, hemp, flax, and pumpkin seeds, revealed that these by-products not only exhibit high protein contents but present a promising avenue for enhancing the nutritional quality of feed. This study underscores the potential of utilizing gastropod and plant-based by-products as sustainable and nutritionally adequate alternatives to conventional feeds in aquaculture, contributing to the EU's environmental sustainability goals.\n\nID: 37884708\nTitle: Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)-a valuable alternative crop for growing in agricultural soils contaminated with heavy metals.\nAbstract: Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a multiuse plant, which has been abundantly studied for phytoremediation purposes in recent years. The majority of experiments were performed in greenhouses with potted plants where hemp showed promising results. Only few studies tested hemp on site in heavy metal-polluted agricultural soil in real environmental conditions and practical assessments of hemp phytoremediation feasibility are lacking. We conducted a comprehensive study using 2 legal industrial hemp varieties (Futura 75 and Tisza) at three differently polluted locations (heavily polluted location, HP; moderately polluted location, MP; and slightly polluted location, SP) in the heavy metal contaminated Celje valley in Slovenia and determined the content of Pb, Zn, and Cd in 5 plant organs/tissues. The yield of each organ/tissue was determined as well to enable us to calculate the phytoremediation potential (PP). On average, plants grown in the HP location accumulated the highest values of all examined elements, followed by plants from the MP location and plants from the SP location, showing that the content of heavy metals in soil influences the accumulation in plants. Accumulation of Pb/Zn/Cd by plant organs/tissues was distributed in the following order: inflorescences (Pb-4.10/Zn-92.8/Cd-0.50 mg/kg) > seeds (Pb-1.79/Zn-92.6/Cd-0.27 mg/kg) > roots (Pb-1.15/Zn-15.0/Cd-0.44 mg/kg) > stem bark (Pb-0.42/Zn-12.4/Cd-0.23 mg/kg) > stem woody core (Pb-0.34/Zn-4.6/Cd-0.15 mg/kg). The only exception was for Cd, where roots accumulated a higher value than seed, yet lower than inflorescences. PP was calculated by multiplying hemp tissue/organ yield by the relative concentrations of heavy metal. The highest PP for Pb and Cd were achieved at the HP location (3.80 and 0.23 g/ha/vegetation period). On the other hand, tissue/organ yield was more important for high PP of Zn, where the SP location reached the highest PP for Zn (148.5 g/ha/vegetation period) due to the highest yields. Only seeds from HP and MP locations accumulated a too high content of Pb; otherwise, all other fibers and seeds can be safely used in the textile and food industry. Results of this study showed that hemp cannot be considered an efficient plant for the phytomanagement of contaminated areas. Nevertheless, hemp cultivation in heavy metal-polluted agricultural soils seems feasible since the majority of tissues/organs were not contaminated and different products can be obtained from various parts of the hemp plant.\n\nID: 37747406\nTitle: Untested, Unsafe? Cannabis Users Show Higher Lead and Cadmium Levels.\nAbstract: [Figure: see text]\n\nID: 37597288\nTitle: Ultrasonic treatment alleviated cadmium stress in sugarcane via improving antioxidant activity and physiological and biochemical status.\nAbstract: Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic element that endangers crop growth and affects food safety and human health. Therefore, the study of Cd mitigation technology is important. Ultrasonic treatment can improve crop growth and enhance their ability to resist various abiotic stresses. In this study, the effect of ultrasonic treatment on alleviating sugarcane Cd stress was studied in a barrel experiment using sugarcane varieties 'ROC22' and 'LC05-136' as test materials. Sugarcane buds without ultrasonic treatment and with ultrasonic treatment (20-40\u00a0kHz mixed frequency ultrasound for 2\u00a0min, dry treatment) were planted in soil with Cd contents of 0, 50, 100, 250, and 500\u00a0mg\u00b7kg-1. Compared with non-ultrasonic treatment, Ultrasonic treatment significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes in sugarcane, significantly increased the content of osmoregulation substances, significantly reduced the content of superoxide anion (the highest decreases reached 11.55%) and malondialdehyde (the highest decreases reached 20.59%), and significantly increased the expression level of metallothionein (MT)-related genes, with the expression of ScMT1 increased by 8.80-37.49% and the expression of ScMT2-1-5 increased by 1.55-69.33%. In addition, ultrasonic treatment significantly reduced the Cd contents in sugarcane roots, stems, leaves, bagasse, and juice (the highest reduction in Cd content was 49.18%). In general, ultrasonic treatment regulated the metabolism of reactive oxygen species and MT-related gene expression in sugarcane, increased the Cd tolerance of sugarcane, promoted photosynthesis in sugarcane leaves, improved root morphology, enhanced sugarcane growth, and increased cane and sugar yield.\n\nID: 37324677\nTitle: Cadmium exposure is associated with increased transcript abundance of multiple heavy metal associated transporter genes in roots of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.).\nAbstract: Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has demonstrated promise for phytoremediation due to an extensive root system, large biomass, and ability to survive under relatively high levels of heavy metals. However, little research has been conducted to determine the impact of heavy metal uptake in hemp grown for medicinal use. This study evaluated the potential for cadmium (Cd) uptake and its impact on growth, physiological responses, and transcript expression of metal transporter genes in a hemp variety grown for flower production. The cultivar 'Purple Tiger' was exposed to 0, 2.5, 10, and 25 mg\u00b7L-1 Cd in a greenhouse hydroponic study in two independent experiments. Plants exposed to 25 mg\u00b7L-1 Cd displayed stunted plant growth characteristics, reduced photochemical efficiency, and premature senescence suggesting Cd toxicity. At the two lower concentrations of Cd (2.5 and 10 mg\u00b7L-1 Cd), plant height, biomass, and photochemical efficiency were not affected, with chlorophyll content index (CCI) being slightly lower at 10 mg\u00b7L-1 Cd, compared to 2.5 mg\u00b7L-1 Cd. There were no consistent differences between the two experiments in total cannabidiol (CDB) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations in flower tissues at 2.5 and 10 mg\u00b7L-1 Cd, compared to the control treatment. Root tissue accumulated the highest amount of Cd compared to other tissues for all the Cd treatments, suggesting preferential root sequestration of this heavy metal in hemp. Transcript abundance analysis of heavy metal-associated (HMA) transporter genes suggested that all seven members of this gene family are expressed in hemp, albeit with higher expression in the roots than in the leaves. In roots, CsHMA3 was up-regulated at 45 and 68\u00a0d after treatment (DAT), and CsHMA1, CsHMA4, and CsHMA5 were upregulated only under long term Cd stress at 68 DAT, at 10 mg\u00b7L-1 Cd. Results suggest that expression of multiple HMA transporter genes in the root tissue may be upregulated in hemp exposed to 10 mg\u00b7L-1 Cd in a nutrient solution. These transporters could be involved in Cd uptake in the roots via regulating its transport and sequestration, and xylem loading for long distance transport of Cd to shoot, leaf, and flower tissues.\n\nID: 37228460\nTitle: Hygrothermal monitoring of replacement infill panels for historic timber-frame buildings: initial findings.\nAbstract: Energy retrofits aim to improve the thermal performance of buildings' external envelopes. With buildings of traditional construction there exists the risk that these improvements may lead to interstitial condensation and moisture accumulation. For historic timber-framed buildings, this potentially exposes the embedded historic timbers to conditions favouring fungal decay and insect infestation. Hygrothermal digital simulations can assess this risk, but these have limitations, especially regarding the study of historic and traditional materials, due to a lack of accurate material data. The research presented in this paper therefore uses the monitoring of physical test panels to examine the performance of four different infill solutions. These are, traditional wattle and daub, a composite of wood fibre and wood wool boards, expanded cork board, and hempcrete. The article focuses on the design and construction of the test cell and presents initial results from the first year of monitoring, following the initial drying phase. These showed no evidence of interstitial condensation in any of the panel build-ups, with increases in moisture content correlating directly with climatic measurements of wind-driven rain. Infill materials with low moisture permeability were seen to produce higher moisture contents at the interface with the external render due to the concentration of moisture at this point. Those panels finished in the more moisture permeable lime-hemp plaster, overall present lower moisture contents, with reduced drying times. The use of perimeter, non-moisture permeable, sealants would appear to potentially trap moisture at the junction between infill and historic timber-frame. The monitoring work is ongoing.\n\nID: 37080470\nTitle: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence the uptake of cadmium in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.).\nAbstract: Phytoremediation is currently a more environmentally friendly and economical measure for the remediation of cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil. Heavy metal-resistant plant species, Cannabis sativa L. was inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis to investigate the mechanisms of mycorrhizal in improving the Cd remediation ability of C. sativa. The results showed that after inoculation with R. irregularis, C. sativa root Cd contents increased significantly, and leaf Cd enrichment decreased significantly. At the transcriptional level, R. irregularis down-regulated the expression of the ABC transporter family but up-regulated differentially expressed genes regulating low molecular weight organic acids. The levels of malic acid, citric acid, and lactic acid were significantly increased in the rhizosphere soil, and they were significantly and strongly related to oxidizable Cd concentrations. Then citric acid levels were considerably and positively connected to exchangeable Cd concentrations. Our findings revealed that through regulating the movement of root molecules, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus enhanced the heavy metal tolerance of C. sativa even more, meanwhile, they changed the Cd chemical forms by altering the composition of low molecular weight organic acids, which in turn affected soil Cd bioavailability.\n\nID: 36707893\nTitle: Cannabis-opioid interaction in the treatment of fibromyalgia pain: an open-label, proof of concept study with randomization between treatment groups: cannabis, oxycodone or cannabis/oxycodone combination-the SPIRAL study.\nAbstract: Opioids continue to be widely prescribed for chronic noncancer pain, despite the awareness that opioids provide only short-time pain relief, lead to dose accumulation, have numerous adverse effects, and are difficult to wean. As an alternative, we previously showed advantages of using pharmaceutical-grade cannabis in a population of chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia. It remains unknown whether combining an opioid with pharmaceutical-grade cannabis has advantages, such as fewer side effects from lesser opioid consumption in chronic pain. Trial design: a single-center, randomized, three-arm, open-label, exploratory trial. Trial population: 60 patients with fibromyalgia according to the 2010 definition of the American College of Rheumatologists. Patients will be randomized to receive up to 4 daily 5\u00a0mg oral oxycodone sustained release (SR) tablet, up to 5 times 150\u00a0mg inhaled cannabis (Bediol\u00ae, containing 6.3% \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol and 8% cannabidiol), or the combination of both treatments. Treatment is aimed at self-titration with the daily maximum doses given. Treatment will continue for 6\u00a0weeks, after which there is a 6-week follow-up period. Main trial endpoint: The number of side effects observed during the course of treatment using a composite adverse effect score that includes the following 10 symptoms: dizziness (when getting up), sleepiness, insomnia, headache, nausea, vomiting, constipation, drug high, hallucinations, and paranoia. Secondary and tertiary endpoints include pain relief and number of oxycodone doses and cannabis inhalations. The trial is designed to determine whether self-titration of oxycodone and cannabis will reduce side effects in chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia. TRIAL REGISTRATION {2A AND 2B}: EU trial register 2019-001861-33, URL https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu , on July 17, 2019; World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Research Platform NL7902, URL https://trialsearch.who.int , on July 26, 2019.\n\nID: 36637648\nTitle: Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) field cultivation in a phytoattenuation strategy and valorization potential of the fibers for textile production.\nAbstract: This paper evaluates the valorization potential of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) fibers produced on HM-contaminated soil as a safe feedstock for the textile industry. The chosen strategy was phytoattenuation, which combines the progressive soil quality improvement of contaminated land using phytoremediation techniques with the production of safe non-food biomass. A field experiment was set up with two hemp cultivars on a site contaminated with Cd, Pb, and Zn and on a nearby site containing clean soil as a control. Stem height and diameter were analyzed, as well as stem and fiber yield and the HM concentrations in the fibers, which were compared to legal safety standards and toxicity thresholds used in the textile industry. The hemp cultivar Carmagnola Selected (CS) had a significantly higher stem and bigger stem diameter compared to cultivar USO 31 on both sites. Stem yields showed a decrease of 30% and 50%, respectively, for both hemp cultivars grown on the contaminated site. However, the stem yield of CS growing on the contaminated site was similar to the stem yield of USO 31 growing on the control site, indicating that hemp cultivation on contaminated soil can be economically viable. Total and extractable Cd, Pb, and Zn fiber concentrations were far below the toxicity standards for textile production purposes. These results are promising in terms of the potential valorization of contaminated land with hemp cultivation and the development of a non-food value chain within a phytoattenuation strategy.\n\nID: 36448248\nTitle: Cadmium-resistant Streptomyces stimulates phytoextraction potential of Crotalaria juncea L. in cadmium-polluted soil.\nAbstract: This work evaluated the competence of two strains of cadmium (Cd)-resistant Streptomyces, namely Streptomyces rapamycinicus K5PN1, an indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) producer, and Streptomyces cyaneus 11-10SHTh, a siderophore producer on promoting Cd phytoextraction by sunn hemp. The results showed that S. rapamycinicus improved root elongation of sunn hemp seedlings under Cd stress conditions. S. rapamycinicus and S. cyaneus were colonized on the root surface of sunn hemp at concentrations of 2.3\u2009\u00d7\u2009104 and 6.4\u2009\u00d7\u2009103 CFU g-1 root fresh weight, respectively. The results of pot-culture experiments showed that S. rapamycinicus increased the root and shoot lengths, and dry biomass of sunn hemp planted in high Cd-contaminated soil. The Cd concentration in the leaves of sunn hemp inoculated with S. cyaneus (73.82\u2009\u00b1\u20092.20\u2009mg kg-1 plant dry wt) was higher than that of plants with S. rapamycinicus inoculation and the uninoculated control. The phytoextraction of Cd by sunn hemp was significantly increased with Cd-resistant Streptomyces inoculation. In conclusion, both strains of Cd-resistant Streptomyces had potential on enhancing Cd phytoextraction efficiency of sunn hemp. Our study suggests the application of Cd-resistant Streptomyces can improve Cd phytoextraction by sunn hemp for restoration of Cd-polluted sites. Our study demonstrated the potential of two strains of Cd-resistant Streptomyces to stimulate Cd phytoextraction from soil by sunn hemp. Cadmium-resistant Streptomyces strongly stimulated Cd uptake and accumulation in sunn hemp planted in high level of Cd-polluted soil, supporting sunn hemp to be a superior Cd accumulator.\n\nID: 36181931\nTitle: Rhizophagus irregularis enhances tolerance to cadmium stress by altering host plant hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) photosynthetic properties.\nAbstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widespread and specialized soil symbiotic fungi, and the establishment of their symbiotic system is of great importance for adversity adaptation. To reveal the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of AMF-crop symbionts in response to heavy metal stress, this experiment investigated the effects of Rhizophagus irregularis (Ri) inoculation on the growth, photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) at a Cd concentration of 80\u00a0mg/kg. The results showed that (1) under Cd stress, the biomass of each plant structure in the Ri treatment was significantly higher than that in the noninoculation treatment (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05); (2) under Cd stress, the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, PSII efficiency, apparent electron transport rate and photochemical quenching coefficient of the Ri inoculation group reached a maximum, with increases ranging from 1% to 28%; (3) inoculation of Ri significantly reduced Cd enrichment in leaves, which in turn significantly increased the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, electron transfer rate, net photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic intensity, protecting PSII (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05); and (4) by measuring the light response curves of different treatments, the light saturation points of hemp inoculated with the Ri treatment reached 1448.4\u00a0\u03bcmol/m2/s, and the optical compensation point reached 24.0\u00a0\u03bcmol/m2/s under Cd stress. The Ri-hemp symbiont demonstrated high adaptability to weak light and high utilization efficiency of strong light under Cd stress. Our study showed that Ri-hemp symbiosis improves adaptation to Cd stress and promotes plant growth by regulating the photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of plants. The Ri-hemp symbiosis is a promising technology for improving the productivity of Cd-contaminated soil.\n\nID: 36145765\nTitle: Proanthocyanidins Alleviate Cadmium Stress in Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.).\nAbstract: Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), an annual herbaceous cash crop, is widely used for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils due to its short growth cycle, high tolerance, high biomass, and lack of susceptibility to transfer heavy metals into the human food chain. In this study, a significant increase in proanthocyanidins was found in Yunnan hemp no. 1 after cadmium stress. Proanthocyanidins are presumed to be a key secondary metabolite for cadmium stress mitigation. Therefore, to investigate the effect of proanthocyanidins on industrial hemp under cadmium stress, four experimental treatments were set up: normal environment, cadmium stress, proanthocyanidin treatment, and cadmium stress after pretreatment with proanthocyanidins. The phenotypes from the different treatments were compared. The experimental results showed that pretreatment with proanthocyanidins significantly alleviated cadmium toxicity in industrial hemp. The transcriptome and metabolome of industrial hemp were evaluated in the different treatments. Proanthocyanidin treatment and cadmium stress in industrial hemp mainly affected gene expression in metabolic pathways associated with glutathione metabolism, phenylpropanoids, and photosynthesis, which in turn altered the metabolite content in metabolic pathways of phenylalanine, vitamin metabolism, and carotenoid synthesis. The combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed that proanthocyanidins mitigated cadmium toxicity by enhancing photosynthesis, secondary metabolite synthesis, and antioxidant synthesis. In addition, exogenous proanthocyanidins and cadmium ions acted simultaneously on EDS1 to induce the production of large amounts of salicylic acid in the plant. Finally, overexpression of CsANR and CsLAR, key genes for proanthocyanidins synthesis in industrial hemp, was established in Arabidopsis plants. The corresponding plants were subjected to cadmium stress, and the results showed that CsLAR transgenic plants were more tolerant to cadmium than the CsANR transgenic and wild-type Arabidopsis plants. The results showed that salicylic acid and jasmonic acid were increased in Arabidopsis overexpressing CsLAR compared to AT wild-type Arabidopsis, and levels of secondary metabolites were significantly higher in Arabidopsis overexpressing CsLAR than in AT wild-type Arabidopsis. These results revealed how proanthocyanidins alleviated cadmium stress and laid the foundation for breeding industrial hemp varieties with higher levels of proanthocyanidins and greater tolerance.\n\nID: 35970642\nTitle: [Sleepiness among adolescents: etiology and multiple consequences].\nAbstract: Over the past century a dramatic decline in sleep duration among adolescents, such as more than one hour of sleep loss per night, has been reported. A debt in sleep duration could lead to sleep deprivation, a major risk factor associated with daytime sleepiness. Sleepiness refers to the inability to maintain an adequate level of alertness during the day which may result in more or less being able to control falling asleep at inappropriate times. This literature review updates on sleepiness regarding its characteristics, etiology and consequences on adolescents. Studies revealed that from 25\u00a0% to 78\u00a0% of adolescents had reported sleepiness. Its manifestations may include heavy lids, yawns, difficulties to concentrate and emotional irritability. In addition, while it is recommended that adolescents under 18\u00a0years-old should sleep from eight to ten hours a night, only 63\u00a0% of them actually do so. The etiology of sleep deprivation and sleepiness in this population can be explained by various biological and societal factors. First, the sleep-wake cycle of adolescents shows a biological shift from the beginning of pubertal maturation, described as a perfect storm. It refers to a social jetlag by going to sleep and waking up later and accumulating a sleep debt during weekdays which they try to reimburse during weekends. This phenomenon can be explained by physiological changes such as a slower accumulation of sleep pressure. In addition to this perfect storm, environmental and societal factors contribute to the social jetlag and reduce sleep duration in adolescents. Screen exposure before bedtime can delay sleep and wake onset, which is a risk factor for sleeping debt. Substance use such as caffeine, cigarettes or electronic vaporizer, ADHD or freely available medication, alcohol, cannabis use or drug consumption could further disrupt sleep-wake cycle by stimulating, depressing or otherwise disrupting the central nervous system. Early, before 8:30\u00a0am, class start times have been associated with chronic sleep deprivation, higher level of sleepiness and delayed melatonin peak secretion. Adolescents working or doing extracurricular occupations for more than 20hours a week are more at risk for reduced sleep duration and sleepiness. Parental supervision about sleep during the weekdays were associated with more appropriate bedtime. Adolescents from low socio-demographic characteristics and from minority ethnic groups have reported displaying a shorter sleep duration. Finally, sleep disorders of a physiological origin such as narcolepsy, sleep apnea or restless legs syndrome, may explain the sleep deprivation and sleepiness. Sleep deprivation and sleepiness in adolescents have consequences on their health. Cognitive functioning, such as problem solving, attention or memory, as well as school performance, can be compromised by sleep deprivation and sleepiness. At the psychological level, adolescents reporting sleepiness are more prone to display mental health problems: associations were found between sleepiness and subjective perception of depression, anxiety, somatic complaints as well as with antisocial behaviors. Finally, 68\u00a0% of 16\u00a0year-old adolescents reported they drove a car, and the reported sleepiness could lead to road accidents due to reduced attentional functioning, reaction time and decision-making abilities. In the United-States, from 7\u00a0% to 16.5\u00a0% of deadly accidents were related to driving while drowsy. Highlighting etiology and problems associated with sleep deprivation and sleepiness in adolescents could guide researchers and clinicians towards the development of possible interventions. Public health measures and knowledge transfer programs regarding modifiable psychosocial and societal factors associated with sleep-wake bioregulation could increase awareness in parents as well as in political and societal decision makers.\n\nID: 35907072\nTitle: Silicon reduces zinc absorption and triggers oxidative tolerance processes without impacting growth in young plants of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.).\nAbstract: Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a promising crop for non-food agricultural production on soils contaminated by moderate doses of heavy metals, while silicon, as a beneficial element, is frequently reported to improve stressed plant behavior. Using a hydroponic system, plants of Cannabis sativa (cv. Santhica 27) were exposed for 1\u00a0week to 100\u00a0\u00b5M Zn in the presence or absence of 2\u00a0mM Si. Zinc accumulated in all plant organs but was mainly sequestered in the roots. Additional Si reduced Zn absorption but had no impact on Zn translocation. Zn accumulation had a slight negative impact on leaf number, stem length, and chlorophyll content, and additional Si did not mitigate these symptoms. Exogenous Si reduced the Zn-induced membrane lipid peroxidation (assessed by malondialdehyde quantification) and increased the total antioxidant activities estimated by the FRAP index. In the absence of Si, leaf phytochelatin and total glutathione were the highest in Zn-treated plants and Si significantly decreased their concentrations.\n\nID: 35458286\nTitle: High-Power Laser Deposition of Chitosan Polymers: Medical and Environmental Applications.\nAbstract: High-power laser irradiation interaction with natural polymers in biocomposites and Laser-Induced Chitin Deacetylation (LICD) was studied in this work, in order to produce thin films consisting of chitosan composite. The new method can lead to a cutting-edge technology, as a response to the concern regarding the accumulation of \"natural biological waste\" and its use. The process consists of high-power laser irradiation applied on oyster shells as the target and deposition of the ablated material on different substrates. The obtained thin films we analyzed by FTIR, UV-VIS and LIF spectroscopy, as well as SEM-EDS and AFM. All the results indicated that chitin was extracted from the shell composite material and converted to chitosan by deacetylation. It was, thus, evidenced that chemical transformation in the chitin polymer side-chain occurs during laser irradiation of the oyster shell and in the resulted plasma plume of ablation. The numerical simulation in COMSOL performed for this study anticipates and confirms the experimental results of chitin deacetylation, also providing information about the conditions required for the physico-chemical processes involved. The high sorption properties of the thin films obtained by a LICD procedure is evidenced in the study. This quality suggests that they should be used in transdermal patch construction due to the known hemostatic and antibacterial effects of chitosan. The resulting composite materials, consisting of the chitosan thin films deposited on hemp fabric, are also suitable for micro-filters in water decontamination or in other filtering processes.\n\nID: 35432436\nTitle: Analysis of WRKY Resistance Gene Family in Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich: Crosstalk Mechanisms of Secondary Cell Wall Thickening and Cadmium Stress.\nAbstract: A total of 60 WRKY family genes of ramie were identified in the ramie. The genes were unevenly distributed across 14 chromosomes in the specie and highly concentrated (72%) in the distal telomeric region. Phylogenetic analysis placed these genes into seven distinct subfamilies groups: I, II (a, b, c, d, e), and III, with group IIc containing only the variant of heptapetide sequence (WRKYGKK). Segmental duplication events (41.7%) was found to be the main driver of BnGWRKY evolution. Thirty eight from among the genes showed collinear relationships with WRKY genes from Arabidopsis thaliana, Cannabis sativa, Oryza sativa, and Zea mays. The number and density of stress and hormone responsives cis-acting elements were comparably higher than other elements, with abundant ARE and rare LTR cis-acting elements indicating the long-standing adaptability of ramie to its natural environment. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of the WRKY target genes revealed their involvement in response to stimuli, immune system processes, transporter protein activity and antioxidant activity. Expression analysis show that most WRKYs were activated by the cadmium stress, more especially the BnGWRKY2, BnGWRKY15, BnGWRKY20, BnGWRKY50 and BnGWRKY58. Combining transcriptome, orthologous gene relationships and qPCR result, we established the possible involvement of BnGWRKY50 and BnGWRKY58 in crosstalk mechanism between secondary cell wall thickening and Cd2+ stress. This provided information into the role of BnGWRKY proteins in ramie secondary wall development and cadmium stress response to, and could serve as basis for improvement of the ramie.\n\nID: 35209003\nTitle: Cannabis sativa Extract Induces Apoptosis in Human Pancreatic 3D Cancer Models: Importance of Major Antioxidant Molecules Present Therein.\nAbstract: In recent years, interest in Cannabis sativa L. has been rising, as legislation is moving in the right direction. This plant has been known and used for thousands of years for its many active ingredients that lead to various therapeutic effects (pain management, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, etc.). In this report, our objective was to optimize a method for the extraction of cannabinoids from a clone of Cannabis sativa L. #138 resulting from an agronomic test (LaFleur, Angers, FR). Thus, we wished to identify compounds with anticancer activity on human pancreatic tumor cell lines. Three static maceration procedures, with different extraction parameters, were compared based on their median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values and cannabinoid extraction yield. As CBD emerged as the molecule responsible for inducing apoptosis in the human pancreatic cancer cell line, a CBD-rich cannabis strain remains attractive for therapeutic applications. Additionally, while gemcitabine, a gold standard drug in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, only triggers cell cycle arrest in G0/G1, CBD also activates the cell signaling cascade to lead to programmed cell death. Our results emphasize the potential of natural products issued from medicinal hemp for pancreatic cancer therapy, as they lead to an accumulation of intracellular superoxide ions, affect the mitochondrial membrane potential, induce G1 cell cycle arrest, and ultimately drive the pancreatic cancer cell to lethal apoptosis.\n\nID: 34954507\nTitle: Determination of contaminants in artisanal cannabis products used for childhood epilepsy in the Australian community: A sub-analysis of the 'PELICAN' study.\nAbstract: Despite recent approval of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis products for the treatment of childhood epilepsy, some families continue to use artisanal cannabis products as a way to manage seizures in their children. However, such products are typically of unknown composition and quality, and may therefore pose an unpredictable health risk to the child. In the present analysis, 78 samples of cannabis products collected (as part of a previous study) from families of children with epilepsy (average age 8.8 \u00b1 4.6\u202fyears) were analyzed for heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury), residual solvents (panel of 19 solvents) and pesticides (panel of 57 pesticides). Due to small sample volumes obtained, only a subset of samples was used in each analysis. Results showed that no cannabis sample exceeded the toxicity limits for heavy metals (n\u202f=\u202f51 samples tested). Of the 58 cannabis samples tested for residual solvents, 17 (29%) contained concentrations of ethanol or isopropanol above the generally accepted limit of 5000 parts per million. With the volumes consumed, it was thought unlikely that children were consuming hazardous amounts of residual solvents, although this could not be ruled out in every case. Most samples (n\u202f=\u202f31 samples tested) yielded inconclusive results for the pesticides, although one sample contained concentrations of bifenthrin that were 4.9 times higher than the acceptable limit. Overall, these results highlight the need for improved access to quality-assured cannabis products and the education of doctors, patients, and artisanal manufacturers around the contaminant exposure risk in unregulated cannabis products.\n\nID: 34951636\nTitle: Determination of Heavy Metals in a Variety of Cannabis and Cannabis-Derived Products, First Action 2021.03.\nAbstract: The legalization of medicinal or recreational marijuana across many states in the United States and other countries has driven demand for cannabis, hemp, and related products. In the absence of federal regulations to ensure the product quality and safety of these products, each state issues its own guidance and sets its own regulations. Like food and pharmaceuticals, cannabis testing should include the analysis of heavy metals, which may be toxic if ingested or inhaled. Based on established methods for the preparation and multi-elemental analysis of plant materials, a range of cannabis and cannabis-related products were prepared for analysis using microwave-assisted acid digestion followed by testing with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The sample preparation procedure was validated by measuring arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) in four plant-based certified reference materials (CRMs). The mean ICP-MS results for As, Cd, Hg, and Pb were in good agreement (85-110%) with the certified concentrations. The accuracy and precision of the ICP-MS method for the determination of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb, as well as other elements, were tested by spiking the various cannabis samples at different concentration levels and determining the spike recoveries. The spike recoveries for As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in all spiked samples met the AOAC Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPR\u00ae) for Determination of Heavy Metals in a Variety of Cannabis and Cannabis-Derived Products (SMPR 2020.001) of 60-115% for low-level spike and 80-115% for mid- and high-level spikes. Microwave-assisted acid digestion and ICP-MS are suitable for trace metal preparation and analysis of cannabis, as well as related products, as shown by the results of this method. The repeatability and recovery results for As, Cd, Hg, and Pb met the method requirement criteria in the AOAC SMPR 2020.001. This method can be used for all stages of production to ensure safety with respect to toxic metals. A wide range of cannabis and hemp samples, from raw materials to finished products, are within scope for analysis using the microwave-assisted acid digestion/ICP-MS method.\n\nID: 34539703\nTitle: Molecular and Biochemical Insights Into Early Responses of Hemp to Cd and Zn Exposure and the Potential Effect of Si on Stress Response.\nAbstract: With the intensification of human activities, plants are more frequently exposed to heavy metals (HM). Zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) are frequently and simultaneously found in contaminated soils, including agronomic soils contaminated by the atmospheric fallout near smelters. The fiber crop Cannabis sativa L. is a suitable alternative to food crops for crop cultivation on these soils. In this study, Cd (20 \u03bcM) and Zn (100 \u03bcM) were shown to induce comparable growth inhibition in C. sativa. To devise agricultural strategies aimed at improving crop yield, the effect of silicon (Si; 2 mM) on the stress tolerance of plants was considered. Targeted gene expression and proteomic analysis were performed on leaves and roots after 1 week of treatment. Both Cd- and Zn-stimulated genes involved in proline biosynthesis [pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR)] and phenylpropanoid pathway [phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)] but Cd also specifically increased the expression of PCS1-1 involved in phytochelatin (PC) synthesis. Si exposure influences the expression of numerous genes in a contrasting way in Cd- and Zn-exposed plants. At the leaf level, the accumulation of 122 proteins was affected by Cd, whereas 47 proteins were affected by Zn: only 16 proteins were affected by both Cd and Zn. The number of proteins affected due to Si exposure (27) alone was by far lower, and 12 were not modified by heavy metal treatment while no common protein seemed to be modified by both CdSi and ZnSi treatment. It is concluded that Cd and Zn had a clear different impact on plant metabolism and that Si confers a specific physiological status to stressed plants, with quite distinct impacts on hemp proteome depending on the considered heavy metal.\n\nID: 33728605\nTitle: Silicon reduces cadmium absorption and increases root-to-shoot translocation without impacting growth in young plants of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) on a short-term basis.\nAbstract: Textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a non-edible multipurpose crop suitable for fiber production and/or phytoremediation on moderately heavy metal-contaminated soils. Experiments were conducted in nutrient solution to assess the short-term impact of silicon (Si), a well-known beneficial element, on plants exposed to 20 \u03bcM cadmium (Cd) in nutrient solution. Cd decreased plant growth and affected photosynthesis through non-stomatal effects. Cd translocation factor was higher than 1, confirming the interest of hemp for phytoextraction purposes. Additional Si did not improve plant growth after 1 week of treatment but decreased Cd accumulation in all organs and improved water use efficiency through a decrease in transpiration rate. Si had only marginal impact on Cd distribution among organs. It increased glutathione and phytochelatin synthesis allowing the plants to efficiently cope with oxidative stress through the improvement of Cd sequestration on thiol groups in the roots. Si may thus have a fast impact on the plant behavior before the occurrence of plant growth stimulation.\n\nID: 33442533\nTitle: Molecular docking study of lignanamides from Cannabis sativa against P-glycoprotein.\nAbstract: P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which was first identified in cancer cells, is an ATP-dependent efflux transporter that expels a wide variety of cytotoxic compounds out of cells. This transporter can decrease the bioavailability of therapeutic drugs by preventing their sufficient intracellular accumulation. Over expression of P-gp in cancer cells lead to multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype that is one of the main reasons for the failure of chemotherapy. Hence, P-gp inhibition is a favorable method to reverse MDR. In this study, the lignanamides from Cannabis sativa were docked against P-gp to recognize potential binding affinities of these phytochemicals. Tariquidar and zosuquidar, two well-known P-gp inhibitors, were selected as the control ligands. It was observed that cannabisin M and cannabisin N exhibited higher binding affinities (-\u00a010.2\u00a0kcal/mol) to drug-binding pocket of P-gp when compared with tariquidar and zosuquidar that showed binding affinities of -\u00a010.1 and -\u00a09.6\u00a0kcal/mol, respectively. Based on these findings, cannabisin M and cannabisin N could be good drug candidates against P-gp.\n\nID: 36654096\nTitle: Cannabigerol and cannabichromene in Cannabis sativa L.\nAbstract: In addition to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), other phytocannabinoids, such as cannabigerol (CBG) and cannabichromene (CBC), also have beneficial effects on human health. A high content of CBG is found in plants with the B0 genotype, whereas CBC is independent of the allelic chemotype locus B. In basic research models such as mice or rats, CBG has demonstrated anticancer properties, particularly against breast cancer. CBG has shown anti-inflammatory effects on murine colitis and on inflammatory bowel disease as well as stimulatory effects on the feeding behaviors of mice. It has also exhibited inhibition of aldose reductase, which is known to cause an accumulation of sorbitol and increase glucose levels in the blood, which may lead to diabetes. Cannabinoid CBC has also shown anti-inflammatory effects and reduced hypermobility in the gut and has displayed potential in vitro effect on adult neural stem progenitor cells. CBC also exerts modest analgesic properties in rodents, as well as anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, pro-apoptotic, and anti-proliferative effects in tumor cells.\n\nID: 32888151\nTitle: Bioaccumulation potential of indigenous plants for heavy metal phytoremediation in rural areas of Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar, Punjab (India).\nAbstract: The present study was planned to explore the bioaccumulation potential of 23 plant species via bioaccumulation factor (BAf), metal accumulation index (MAI), translocation potential (Tf), and comprehensive bioconcentration index (CBCI) for seven heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc). The studied plants, in the vicinity of ponds at Sahlon: site 1, Chahal Khurd: site 2, and Karnana: site 3 in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar, Punjab (India), were Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L., Amaranthus spinosus L., Amaranthus viridis L., Brassica napus L., Cannabis sativa L., Dalbergia sissoo DC., Duranta repens L., Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants, Ficus infectoria Roxb., Ficus palmata Forssk., Ficus religiosa L., Ipomoea carnea Jacq., Medicago polymorpha L., Melia azedarach L., Morus indica L., Malva rotundifolia L., Panicum virgatum L., Parthenium hysterophorus L., Dolichos lablab L., Ricinus communis L., Rumex dentatus L., Senna occidentalis (L.) Link, and Solanum nigrum L. BAf and Tf values showed high inter-site deviations for studied metals. MAI values were found to be more substantial in shoots as compared with that of roots of plants. Maximum CBCI values were observed for M. azedarach (0.626), M. indica (0.572), D. sissoo (0.497), and R. communis (0.474) for site 1; F. infectoria (0.629), R. communis (0.541), D. sissoo (0.483), F. palmata (0.457), and D. repens (0.448) for site 2; D. sissoo (0.681), F. religiosa (0.447), and R. communis (0.429) for site 3. Although, high bioaccumulation of individual metals was observed in herbs like C. sativa, M. polymorpha, and Amaranthus spp., cumulatively, trees were found to be the better bioaccumulators of heavy metals.\n\nID: 32762830\nTitle: Cannabis and the Gastrointestinal Tract.\nAbstract: Cannabis has been used for its medicinal purposes since ancient times. Its consumption leads to the activation of Cannabis receptors CB1 and CB2 that, through specific mechanisms can lead to modulation and progression of inflammation or repair. The novel findings are linked to the medical use of Cannabis in gastrointestinal (GI) system. The objective of the present paper is to elucidate the role of Cannabis consumption in GI system. An additional aim is to review the information on the function of Cannabis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This review summarizes the recent findings on the role of cannabinoid receptors, their synthetic or natural ligands, as well as their metabolizing enzymes in normal GI function and its disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and possible adverse events. The synergism or antagonism between Cannabis' active ingredients and the \"entourage\" plays a role in the efficacy of various strains. Some elements of Cannabis may alter disease severity as over-activation of Cannabis receptors CB1 and CB2 can lead to changes of the commensal gut flora. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) contributes to gut homeostasis. The ability of ECS to modulate inflammatory responses demonstrates the capacity of ECS to preserve gastrointestinal (GI) function. Alterations of the ECS may predispose patients to pathologic disorders, including IBD. Clinical studies in IBD demonstrate that subjects benefit from Cannabis consumption as seen through a reduction of the IBD-inflammation, as well as through a decreased need for other medication. NAFLD is characterized by fat accumulation in the liver. The occurrence of inflammation in NAFLD leads to non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis (NASH). The use of Cannabis might reduce liver inflammation. With limited evidence of efficacy and safety of Cannabis in IBD, IBS, and NAFLD, randomized controlled studies are required to examine its therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, since long term use of the plant leads to drug use disorders the patients should be followed continuously.\n\nID: 32226852\nTitle: Green and Chemical Syntheses of CdO NPs: A Comparative Study for Yield Attributes, Biological Characteristics, and Toxicity Concerns.\nAbstract: Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have enormous applications due to their remarkable physical and chemical properties. The synthesis of NPs has been a matter of concern because chemical methods are toxic. On the contrary, biological methods are considered eco-friendly. To compare the toxicity and the environment-friendly nature of the synthesis methodologies, cadmium NPs were synthesized through chemical (Ch) (co-precipitation) and biological (plant extracts as reducing agent) methods. Cadmium nitrate was reduced with NaOH, while in the biological method, the Cd ions were reduced by Artemisia scoparia (As) and Cannabis sativa (Cs) extracts. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the pure single-phase cubic structure of green and chemically synthesized CdO NPs except As-CdO NPs that were crystalline cum amorphous in nature. The size of nanoparticles was 84 nm (Cs-CdO NPs) and 42.2 nm (Ch-CdO NPs). The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images exhibited an irregular disklike morphology of nanoparticles that agglomerated more in the case of green synthesis. The antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of NPs revealed that chemically synthesized NPs have better antimicrobial capability, while the antioxidative activities were better for green-synthesized NPs. However, the low yield, high ion disassociation, and waste (unreacted metal) production in the green synthesis of CdO NPs increase the risk of contamination to biosphere. Both types of NPs did not affect the seed germination of Dodonaea viscosa. However, chemically synthesized NPs were less toxic on plant morphological response. The study concludes that the chemically synthesized CdO NPs have better morphology, significant antimicrobial activity, and less toxicity to plant species compared to green-synthesized NPs. Moreover, during the green synthesis, unreacted metals are drained, which causes contamination to the ecosystem.\n\nID: 32194509\nTitle: Phytocannabinoids: Useful Drugs for the Treatment of Obesity? Special Focus on Cannabidiol.\nAbstract: Currently, an increasing number of diseases related to insulin resistance and obesity is an alarming problem worldwide. It is well-known that the above states can lead to the development of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. An excessive amount of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in a diet also evokes adipocyte hyperplasia and subsequent accumulation of lipids in peripheral organs (liver, cardiac muscle). Therefore, new therapeutic methods are constantly sought for the prevention, treatment and alleviation of symptoms of the above mentioned diseases. Currently, much attention is paid to Cannabis derivatives-phytocannabinoids, which interact with the endocannabinoid system (ECS) constituents. \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the most abundant compounds of Cannabis plants and their therapeutic application has been suggested. CBD is considered as a potential therapeutic agent due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, neuroprotective, and potential anti-obesity properties. Therefore, in this review, we especially highlight pharmacological properties of CBD as well as its impact on obesity in different tissues.\n\nID: 31718076\nTitle: Cannabidiol Protects Dopaminergic Neuronal Cells from Cadmium.\nAbstract: The protective effect of cannabidiol (CBD), the non-psychoactive component of Cannabis sativa, against neuronal toxicity induced by cadmium chloride (CdCl2 10 \u03bcM) was investigated in a retinoic acid (RA)-differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. CBD (1 \u03bcM) was applied 24 h before and removed during cadmium (Cd) treatment. In differentiated neuronal cells, CBD significantly reduced the Cd-dependent decrease of cell viability, and the rapid reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase. CBD significantly prevented the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (GRP78 increase) and the subcellular distribution of the cytochrome C, as well as the overexpression of the pro-apoptotic protein BAX. Immunocytochemical analysis as well as quantitative protein evaluation by western blotting revealed that CBD partially counteracted the depletion of the growth associated protein 43 (GAP43) and of the neuronal specific class III \u03b2-tubulin (\u03b23 tubulin) induced by Cd treatment. These data showed that Cd-induced neuronal injury was ameliorated by CBD treatment and it was concluded that CBD may represent a potential option to protect neuronal cells from the detrimental effects of Cd toxicity.\n\nID: 31545186\nTitle: Growth stage and molybdenum treatment affect cadmium accumulation, antioxidant defence and chlorophyll contents in Cannabis sativa plant.\nAbstract: Cadmium (Cd) uptake and accumulation in plant tissues is affected by physiological stage of a plant and presence of mineral nutrients in soil. We investigate the effect of micronutrient Mo (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0\u202fppm) on biomass, Cd accumulation, photosynthetic pigments and endogenous phenolics and soluble proline in Cannabis sativa plant grown in 25 and 50\u202fppm Cd polluted soil. Molybdenum was applied as seed soaking and soil addition treatments. The plants were harvested in two stages i.e. vegetative (6 weeks) and reproductive stages (12 weeks). It was found that seed soaking treatment of 1.0\u202fppm Mo most significantly increased biomass, Cd accumulation (1.76\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.19\u202fmg Cd/DBM) and phenolics (104.5\u202f\u00b1\u202f4.46\u202fppm) concentration in the plant tissues. Molybdenum treatments highly increased Cd bio-concentration at reproductive stage as compared to vegetative stage in plants grown in 50\u202fppm Cd polluted soil. Translocation of Cd from roots into leaves was significantly increased by Mo treatments at reproductive stage as compared to vegetative stage. Strong inter-correlations existed between total phenolics, Cd accumulation, dry biomass and chlorophyll contents of the plant.\n\nID: 31465423\nTitle: Enhanced tolerance of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants on abandoned mine land soil leads to overexpression of cannabinoids.\nAbstract: Industrial activities have a detrimental impact on the environment and health when high concentrations of pollutants are released. Phytoremediation is a natural method of utilizing plants to remove contaminants from the soil. The goal of this study was to investigate the ability of Cannabis sativa L. to sustainably grow and remediate abandoned coal mine land soils in Pennsylvania. In this study, six different varieties of industrial hemp (Fedora 17, Felina 32, Ferimon, Futura 75, Santhica 27, and USO 31) were grown on two different contaminated soil types and two commercial soils (Miracle-Gro Potting Mix and PRO-MIX HP Mycorrhizae High Porosity Grower Mix). Plants growing in all soil types were exposed to two environmental conditions (outside and in the greenhouse). Seed germination response and plant height indicated no significant differences among all hemp varieties grown in different soils, however on an average, the height of the plants grown in the greenhouse exceeded that of the plants grown outdoors. In addition, heavy metal analysis of Arsenic, Lead, Nickel, Mercury, and Cadmium was performed. The concentration of Nickel was 2.54 times greater in the leaves of hemp grown in mine land soil outdoors when compared to greenhouse conditions. No differences were found between expression of heavy metal transporter genes. Secondary metabolite analysis of floral buds from hemp grown in mine land soil displayed a significant increase in the total Cannabidiol content (2.16%, 2.58%) when compared to Miracle-Gro control soil (1.08%, 1.6%) for outdoors and in the greenhouse, respectively. Molecular analysis using qRT-PCR indicated an 18-fold increase in the expression of the cannabidiolic acid synthase gene in plants grown on mine land soil. The data indicates a high tolerance to heavy metals as indicated from the physiological and metabolites analysis.\n\nID: 31121980\nTitle: Protein Changes in Response to Lead Stress of Lead-Tolerant and Lead-Sensitive Industrial Hemp Using SWATH Technology.\nAbstract: Hemp is a Pb-tolerant and Pb-accumulating plant and the study of its tolerance mechanisms could facilitate the breeding of hemp with enhanced Pb tolerance and accumulation. In the present study, we took advantage of sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH) technology to study the difference in proteomics between the leaves of Pb-tolerant seed-type hemp variety Bamahuoma (BM) and the Pb-sensitive fiber-type hemp variety Yunma 1 (Y1) under Pb stress (3 g/kg soil). A total of 63 and 372 proteins differentially expressed under Pb stress relative to control conditions were identified with liquid chromatography electro spray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in BM and Y1, respectively; with each of these proteins being classified into 14 categories. Hemp adapted to Pb stress by: accelerating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolism; enhancing respiration, light absorption and light energy transfer; promoting assimilation of intercellular nitrogen (N) and carbon (C); eliminating reactive oxygen species; regulating stomatal development and closure; improving exchange of water and CO2 in leaves; promoting intercellular transport; preventing aggregation of unfolded proteins; degrading misfolded proteins; and increasing the transmembrane transport of ATP in chloroplasts. Our results provide an important reference protein and gene information for future molecular studies into the resistance and accumulation of Pb in hemp.\n\nID: 31081965\nTitle: The effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on Kr\u00fcppel-like factor-4 expression, redox homeostasis, and inflammation in the kidney of diabetic rat.\nAbstract: Diabetes mellitus is a complex, multifactorial disorder that is attributed to pancreatic \u03b2 cell dysfunction. Pancreatic \u03b2 cell dysfunction results in declining utilization of glucose by peripheral tissues as kidney and it leads to nephropathy. Excessive production and accumulation of free radicals and incapable antioxidant defense system lead to impaired redox status. Macromolecular damage may occur due to impaired redox status and also immune imbalance. \u03949-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main active ingredient in cannabis. THC acts as an immunomodulator and an antioxidant agent. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of THC in the diabetic kidney. We analyzed macromolecular damage biomarkers as protein carbonyl (PCO), lipid hydroperoxide (LHP), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and antioxidant defense system biomarkers as thiol fractions (T-SH, NP-SH, P-SH) and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase activity for the antioxidative effects of THC. Furthermore, mRNA expression of Kr\u00fcppel-like factor-4, secreted immunopositive cell number changes of interleukin-6, nuclear factor \u03ba\u03b2 (NF-\u03ba\u03b2), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 and tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) levels were analyzed for the immunomodulatory activity of THC. Diabetic rats showed significantly increased levels of PCO, LHP, MDA, and 8-OHdG when compared with controls (P\u2009<\u20090.05 for each parameter). THC significantly reduced the elevated levels of PCO and 8-OHdG (P\u2009<\u20090.05 for both parameters) and also LHP and MDA levels were insignificantly reduced by THC. Also, thiol fractions insignificantly increased in THC administered diabetic kidney when compared with diabetic rats. The NF-\u03ba\u03b2 cell number significantly decreased in the diabetic rats treated with THC compared with the diabetic group. According to our data, THC has ameliorative effects on the impaired redox status of diabetic kidney and also it acts as an immunomodulator. Therefore, THC might be used as a therapeutic agent for diabetic kidneys but its usage in the healthy kidney may show adverse effects.\n\nID: 30852326\nTitle: Perioperative care of cannabis users: A comprehensive review of pharmacological and anesthetic considerations.\nAbstract: According to the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, marijuana continues to be the most common illicit recreational drug used in the US. Cannabis is associated with systemic reactions that potentially affect perioperative outcomes. We have reviewed the most important pharmacological aspects and pathophysiological effects that should be considered during the perioperative management of chronic cannabis/cannabinoids users. The synthetic analogues provide higher potency with increased risk for complications. High cannabinoid liposolubility favors rapid accumulation in fatty tissue which prolongs its elimination up to several days after exposure. The multi-systemic effects of cannabinoids and their pharmacological interactions with anesthetic agents may lead to serious consequences. Low doses of cannabinoids have been associated with increased sympathetic response (tachycardia, hypertension and increased contractility) with high levels of norepinephrine detected 30\u202fmin after use. High doses enhance parasympathetic tone leading to dose-dependent bradycardia and hypotension. Severe vascular complications associated with cannabis exposure may include malignant arrhythmias, coronary spasm, sudden death, cerebral hypoperfusion and stroke. Bronchial hyperreactivity and upper airway obstruction are commonly reported in cannabis users. Postoperative hypothermia, shivering and increased platelet aggregation have been also documented.\n\nID: 30817935\nTitle: Supraphysiologic-dose anabolic-androgenic steroid use: A risk factor for dementia?\nAbstract: Supraphysiologic-dose anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use is associated with physiologic, cognitive, and brain abnormalities similar to those found in people at risk for developing Alzheimer's Disease and its related dementias (AD/ADRD), which are associated with high brain \u03b2-amyloid (A\u03b2) and hyperphosphorylated tau (tau-P) protein levels. Supraphysiologic-dose AAS induces androgen abnormalities and excess oxidative stress, which have been linked to increased and decreased expression or activity of proteins that synthesize and eliminate, respectively, A\u03b2 and tau-P. A\u03b2 and tau-P accumulation may begin soon after initiating supraphysiologic-dose AAS use, which typically occurs in the early 20s, and their accumulation may be accelerated by other psychoactive substance use, which is common among non-medical AAS users. Accordingly, the widespread use of supraphysiologic-dose AAS may increase the numbers of people who develop dementia. Early diagnosis and correction of sex-steroid level abnormalities and excess oxidative stress could attenuate risk for developing AD/ADRD in supraphysiologic-dose AAS users, in people with other substance use disorders, and in people with low sex-steroid levels or excess oxidative stress associated with aging.\n\nID: 41650924\nTitle: Non-invasive detection of gastric cancer biomarker 4-HBA via a ZIF/CDs-based fluorescent sensor.\nAbstract: Urine analysis has become an increasingly valuable tool in modern medical diagnostics due to its non-invasive nature. In this study, we report the development of a novel fluorescent sensor based on ZIF-8 and CDs embedded in a molecularly imprinted polymer matrix (ZIF/CDs@MIPs) for the selective and sensitive detection of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), a potential gastric cancer biomarker. The integration of ZIF-8 enhanced the sensor's surface area, structural stability, and fluorescence performance. Optimization experiments revealed that a ZIF-8 concentration of 400\u00a0mg/L yielded the highest quenching efficiency. The sensor exhibited excellent fluorescence stability under varying pH, ionic strength, and UV exposure. A detailed analysis of the quenching mechanism indicated that dynamic quenching and electron transfer were involved in 4-HBA detection. The sensor showed strong selectivity for 4-HBA over common interferents, with a low detection limit of 0.68\u00a0\u03bcmol/L and a good linear response in the 0-100\u00a0\u03bcmol/L range. Application in real urine samples demonstrated high recovery rates (97.71-106.16%) and low relative standard deviations (0.80-2.95%), confirming its reliability and accuracy. These findings highlight the potential of ZIF/CDs@MIPs as a practical and non-invasive fluorescence sensing platform for biomarker monitoring in clinical diagnostics, especially for early gastric cancer detection.\n\nID: 41614606\nTitle: Field-grown hemp treated with humic/fulvic acids and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for phytomanaging a metal-contaminated agricultural soil.\nAbstract: Industrial hemp offers several advantages for phytomanaging metal(loid)-contaminated soils as it can provide valuable biomass notably for bioenergy while accumulating some metals (i.e., Cd and Zn) in its shoots. In a previous pot study humic/fulvic acids (HFA) incorporated into the soil with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhanced hemp growth. This study assessed the biostimulant effect of HFA, alone or paired with AMF (HFAxAMF), on the shoot yield and shoot Cd, Pb and Zn uptakes in a 2-year field trial in view of producing clean, renewable liquid biofuels. The trial (0.07\u2009ha) was carried out at a contaminated agricultural field in a randomized split-plot design (nine blocks). Cannabis sativa L. was sown at a density of 173 000 plants ha-1. Effects of HFA and HFAxAMF treatments on the behavior of metals and plants were compared to an unamended one. Hemp produced on average 10.7 (year 1)-14.5 (year 2) t DW ha-1 despite a severe drought in year 1. Neither HFA nor HFAxAMF treatments enhanced shoot yield. Shoot Cd, Pb and Zn uptakes reached 9.9, 230, and 869\u2009g ha-1\u2009year-1, respectively. In year 2, shoot Cd uptake improved under all treatments and the 0.01\u2009M Ca(NO3)2-extractable soil Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations at harvest decreased by 95, 79 and 96%, respectively. Hemp was a relevant plant species for phytomanaging this metal-contaminated soil under current climatic constraints. The potential bioethanol yield was estimated in the 3851-6481\u2009L ha-1 range. Overall, hemp can simultaneously reduce soil metal availability while producing a biomass convertible into liquid biofuels. This highlights its strong potential as a dual-purpose crop for sustainable and progressive phytoremediation and renewable energy production. This study investigates the effects of humic/fulvic acids (HFA), applied alone or paired with AMF (HFAxAMF) on Cd, Pb and Zn uptake by hemp shoots and shoot yield in a 2-year field trial. The work aimed at producing a biomass usable for renewable liquid biofuels, while using hemp for managing contaminated soils under current climatic conditions in the vicinity of the former Metaleurop smelter.\n\nID: 41164120\nTitle: A comparative study of Cannabis sativa L. and Eleusine indica L. and their culturable rhizospheric bacterial communities in mitigating complex organometallic pollutants of distillery sludge for eco-restoration.\nAbstract: The sludge discharged from distilleries is known for potential health risks due to containing organic pollutants with mutagenic and Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) properties. The study examined the comparative phytoremediation efficacy of two potential plant species, i.e., Cannabis sativa L. and Eleusine indica L., growing on sugarcane treacle-based distillery sludge, a major source of complex organometallic pollutants. The fresh sludge analysis showed high concentrations of Iron (2356.4\u2009 \u00b1 0.181\u00a0mg\u00a0kg-1), Copper (856.76 \u00b1 0.022\u00a0mg\u00a0kg-1) Manganese (198.32 \u00b1 0.010\u00a0mg\u00a0kg-1) Magnesium (342.8 \u00b1 0.462\u00a0mg\u00a0kg-1) Calcium (359.7\u2009 \u00b1 0.617\u00a0mg\u00a0kg-1) with other physicochemical parameters. Further, the analysis of fresh sludge through GC-MS technique revealed the presence of Thiopene, 2-butyloctanol, Cyclodecasiloxane, Silane, Callitrisic acid, etc. The sludge obtained succeeding the growth of C. sativa and E. indica showed a reduction in physicochemical parameters. GC-MS analysis also confirmed the disappearance of some organic compounds. The potential bacterial species identified for significant Plant Growth Promoting attributes were Bacillus thuringiensis (PP963487), Bacillus cereus (PP963486), Burkholderia cepacia (PP962515) in case of C. sativa, and Pseudomonas putida (PP956925), Bacillus subtilis (PP956913), Achromobacter denitrificans (PP956932) in case of E. indica, using 16S rRNA sequencing. The research findings revealed that,\u00a0C. sativa was found more efficient than E. indica in contaminant degradation and metal accumulation. The findings underscore the intricate role of C. sativa and E. indica and their culturable rhizobacteria during the remediation of distillery sludge-contaminated sites. This has given strong evidence of the bacterial-assisted phytoremediation process as a green technology for the eco-restoration of polluted sites for sustainable development. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-025-01619-w.\n\nID: 38692366\nTitle: Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) can utilize and remediate soil strongly contaminated with Cu, As, Cd, and Pb by phytoattenuation.\nAbstract: Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has great application potential in heavy metal-polluted soils owing to its safe non-food utilization. However, the fate of heavy metals in different varieties of hemp planted in strongly contaminated natural soils remains unknown. Here, we investigated the growth, heavy metal uptake, distribution, and transfer of nine hemp varieties in soils strongly contaminated with Cu, As, Cd, and Pb. Hemp variety and metal type were the main factors affecting the growth and heavy metal uptake in hemp. The nine hemp varieties grew well in the contaminated soils; however, differences existed among the varieties. The biomass of Z3 reached 5669.1\u00a0kg\u00a0hm-1, whereas that of Yunma No. 1 was only 51.8 % of Z3. The plant height, stalk diameter, and stalk bark thickness of Z3 were greater than those of the other varieties, reaching 168\u00a0cm, 9.2\u00a0mm, and 0.56\u00a0mm, respectively. Permanova's analysis revealed that the total effects of Cu, As, Cd, and Pb on the growth of the nine hemp varieties reached 60 %, with leaf As having the greatest effect, reaching 16 %. , Even in strongly contaminated soils, the nine varieties showed poor Cu, As, Cd, and Pb uptake. Most of the Cu, As, Cd, and Pb were retained in the root, reaching 57.7-72.4, 47.6-64.7, 76.0-92.9, and 70.0-87.8 %, respectively. Overall, the Cu, As, Cd, and Pb uptake of Wanma No.1 was the highest among the nine varieties, whereas that of Guangxi Bama was the lowest. These results indicate that hemp is a viable alternative for phytoattenuation in soils contaminated with heavy metals because of its ability to tolerate and accumulate Cu, As, Cd, and Pb in its roots, and Guangxi Bama is superior to the other varieties considering the safe utilization of hemp products.\n\nID: 38135075\nTitle: Plant testing with hemp and miscanthus to assess phytomanagement options including biostimulants and mycorrhizae on a metal-contaminated soil to provide biomass for sustainable biofuel production.\nAbstract: The need of biofuels from biomass, including sustainable aviation fuel, without using agricultural land dedicated to food crops, is in constant demand. Strategies to intensify biomass production using mycorrhizal fungi, biostimulants and their combinations could be solutions for improving the cultivation of lignocellulosic plants but still lack well-established validation on metal-contaminated soils. This study aimed to assess the yield of Miscanthus x giganteus J.M. Greef & Deuter and Cannabis sativa L. grown on a metal-contaminated agricultural soil (11\u00a0mg Cd, 536\u00a0mg Pb and 955\u00a0mg Zn kg-1) amended with biostimulants and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and the shoot Cd, Pb and Zn uptake. A pot trial was carried out with soil collected from a field near a former Pb/Zn smelter in France and six treatments: control (C), protein hydrolysate (a mixture of peptides and amino acids, PH), humic/fulvic acids (HFA), arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF), PH combined with AMF (PHxAMF), and HFA combined with AMF (HFAxAMF). Metal concentrations in the soil pore water (SPW), pH and electrical conductivity were measured over time. Miscanthus and hemp shoots were harvested on day 90. Both PH and PHxAMF treatments increased SPW Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations (e.g. by 26, 1.9, and 22.9 times for miscanthus and 9.7, 4.7, and 19.3 times for hemp in the PH and PHxAMF treatments as compared to the control one, respectively). This led to phytotoxicity and reduced shoot yield for miscanthus. Conversely, HFA and HFAxAMF treatments decreased SPW Cd and Zn concentrations, increasing shoot yields for hemp and miscanthus. Shoot Cd, Pb, and Zn uptakes peaked for PH and PHxAMF hemp plants (in \u03bcg plant-1, Cd: 310-334, Pb: 34-38, and Zn: 232-309 for PHxAMF and PH, respectively), while lowest values occurred for PH miscanthus plants mainly due to low shoot yield. Overall, this study suggested that humic/fulvic acids can be an effective biostimulant for increasing shoot biomass production in a metal-contaminated soil. These results warrant further investigations of the HFAxAMF in field trials.\n\nID: 37646523\nTitle: Blood and Urinary Metal Levels among Exclusive Marijuana Users in NHANES (2005-2018).\nAbstract: Marijuana is the third most used drug in the world. Because the cannabis plant is a known scavenger of metals, we hypothesized that individuals who use marijuana will have higher metal biomarker levels compared with those who do not use. We combined data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2018) for n=7,254 participants, classified by use: non-marijuana/non-tobacco, exclusive marijuana, exclusive tobacco, and dual marijuana and tobacco use. Five metals were measured in blood and 16 in urine using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; urinary metals were adjusted for urinary creatinine. Participants reporting exclusive marijuana use compared with non-marijuana/non-tobacco use had statistically significantly higher mean cadmium levels in blood [1.22\u03bcg/L (95% CI: 1.11, 1.34); p<0.001] and urine [1.18\u03bcg/g (95% CI: 1.0, 1.31); p=0.004] and statistically significantly higher mean lead levels in blood [1.27\u03bcg/dL (95% CI: 1.07, 1.50); p=0.006] and urine [1.21\u03bcg/g (95% CI: -0.006, 1.50); p=0.058]. Our results suggest marijuana is a source of cadmium and lead exposure. Research regarding cannabis use and cannabis contaminants, particularly metals, should be conducted to address public health concerns related to the growing number of cannabis users. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12074.\n\nID: 37137457\nTitle: Exposure to metals among Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) users in the PATH study: A longitudinal analysis.\nAbstract: Few studies have evaluated Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) in longitudinal studies, as a potential source of metals which may have carcinogenic, neurotoxic, and cardiotoxic effects. We evaluated metal body burden by ENDS use status in a longitudinal population-based national survey. We used the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study wave 1 (2013-2014), wave 2 (2014-2015), and wave 3 (2015-2016) adult data to assess urinary concentrations of seven metals among (1) ENDS only users who never used any nonelectronic tobacco products (n\u00a0=\u00a050), (2) ENDS only users who were former users of any nonelectronic tobacco products (n\u00a0=\u00a0123) and (3) Never users (n\u00a0=\u00a01501) of any tobacco product. Among ENDS only users who never used any nonelectronic tobacco products (n\u00a0=\u00a050), the geometric mean ratios (GMRs) of Cd and Pb were 1.25 (95%CI: 1.09-1.42) and 1.19 (95%CI: 1.05-1.34), respectively, compared to never users after adjustment for PATH Study wave, age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, region, secondhand smoke at home and work, and cannabis and other substance use. After the same adjustment, the corresponding GMRs were 1.48 (95%CI: 1.32-1.67) and 1.43 (95%CI: 1.28-1.60) for ENDS only users who were former users of any nonelectronic tobacco products (n\u00a0=\u00a0123). No difference was observed in urinary concentrations of other metals comparing ENDS users to never users of any tobacco product. ENDS users show higher urinary levels of Cd and Pb, including lifetime exclusive ENDS users compared to never users of any tobacco product. These findings are limited by the small sample size and could be related to underreporting of past combustible tobacco use or other factors. Metals typical of ENDS such as nickel and chromium unfortunately are not available in PATH. Studies assessing metal exposure associated with long term lifetime exclusive ENDS use (\u22655 years) with larger sample size are needed.\n\nID: 36973638\nTitle: Physiological and cannabinoid responses of hemp (Cannabis sativa) to rock phosphate dust under tropical conditions.\nAbstract: Growing a high-value crop such as industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in post-mining environments is economically and environmentally attractive but faces a range of biotic and abiotic challenges. An opportunity to investigate the cultivation of C. sativa presented itself as part of post-mining activities on Christmas Island (Australia) to profitably utilise disused phosphate (PS) quarries. Challenges to plant growth and cadmium (Cd) uptake were addressed in this study using potted plants under fully controlled conditions in a growth chamber. A complete nutritional spectrum, slow-release fertiliser was applied to all plants as a control treatment, and two levels of rock PS dust, a waste product of PS mining that contains 35% phosphorus (P) and 40ppm of naturally occurring Cd, were applied at 54 and 162gL-1 . After 12weeks, control plants (no PS dust) significantly differed in phenological development, with no flower production, lower aboveground biomass and reduced photosynthesis efficiency than those with P applied as rock dust. Compared with the controls, the 54gL-1 level of P dust increased shoot biomass by 38%, while 162gL-1 increased shoot biomass by 85%. The concentration of \u03949 -tetrahydrocannabinol also increased with the higher P levels. Cd uptake from PS dust by C. sativa was substantial and warrants further investigation. However, there was no increase in Cd content between the 54 and 162gL-1 application rates in seed and leaf. Results indicate that hemp could become a high-value crop on Christmas Island, with the readily available rock PS dust providing a source of P.\n\nID: 36708597\nTitle: Bacterial assisted phytoremediation of heavy metals and organic pollutants by Cannabis sativa as accumulator plants growing on distillery sludge for ecorestoration of polluted site.\nAbstract: The aim of the study is to explore the potential rhizospheric bacterial communities associated with Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabis); growing on the complex pollutant-rich distillery sludge. Seven bacterial species were isolated, among which four potential bacterial species were characterized based on the 16s rRNA sequencing from the rhizosphere sludge of C. sativa; they are Bacillus thuringiensis (MW887525), Bacillus cereus (MW887524), Achromobacter denitrificans (MW886333), Bacillus subtilis (MW886231). The isolated bacteria showed PGPR attributes and potential for ligninolytic enzyme activity. Further, to correlate these bacteria with organic pollutants of sludge, the GC-MS analysis of fresh disposed distillery sludge and after growth of 30 and 60 days C. sativa was also analysed, which showed the conversion and disappearance of compounds by the activity of rhizospheric bacterial communities. Additionally, C. sativa showed a higher metal accumulation pattern of Fe (801.81\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.123)> Cu (275.086\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.069)> Zn (162.15\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.085)> Mn (63.92\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.093)> Pb (28.619\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.192)> Ni (5.02\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.078)> Cd (2.53\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.085)> Cr (1.87\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.079) mg kg -1 in their shoot, root followed by leaf. The plant also showed BCF >1 and TF\u00a0>\u00a01 for most of the metals. Thus, this showed the phytoextraction properties of C. sativa from distillery sludge polluted sites. The findings of this study will enable to understand the functional role of rhizospheric bacterial community for the detoxification and degradation of complex organometallic waste, and will thus aid in the development of adequate phytoremediation techniques for the eco-restoration of polluted industrial sites for sustainable development.\n\nID: 36668731\nTitle: Phytoremediation: A Novel Approach of Bast Fiber Plants (Hemp, Kenaf, Jute and Flax) for Heavy Metals Decontamination in Soil-Review.\nAbstract: Heavy metal pollution in the environment is a major concern for humans as it is non-biodegradable and can have a lot of effects on the environment, humans as well as plants. At present, a solution to this problem is suggested in terms of a new, innovative and eco-friendly technology known as phytoremediation. Bast fiber plants are typically non-edible crops that have a short life cycle. It is one of the significant crops that has attracted interest for many industrial uses because of its constant fiber supply and ease of maintenance. Due to its low maintenance requirements with minimum economic investment, bast fiber plants have been widely used in phytoremediation. Nevertheless, these plants have the ability to extract metals from the soil through their deep roots, combined with their commercial prospects, making them an ideal candidate as a profit-yielding crop for phytoremediation purposes. Therefore, a comprehensive review is needed for a better understanding of the morphology and phytoremediation mechanism of four commonly bast fiber plants, such as hemp (Cannabis sativa), kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), jute (Corchorus olitorius) and Flax (Linum usitatissimum). This review article summarizes the existing research on the phytoremediation potential of these plants grown in different toxic pollutants such as Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn). This work also discusses several aids including natural and chemical amendments to improve phytoremediation. The role of these amendments in the bioavailability of contaminants, their uptake, translocation and bioaccumulation, as well as their effect on plant growth and development, has been highlighted in this paper. This paper helps in identifying, comparing and addressing the recent achievements of bast fiber plants for the phytoremediation of heavy metals in contaminated soil.\n\nID: 26366840\nTitle: Phytoaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Natural Vegetation at the Municipal Wastewater Site in Abbottabad, Pakistan.\nAbstract: Heavy metal accumulation in crops and soils from wastewater irrigation poses a significant threat to the human health. A study was carried out to investigate the removal potential of heavy metals (HM) by native plant species, namely Cannabis sativa L., Chenopodium album L., Datura stramonium L., Sonchus asper L., Amaranthus viridus L., Oenothera rosea (LHer), Xanthium stramonium L., Polygonum macalosa L., Nasturtium officinale L. and Conyza canadensis L. growing at the municipal wastewater site in Abbottabad city, Pakistan. The HM concentrations varied among plants depending on the species. Metal concentrations across species varied in the order iron (Fe) > zinc (Zn) > chromium (Cr) > nickel (Ni) > cadmium (Cd). Majority of the species accumulated more HM in roots than shoots. Among species, the concentrations (both in roots and shoots) were in the order C. sativa > C. album > X. stramonium > C. canadensis > A. viridus > N. officinale > P. macalosa > D. stramonium > S. asper > O. rosea. No species was identified as a hyperaccumulator. All species exhibited a translocation factor (TF) less than 1. Species like C. sativa, C. album and X. stramonium gave higher (> 1) biological concentration factor (BCF) and biological accumulation coefficient (BAC) especially for Fe, Cr and Cd than other species. Higher accumulation of heavy metals in these plant species signifies the general application of these species for phytostabilization and phytoextraction of HM from polluted soils.\n\nID: 25174425\nTitle: Effective Phytoextraction of Cadmium (Cd) with Increasing Concentration of Total Phenolics and Free Proline in Cannabis sativa (L) Plant Under Various Treatments of Fertilizers, Plant Growth Regulators and Sodium Salt.\nAbstract: The comparative effect of fertilizers (NPK), plant growth regulators (GA3, IAA, Zeatin) and sodium chloride (NaCl) on Cd phytoaccumulation, proline and phenolics production in Cannabis sativa was evaluated. Proline and phenolices were correlated with Cd contents in plant. Cd significantly reduced the plant growth. Fertilizers application (in combination) most significantly increased the growth (19 cm root and 47 cm shoot) on Cd contaminated soil. All treatments increased the Cd contents in plant tissues. This increase was highly significant in fertilizers treated plants (1101, 121 and 544 ppm in roots, stem and leaves respectively). Significantly positive correlation was found between Cd concentration and dry biomass of root (R2=0.7511) and leaves (R2=0.5524). All treatments significantly increased the proline and total phenolics and maximum was recorded in NaCl treated plants followed by fertilizers. Proline was higher in roots while phenolics in leaves. The correlation between proline and phenolics was positive in leaf (R2=0.8439) and root (R2=0.5191). Proline and phenolics showed positive correlation with Cd concentration in plant. Conclusively, fertilizers in combination seem to be the better option for Cd phytoextraction. Further investigation is suggested to study the role of phenolics and proline in Cd phytoextraction.\n\nID: 21938417\nTitle: Cadmium tolerance and bioaccumulation of 18 hemp accessions.\nAbstract: Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a fast-growing and high biomass producing plant species, which has been traditionally grown as multiple-use crop and recently considered as an energy crop. In order to screen accessions that can be cultivated in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soils for biodiesel production, the ability of Cd tolerance and bioaccumulation of 18 hemp cultivars or ecotypes were evaluated in pot experiment under 25 mg Cd kg(-1) (dry weight, DW) soil condition, in terms of plant growth, pigment contents, chlorophyll fluorescence, and Cd accumulation at 45 days after seedling emergence. Results showed that seedlings of all cultivars, except USO-31, Shenyang and Shengmu, could grow quite well under 25 mg Cd kg(-1) (DW) soil condition. Among them, Yunma 1, Yunma 2, Yunma 3, Yunma 4, Qujing, Longxi, Lu'an, Xingtai, and Shuyang showed great biomass (>0.5 g plant(-1)), high tolerance factors (68.6-92.3%), and little reduction of pigment content and chlorophyll fluorescence under 25 mg Cd kg(-1) (DW) soil stress, indicating these cultivars had a strong tolerance to Cd stress and could be cultivated in Cd-contaminated soils. Cultivars Longxi, Lu'an, Xingtai, Yunma 2, Yunma 3, Yunma 4, and Qujing exhibited higher Cd concentrations and total Cd in shoots. These cultivars, therefore, are good candidates for the implementation of the new strategy of cultivating biodiesel crops for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils.\n\nID: 19393309\nTitle: Cadmium tolerance and accumulation in eight potential energy crops.\nAbstract: The production of energy crops that can be used for biodiesel production is a sustainable approach for the removal of metal pollutants by phytoremediation. This study investigated the cadmium (Cd) accumulation and tolerance of eight potential energy crops. After growth for 28 days in substrates containing 0, 50, 100 or 200 mg Cd x kg(-1), seedlings were evaluated for growth parameters, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and Cd accumulation. All eight crops were moderately tolerant to Cd toxicity, with four [i.e., hemp (Cannabis sativa), flax (Linum usitatissimum), castor (Ricinus communis) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea)] being more tolerant than the others. Three of these crops (hemp, flax and peanut) had higher Cd accumulation capacities. The roots of peanut and hemp had high bioconcentration factors (BCF>1000), while flax shoots accumulated a higher concentration of Cd (>100 mg/kg). These results demonstrate that it is possible to grow energy crops on Cd-contaminated soil. Hemp, flax and peanut are excellent candidates for phytoremediation.\n\nID: 16202810\nTitle: Potential of Brassic rapa, Cannabis sativa, Helianthus annuus and Zea mays for phytoextraction of heavy metals from calcareous dredged sediment derived soils.\nAbstract: Remediation of soil pollution is one of the many current environmental challenges. Anthropogenic activity has resulted in the contamination of extended areas of land, the remediation of which is both invasive and expensive by conventional means. Phytoextraction of heavy metals from contaminated soils has the prospect of being a more economic in situ alternative. In addition, phytoextraction targets ecotoxicologically the most relevant soil fraction of these metals, i.e. the bioavailable fraction. Greenhouse experiments were carried out to evaluate the potential of four high biomass crop species in their potential for phytoextraction of heavy metals, with or without with the use of soil amendments (EDTA or EDDS). A calcareous dredged sediment derived surface soil, with high organic matter and clay content and moderate levels of heavy metal pollution, was used in the experiments. No growth depression was observed in EDTA or EDDS treated pots in comparison to untreated controls. Metal accumulation was considered to be low for phytoextraction purposes, despite the use of chelating agents. The low observed shoot concentrations of heavy metals were attributed to the low phytoavailability of heavy metals in this particular soil substrate. The mobilising effects induced by EDTA in the soil were found to be too long-lived for application as a soil amendment in phytoextraction. Although EDDS was found to be more biodegradable, higher effect half lives were observed than reported in literature or observed in previous experiments. These findings caution against the use of any amendment, biodegradable or otherwise, without proper investigation of its effects and the longevity thereof.\n\nID: 15698640\nTitle: The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae induces growth and metal accumulation changes in Cannabis sativa L.\nAbstract: The effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza on heavy metal uptake and translocation was investigated in Cannabis sativa. Hemp was grown in the presence and absence of 100 microg g-1 Cd and Ni and 300 microg g-1 Cr(VI), and inoculated or not with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae. In our experimental condition, hemp growth was reduced in inoculated plants and the reduction was related to the degree of mycorrhization. The percentage of mycorrhizal colonisation was 42% and 9% in plants grown in non-contaminated and contaminated soil, suggesting a significant negative effect of high metal concentrations on plant infection by G. mosseae. Soil pH, metal bioavailability and plant metal uptake were not influenced by mycorrhization. The organ metal concentrations were not statistically different between inoculated and non-inoculated plants, apart from Ni which concentration was significantly higher in stem and leaf of inoculated plants grown in contaminated soil. The distribution of absorbed metals inside plant was related to the soil heavy metal concentrations: in plant grown in non-contaminated soil the greater part of absorbed Cr and Ni was found in shoots and no significant difference was determined between inoculated and non-inoculated plants. On the contrary, plants grown in artificially contaminated soil accumulated most metal in root organ. In this soil, mycorrhization significantly enhanced the translocation of all the three metals from root to shoot. The possibility to increase metal accumulation in shoot is very interesting for phytoextraction purpose, since most high producing biomass plants, such as non-mycorrhized hemp, retain most heavy metals in roots, limiting their application.\n=======================================================\n\n### [CUSTOM DATAPOINTS]\nCRITICAL EXTRACTION DIRECTIVE: You MUST extract the following custom datapoints as root-level key/value pairs inside your final JSON block:\n- \"suggested_experiments\": generate 1-3 suggested experiments\n- \"suggested_studies\": generate 1-3 suggested studies\n- \"swansons_literature_based_discovery_candidates\": You are an advanced Literature-Based Discovery (LBD) system executing Swanson\u2019s complementary-but-disjoint (A-B-C) model. Your goal is to find hidden, unpublished connections across the provided dataset. Strict Discovery Protocol: 1. Identify distinct, isolated sub-literatures (Domain A and Domain C) within the dataset that share NO direct citations, co-mentions, or common contextual paragraphs. 2. Find an intermediate biological mechanism, protein, path, or entity (Bridge B) that appears independently in both isolated domains (A-to-B and B-to-C). 3. Synthesize a novel, unstated hypothesis (A-to-C). Negative Constraint (Crucial): DO NOT output any connection if the relationship between Concept A and Concept C is explicitly mentioned, paired, or summarized anywhere in the source text. If a connection (like \"OMN resilience to SMN stabilization\") is already explicitly stated or grouped as a concept in the data, it is considered \"already known\" and must be disqualified. Format your output exactly as follows: - Discovered Hypothesis (A to C): [Clear, novel statement] - Literature A (Origin): [Entity/Concept and source context] - Literature C (Target): [Entity/Concept and source context] - The Intersecting Bridge B: [The shared mechanism/protein linking them] - Biological Rationale: [1-2 sentences explaining why this hidden connection is mechanistically plausible]\n- \"contradictions_between_evidences\": Identify conflicting evidence within the evidence set (if any) and flag the dispute here\n- \"repurposed_solutions\": identify and explain repurposed Solution potentials\n\n\nFormat Requirement:\nRAG AMNESIA IS ACTIVE: You must ONLY use the provided context literature. Do not use outside prior knowledge. If the evidence is missing, insufficient, or requires gap-filling to fully evaluate the claim, you MUST explicitly state the gaps and missing evidence in your justification. Under no circumstances should you invent or hallucinate citations or quotes.\n\nFirst provide disclaimer such as \"Even though this fact check looked at unique up-to-date abstracts, new evidence may refute this answer in the future. Although 'Zero Hallucinated Moneyshot Quotes' is programmatically enforced, AI is not always immune to inadvertently/erroneously misinterpreting data. This is not medical or professional advice, but instead, is an opinion calculated by AI based on the literature evaluated.\"\n---\nWrite in a highly academic, formal thesis tone.\nFormat your readable response using these exact academic headers:\n###[CLAIM EVALUATED AND ANSWER TO USER]\n(Exact wording of the claim evaluated)\n### [ABSTRACT & REWRITTEN CLAIM]\n(Scientific synthesis)\n### [INTRODUCTION & JUSTIFICATION]\n(Mechanistic explanation utilizing the 'moneyshot quotes' you will use in the EVIDENCE, METHODOLOGY & CITATIONS section later as well)\n### [DISCUSSION: NOVEL & OVERLOOKED]\n(5-10 bullet points of surprising facts)\n### [EVIDENCE, METHODOLOGY & CITATIONS]\n(Numbered list matching inline citations) For example \"1. ID: 12345 - Application: The text discusses ... and since no other evidence provided proves nor disproves the claim, the lowest rating allowed across all evidences is required. ID:12345 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 3) - [copied/verbatim Quote text]\"\n\n**CRITICAL: You must include the exact quote you used in the [copied/verbatim Quote text] section.\n\nIf the prompt says \"at least 20 quotes\" then there must be at least 20 matching citations. You must actually use the quotes you select within the conext of the preprint publication you write.\n\nEvaluation Schema:\nRAG AMNESIA IS ACTIVE: You must ONLY use the provided context literature. Do not use outside prior knowledge. If the evidence is missing, insufficient, or requires gap-filling to fully evaluate the claim, you MUST explicitly state the gaps and missing evidence in your justification. Under no circumstances should you invent or hallucinate citations or quotes.\n\n###critical: WRAP YOUR THOUGHTS WITH ... tags at the very beginning of your response.\n\n=======================================================\nCONTEXT LITERATURE (STATIC CACHE):\nID: 42421989\nTitle: Impact of policies on pregnant individuals using drugs: A narrative synthesis review of treatment, health care access, and outcomes.\nAbstract: Amid the opioid epidemic and racial disparities in maternal and child health, there is increasing interest from clinicians, patients, and policymakers in understanding how state policies impact pregnant individuals using drugs, particularly regarding healthcare access and outcomes. This narrative synthesis examines the types of policies affecting this population and their consequences on maternal and child health. Following PRISMA guidelines, we reviewed 408 studies, selecting 28 relevant articles to assess the prevalence and effects of punitive laws targeting pregnant individuals using drugs. The review reveals an increase in punitive policies over time, such as considering substance use as child abuse, mandatory reporting with positive toxicology tests, and cannabis-related regulations, including restrictions on breastfeeding. However, the findings are mixed regarding neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and mandatory reporting. Some studies show a rise or decrease in NAS following punitive policy changes, while others suggest that such policy changes may lead to lower rates of provider reporting. The fear of being reported may discourage some pregnant individuals from seeking prenatal care due to increased stigma. Other studies report confusion about mandatory reporting procedures and providers' concerns about damaging patient trust. Policies sanctioning incarceration of pregnant individuals using substances also increase out-of-state births, potentially endangering both mothers and infants. This study highlights the harmful, unintended consequences of various policies and discusses interventions and future research directions.\n\nID: 42416671\nTitle: Decision-making and risk-taking as predictors of health risk behaviors in the Millennium Cohort Study.\nAbstract: Facets of decision-making and risk-taking are implicated in adolescent health risk behaviors; however, whether they may lead to adolescent engagement in substance use, gambling, and self-harm is unknown. We used the Millennium Cohort Study to test whether a task-based measure of decision-making and risk-taking predicts engagement in adolescent health risk behaviors. Participants were born in the United Kingdom (2000-2002) and surveyed in-home at ages 14 (n\u00a0=\u00a010,531) and 17 (n\u00a0=\u00a08417). A computerized task-based measure of decision-making and risk-taking for reward (Cambridge Gambling Task) measured impulsivity, quality of decision-making, risk adjustment, and risk-taking (exposures) at age 14. Several health risk behaviors (outcomes) were self-reported at 14/17\u00a0years: cigarette use, electronic cigarette/vaping use, drinking, cannabis use, other illegal drug use (e.g., ecstasy), gambling, and self-harm. We conducted adjusted multinomial and logistic regression models. Computerized task-based measures of greater impulsivity and risk-taking were most consistently associated with self-reported health risk behaviors at 14 and 17\u00a0years. Better quality of decision-making and risk adjustment were inconsistently associated with health outcomes at age 14; however, better risk adjustment was related to a reduced likelihood of all levels of cigarette and e-cigarette/vaping use (e.g., occasionally/regularly) when compared to nonusers. At age 14, risk-taking was associated with every self-reported health risk behavior (e.g., substance use, gambling) except for self-harm. In prospective models, relationships were attenuated, but risk-taking predicted new onset engagement in all forms of substance use except alcohol consumption and self-harm. Risk-taking was most strongly associated with other drug use (age 14: odds ratio (OR)\u00a0=\u00a011.26, 95% CI: 1.48, 86.01) and predictive of former vaping use (age 17: OR\u00a0=\u00a04.10, 95% CI: 1.43, 11.76). Risky betting on a computerized risk-taking task appears highly indicative of substance use and recent gambling at age 14 and predictive of new onset substance use and gambling 3\u00a0years later (age 17) for both sexes, but not self-harm.\n\nID: 42375164\nTitle: Lifetime sexual violence and tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use among French adults: A national survey.\nAbstract: Sexual violence can lead to significant health impacts, including higher risk of substance use. This study examines the association between lifetime experiences of sexual violence and substance use in a large nation-wide sample of French adults. Data were drawn from the 2017 Health Barometer, a cross-sectional survey of 25,319 French adults aged 18-75, conducted in Mainland France between January and July 2017. Five substance use outcomes were examined: daily tobacco use, heavy drinking, regular binge drinking, monthly cannabis use, and problematic cannabis use. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between sexual violence and each of these outcomes. A total of 9.5% of women and 2% of men reported having experienced sexual violence. In adjusted analyses, lifetime experience of sexual violence was associated with increased odds of all five substance use outcomes. Lifetime sexual violence was also linked to study outcomes in stratified analyses by sex, with particularly strong associations for monthly cannabis use (women aOR\u00a0=\u00a02.53, 1.90-3.34; men aOR\u00a0=\u00a02.10, 1.37-3.16). These findings support the need for integrated care addressing both sexual violence history and substance use among sexual violence victims-survivors.\n\nID: 42340025\nTitle: Decoding the Toxicity of Synthetic Cannabinoids: From Receptor Activation to Multiorgan Dysfunction.\nAbstract: Synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs) represent a rapidly expanding and chemically diverse class of new psychoactive substances, deliberately designed to mimic the effects of natural cannabis. However, their high potency and full agonism at cannabinoid receptors lead to severe public health risks. The primary mechanism of SCBs' action involves the robust activation of CB1 and CB2 receptors, which in turn trigger a cascade of downstream events. This includes the profound dysregulation of key neurotransmitter systems, critical ion channel functions, and essential intracellular signaling pathways, culminating in widespread cellular dysfunction and damage. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted pathogenesis through which SCBs induce systemic harm. It systematically examines the clinical evidence and molecular mechanisms that connect SCB exposure to a spectrum of adverse outcomes, including life-threatening cardiovascular toxicities, significant neurological and psychiatric disorders, respiratory system diseases, digestive system diseases, and nephrotoxicity, and so forth. The point of this review, elucidating the intricate mechanisms underlying SCB toxicity, will be crucial, as this knowledge is the key to unlocking targeted therapies and effectively mitigating the severe health consequences of their abuse.\n\nID: 42339559\nTitle: Associations Between Noticing Product Features in Cannabis Vape Product Advertisements and Product Use Perceptions Among Young Adults: A Heatmap Experiment.\nAbstract: Advertising for cannabis vape products (CVPs) often highlights product features related to their functions and perceived benefits. Such messages may encourage CVP use among young adults (YAs), a group with rising prevalence and heightened vulnerability to CVP use. We examined the associations between noticing product feature messages in CVP ads and product use perceptions among US YAs of varying CVP-use statuses. YAs (n\u2009=\u20092024) who either use CVPs or are susceptible to CVP use completed an online heatmap (a visualization tool representing attention data) experiment in 2024. Participants viewed 6 CVP ads that each portrayed 3 of the following 9 types of product feature messages: creativity, physical health benefits, social enhancement, mental health benefits, relaxation, positive flavor sensation, positive mood effects, convenience/discreetness, and elevated potency. Participants clicked on the message that most attracted their attention in each ad and then reported use intentions, positive use expectancy, and perceived mental and physical health benefits related to using the advertised products. We examined associations between noticing product feature messages and perception outcomes, controlling for covariates. Noticing messages about physical health benefits was positively associated with product use intentions (coef.\u2009=\u20090.343, P\u2009=\u2009.000), positive use expectancy (coef.\u2009=\u20090.107, P\u2009=\u2009.002), and perceived physical (coef.\u2009=\u20090.189, P\u2009=\u2009.000) and mental (coef.\u2009=\u20090.171, P\u2009=\u2009.000) health benefits. Noticing messages about social effects was positively associated with product use intentions (coef.\u2009=\u20090.410, P\u2009=\u2009.000), positive use expectancy (coef.\u2009=\u20090.163, P\u2009=\u2009.000), and perceived mental health benefits (coef.\u2009=\u20090.229, P\u2009=\u2009.000). Additionally, noticing messages about creativity was positively associated with product use intentions (coef.\u2009=\u20090.164, P\u2009=\u2009.007). Attention to several product feature messages in CVP ads was associated with intentions and positive perceptions of using the advertised CVPs among YAs, which may lead to future use. Results from this study can inform strategies for reducing the appeal and influence of CVP marketing among this vulnerable population.\n\nID: 42245013\nTitle: Multi-Ancestry Survival GWAS of Substance Use Initiation in the ABCD Study.\nAbstract: Substance use initiation in adolescence is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors; however, large-scale genetic studies often treat initiation as a binary outcome and underuse longitudinal timing information. We conducted time-to-event (survival) genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) of initiation for four outcomes-alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, and any substance use-using longitudinal follow-up data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. We performed ancestry-stratified GWAS within European (EUR), African (AFR), and Hispanic (HISP) groups, applying consistent quality control and covariate adjustment. Summary statistics were harmonized across ancestries and meta-analyzed using inverse-variance weighted fixed-effects and DerSimonian-Laird random-effects models. We evaluated genomic inflation and heterogeneity (Cochran's Q and I 2 ), identified independent lead variants at genome-wide and suggestive significance thresholds, and assessed cross-trait overlap of associated loci. In the multi-ancestry meta-analysis, we observed suggestive association signals across traits (minimum p -values: alcohol \u223c 1 \u00d7 10 -7 , any \u223c 1 \u00d7 10 -7 , cannabis \u223c 5 \u00d7 10 -8 , nicotine \u223c 1 \u00d7 10 -8 ). Nicotine initiation showed one genome-wide significant variant in both fixed- and random-effects meta-analyses ( p < 5 \u00d7 10 -8 ). Across traits, suggestive loci demonstrated limited overlap, with the strongest concordance between alcohol and any substance use, consistent with shared liability. Heterogeneity statistics indicated that some loci exhibited cross-ancestry variation in effect estimates. Survival GWAS leveraging initiation timing can identify genetic signals that may be missed by binary designs and enables principled multi-ancestry synthesis. Our results highlight both shared and trait-specific genetic contributions to early substance initiation and provide a foundation for downstream functional annotation and integrative modeling with environmental risk factors. These findings demonstrate the value of incorporating developmental timing into genetic discovery and provide a framework for integrating longitudinal risk modeling with genomic analyses.\n\nID: 42243928\nTitle: Nutritional, antinutritional, and heavy metal profiles of ethnopoultry botanicals in Central Uganda.\nAbstract: In Central Uganda, smallholder farmers rely on indigenous ethnoveterinary botanicals as phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) for indigenous chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). However, the balance between their nutritional benefits and toxicological risks remains poorly characterized. Following an ethnoveterinary survey in Najjembe sub-county where Capsicum frutescens (ranked 2nd ), Cannabis sativa (3rd ), and Nicotiana tabacum (4th) were prioritized by farmers, this study investigated their nutritional and safety profiles. Aloe vera (1st ) was excluded from analysis due to extensive prior documentation. Samples were analyzed for proximate, mineral, and antioxidant profiles using AOAC Official Methods. Antinutrients (tannins, oxalates, phytates) and heavy metals (Pb, Cd) were quantified using vanillin-HCl spectrophotometry and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, respectively. Results showed significant nutritional variation among species (p\u2009<\u20090.05). C. sativa contained the highest crude protein (22.20\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1%) and was exceptionally rich in calcium and potassium. C. frutescens exhibited the highest caloric density (452.9\u00a0kcal/100\u00a0g) and antioxidant activity (IC50\u2009=\u200911.78\u00a0mg/mL). Conversely, N. tabacum had the highest iron and magnesium but also the highest antinutrient concentrations. Critically, lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels in N. tabacum and C. sativa significantly exceeded FAO/WHO safety limits (Pb\u2009>\u20090.3\u00a0mg/kg), resulting in hazard indices (HI\u2009>\u20091.0), signaling potential health risks for chickens and consumers. While these plants offer high nutraceutical value, the heavy metal bioaccumulation in N. tabacum and C. sativa necessitates strict inclusion limits and processing to ensure food safety. C. frutescens is recommended as the most viable PFA for feed integration.\n\nID: 42243895\nTitle: Plasma and urinary exposure of cannabidiol and cannabidiolic acid in horses following consumption of contaminated feed.\nAbstract: Cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) are non-psychoactive cannabinoids naturally present in hemp-derived products. While these compounds are prohibited during equine competition, horses may be inadvertently exposed through contaminated feed. Data describing systemic and urinary exposure to CBD and CBDA following such low-dose, involuntary intake are limited. This study aimed to describe plasma and urine concentration-time profiles of CBD and CBDA in horses after consumption of experimentally contaminated feed. Twelve Standardbred horses received feed containing low doses (10-15\u00a0mg) of either CBD or CBDA twice daily for three days. Neither compound was detected in pre-administration samples. Following exposure, CBD was only sporadically quantifiable in plasma, whereas CBDA was detected in plasma from most horses for up to 48\u00a0h. In urine, both cannabinoids were quantifiable in all horses, with CBDA consistently present at higher concentrations and for longer durations than CBD. Maximum observed urinary concentrations were markedly higher for CBDA than for CBD. Considerable inter-individual variability was observed in both plasma and urine concentrations. Neither CBD nor CBDA was detected in plasma or urine for more than four days. Overall, systemic exposure following feed contamination was low compared with doses reported to produce therapeutic effects in horses or other species. Low-dose oral exposure to CBD and CBDA, mimicking feed contamination, can result in detectable concentrations of cannabinoids in equine plasma and urine, with CBDA representing the predominant analyte. Although the study was not designed to establish detection times and analytical sensitivity may differ from routine doping control, the findings demonstrate that inadvertent exposure through feed may lead to measurable cannabinoid concentrations despite doses well below those associated with reported pharmacological effects. These results highlight the importance of awareness of potential contamination sources and cautious interpretation of low-level cannabinoid findings in equine biological samples.\n\nID: 42213593\nTitle: The Determination of potentially toxic elements (Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, and Lead) in Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) from using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP OES).\nAbstract: Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) readily accumulates potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from soil. PTE exposure is linked to cancer, nephrotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Non-intoxicating hemp products in New Jersey are not subject to mandatory PTE testing, posing a consumer safety risk. This study presents a single-laboratory validation of an ICP OES method for the determination of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg in hemp, evaluated against AOAC SMPR 2020.001 performance criteria. Ground hemp (0.125\u2009g) was digested using HNO3/HCl/H2O2 (190\u2009\u00b0C, 20\u2009min) and diluted to 50\u2009mL. Samples were analyzed on an Agilent 5800 ICP OES with a seven-point calibration (1-100\u2009\u03bcg/L), Au/Sc internal standards, and KHP carbon for matrix matching. Spike recoveries for Cd (92.7%) and Pb (96.2%) met AOAC SMPR 2020.001 criteria (80-115%). Mercury recovery (47%) fell below acceptance limits due to matrix suppression and volatility losses. The As LOD (0.807\u2009\u03bcg/g) exceeded sample concentrations in most specimens. LOQ values for all four elements exceeded the SMPR 2020.001 threshold of 10\u2009\u00b5g/kg (0.01\u2009\u00b5g/g). Calibration linearity was confirmed for all analytes (r\u2009\u2265\u20090.995). Partial validation was achieved: Cd and Pb demonstrated acceptable accuracy and repeatability, but LOQ criteria were not met for any analyte. ICP OES is not suitable for Hg or As at regulatory trace levels; ICP MS is recommended for these elements. This method offers a cost-effective screening tool for Cd and Pb in hemp. This study presents the first single-laboratory ICP OES validation for PTEs in hemp under AOAC SMPR 2020.001. Cd and Pb met accuracy and repeatability criteria; As and Hg did not meet sensitivity requirements. ICP MS is recommended for regulatory As and Hg testing in hemp.\n\nID: 42210051\nTitle: Hybrid genome assembly of the cannabis powdery mildew agent Golovinomyces ambrosiae uncovers important resources for deciphering virulence factors.\nAbstract: Cannabis powdery mildew, caused by the fungal pathogen Golovinomyces ambrosiae, poses a significant threat to licensed producers as its presence on marketable products can compromise product innocuity. While there is a focus in research for resistance genes within the Cannabis sativa germplasm, there is a lack of genetic information regarding the infecting agent, preventing validation of their effectiveness against different populations as the plant-pathogen interaction most likely follows a gene-for-gene relationship. In this paper, we assembled the first G. ambrosiae genome, providing insights into its genomic content and potential virulence determinants. The assembly was made using a hybrid approach, combining Oxford Nanopore Technologies long reads and Illumina short reads. The resulting 155.2\u00a0Mb genome is composed of 73 contigs, 13 scaffolds and has a completeness score of 97.5%. Subsequent analysis highlighted the substantial transposable elements content of the pathogen, occupying 82.64% of its genomic composition. Prediction of protein-coding genes revealed 6995 highly confident gene models, including 169 candidate effector proteins. Among the latter, we highlighted 14 candidates sharing key characteristics of confirmed effectors in other powdery mildew pathosystems such as the presence of signal peptides, RALPH-like domains, and Y/F/WxC motifs. The result of this study provides valuable resources for future identification of avirulence genes within the G. ambrosiae species, responsible of conferring resistance when encoded effectors are recognized by a cognate host's resistance genes. Those findings will lead to guided breeding strategies and, ultimately, the selection of cultivars adapted to the pathogen's virulence profile.\n\nID: 42196667\nTitle: Adverse Effects of Non-Medical Use of Cannabis or Opioids Associated with Adverse Childhood Experiences.\nAbstract: Non-medical use of cannabis (NmC) and/or opioids (NmO) can lead to adverse health effects (AHEs), yet the proportion of these harms attributable to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) remains unclear. This study estimated the contribution of ACEs to AHEs from NmC and/or NmO among adults aged \u226518 years using 2019-2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from Arizona and Massachusetts. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 24,739 respondents, linking past ACE exposure to self-reported NmC/NmO/NmC&NmO and related AHEs. Generalized linear models with a log link and binomial distribution adjusted for socio-demographic, healthcare access, and geographic factors were used to estimate associations and population-attributable fractions (PAFs). Propensity score methods matched respondents with and without ACEs on demographic and location characteristics. Among all the adults, 17.9% reported NmC, 5.8% reported NmO, and 2.4% reported NmC&NmO; among users of NmC/NmO/NmC&NmO, 5.0%/13.2%/36.0% reported AHEs. Among the respondents reporting AHEs from non-medical substance use, exposure to \u22652 ACEs was common (NmC: 89%; NmO: 82%; NmC&NmO: 84%). Compared to adults without ACEs, those with \u22652 ACEs had a higher likelihood of AHEs for NmC (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 3.54, 95% CI: 1.65-7.59) and NmO (aRR = 3.64, 95% CI: 1.99-6.66) but not NmC&NmO (aRR: 1.86, 95% CI: 0.84-4.09). PAFs indicated that 63% (NmC) to 64% (NmO) of AHEs among the adults reporting NmC or NmO were attributable to \u22652 ACEs. Preventing childhood adversity may substantially reduce substance-related harms in adulthood.\n\nID: 42123740\nTitle: Multielement Analysis of Selected Superfood Seeds and Grains Using ICP-OES: Sources of Essential and Toxic Elements.\nAbstract: The term 'superfoods' refers to a rapidly expanding group of food products that have gained increasing global interest due to their high nutritional value and association with health-oriented dietary patterns. Many superfoods, particularly grains and seeds, are rich sources of essential minerals, plant protein, dietary fibre, and bioactive compounds, making them valuable components of gluten-free, vegetarian, and vegan diets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the elemental composition of selected superfood grains and seeds and to verify the reliability of manufacturers' declarations. The analyses confirmed that the investigated samples possess a rich macro- and trace elemental composition, with pronounced differences among product groups. Based on median concentrations, pumpkin and hemp seeds were characterized by generally high levels of Mg, K, P, Fe, Mn, and Zn, whereas chia seeds exhibited notably elevated Ca content. In contrast, quinoa and amaranth showed comparatively lower elemental concentrations. Most of the results obtained for the analysed products are within the permissible deviation from the value declared on the packaging, as specified in the relevant EU regulations. The presence of potentially toxic elements, including Al, Pb, and Cd, was also detected. Cadmium accumulation was of particular concern in flax seeds, where all samples exceeded the limit of quantification and approached permissible levels. Principal component analysis revealed clear clustering patterns, indicating similarities between amaranth and quinoa, as well as between hemp and pumpkin seeds, while chia and flax seeds formed distinct groups. These results highlight both the nutritional potential of superfoods and the necessity for independent verification of their elemental composition.\n\nID: 42058367\nTitle: The 30th Scientific Conference of\u00a0the Society on\u00a0NeuroImmune Pharmacology in\u00a0Annapolis, Maryland, May 3rd - 6th, 2026.\nAbstract: The 30th Annual Society on Neuroimmune Pharmacology (SNIP) conference will be held on May 3-6th at the Graduate Hotel by Hilton in Annapolis, Maryland. This 4-day conference will present preclinical, translational, and clinical research in the intersecting fields of neuro-HIV and substance use disorders, as well as related neurodegenerative conditions. The speakers and poster presenters will share cutting-edge research funded by the National Institutes of Health. On the first day, we will have two concurrent preconference symposia. The first is \"Single Cell HIV and SUD Effects on the Brain: SCORCH Consortium Progress\", with an overview and 7 presentations by investigators, highlighting the outstanding work in the Single Cell Opioid Response in the Context of HIV (SCORCH). The second concurrent symposium is \"Catalyzing Interdisciplinary Research on HIV-Associated Co-occurring Conditions.\" In the evening, we will have our first Poster Session with 52 abstracts by early-stage-career investigators (ECIs), including those that received the ECI travel awards. On days 2-4, in addition to a plenary talk and two memorial lectures, we will have 11 symposia, with 62 speakers (including 12 who are early-stage career investigator travel awardees), and 65 additional poster presentations. In total, the 30th SNIP conference received 185 abstracts for the 70 oral presentations and 115 posters. Topics covered by these symposia and poster presentations include mechanistic and observational studies that evaluate neuronal injury and neuroinflammation associated with HIV brain infection, and how drugs of abuse, including stimulants, opioids, and cannabis, may exacerbate or mitigate neuropathogenesis. In addition, with the aging population of people with HIV and many with substance use disorders, recent work also evaluated how aging and various neurodegenerative disorders could further impact brain health. At the plenary lecture, Dr. Nora Volkow will highlight the priorities of HIV research at the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), while our banquet speaker, Dr. Avindra Nath will elucidate how viruses, particularly retroviruses, may invade the brain, infect brain cells, and adapt to the local environment for decades or mutate and possibly lead to neurodegenerative disorders. This will be an exciting conference that will continue SNIP's emphasis on the career development of early-stage investigators.\n\nID: 42055951\nTitle: Therapeutic effectiveness of group psychotherapy incorporating cognitive and goal management training in substance use disorder patients under deferred prosecution.\nAbstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured group psychotherapy program integrating cognitive training (CT) and goal management training (GMT) across neuropsychological, coping and behavioural levels in patients with substance use disorder (SUD) under deferred prosecution. Utilizing a pre-post design, this study analysed data from 35 patients under deferred prosecution who were enrolled in a compulsory addiction treatment programme consisting of 10-session group psychotherapy incorporating CT and GMT. Patients were primarily addicted to heroin, methamphetamine or cannabis. Neuropsychological assessments were conducted before and after the intervention, including the Stroop Colour-Word Test (SCWT) to assess inhibition, the Tower of London-DX (ToL-DX) to assess planning and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) to assess cognitive flexibility. Additionally, participants completed the Daily Executive Behaviours Scale and substance use was tracked via urine tests. Significant improvements were observed in the SCWT colour-word score (t\u2009=\u2009-2.78, p\u2009=\u2009.009, rt\u2009=\u20090.43), ToL-DX execution time (t\u2009=\u20092.40, p\u2009=\u2009.02, rt\u2009=\u20090.38) and rule violation metrics (Z\u2009=\u2009-3.34, p\u2009<\u2009.001, rz\u2009=\u20090.57), as well as WCST perseverative errors (Z\u2009=\u2009-3.00, p\u2009=\u2009.003, rz\u2009=\u20090.51); however, no significant changes were found in self-reported assessments or urine tests. The combined CT and GMT intervention significantly improved cognitive functions, although it did not lead to a notable reduction in substance use. This approach was associated with measurable improvements in executive functions, while highlighting the limits of short-term cognitive enhancement in altering substance use behaviour.\n\nID: 42024158\nTitle: Long-term effects of adolescent THC exposure on anxiety-like behavior and cognitive function in male rats.\nAbstract: RATIONALE: As cannabis legalization and decriminalization have expanded, it is increasingly perceived as a low-risk substance. Concurrently, the potency of cannabis products and the number of young adults seeking treatment for cannabis use disorder have risen markedly. A growing body of research links early onset, frequent use, and high potency cannabis products to a range of adverse outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine whether frequent cannabis use during late adolescence affects cognitive functioning and increases the risk of developing anxiety in adulthood. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; 5 mg/kg/day) or vehicle from postnatal day (PND) 42 to 62. After a drug-free period, anxiety-like behavior was assessed in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and Light-Dark transition tests, while cognitive function was evaluated in the novel object recognition and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. THC concentrations in blood and brain tissue were quantified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS: The rats displayed blood THC concentrations comparable to human cannabis users and reduced body weight during the exposure period \u2013 an effect that persisted for over two months following the final injection. Adolescent THC exposure impaired novelty preference in young adult animals, whereas effects on spatial memory were less definitive. THC-exposed rats showed anxiety-like behavior in the EPM test, but not in the Light-Dark transition test. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that frequent cannabis exposure during adolescence may lead to long-term reductions in body weight, reduced novel object recognition, and increased vulnerability to certain aspects of anxiety-related behavior in adulthood.\n\nID: 41968590\nTitle: \u03948-tetrahydrocannabinol, \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol, and cannabidiol carboxylic acid metabolites in authentic meconium samples.\nAbstract: The consumption of cannabis-related products during pregnancy is increasing. Marijuana (cannabis) use during pregnancy, whether for nonmedical or medical purposes to relieve of pregnancy-related symptoms and discomfort, can lead to potential adverse clinical and neurodevelopmental outcomes for the developing fetus. Testing conventional matrices, such as blood and urine, provides information regarding the recent intake of drugs, whereas analysis of alternative specimens, such as meconium, provides information regarding maternal use and potential in utero exposure during the third trimester of pregnancy. In this study, meconium samples (n\u2009=\u200919) were obtained from neonates at birth delivered at the University of Florida (UF). All the mothers participating in the study completed a questionnaire regarding cannabis and cannabidiol (CBD) use during pregnancy. Maternal urine samples were also collected during each trimester of pregnancy and at delivery. 11-nor-\u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (\u03949-THC-COOH), 11-nor-\u03948-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (\u03948-THC-COOH) and 7-carboxy cannabidiol (7-COOH-CBD) were quantitated in the meconium samples utilizing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The most frequently identified analyte was \u03949-THC-COOH (median concentration: 113\u2009ng/g) which was quantitated in the meconium samples (n\u2009=\u200912) of neonates born to mothers who self-reported cannabis use during the third trimester. \u03948-THC-COOH was observed in five of the \u03949-THC-COOH positive samples (median concentration: 15.7\u2009ng/g). Meconium of neonates born to mothers who did not self-report a history of cannabis use (control subjects) was negative for \u03948-THC-COOH and \u03949-THC-COOH. These data support further study of drug use patterns during pregnancy to focus on the clinical consequences of use during the perinatal period.\n\nID: 41957055\nTitle: Comparative exposure and risk assessment of heavy metals, nutrients, and organochlorine pesticides in cow and plant-based milks.\nAbstract: Cow milk and plant-based milk alternatives (PBMAs) are widely consumed beverages, yet both can act as pathways for exposure to environmental contaminants originating from soil, water, and legacy agricultural practices. In this study, we quantified heavy metals (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As)), macro- and micronutrients, and 24 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in cow milk and seven PBMAs (almond, soy, oat, coconut, hemp, rice, and cashew). Twenty-two commercial products were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). PBMAs exhibited higher and more variable concentrations of Cr, As, and Cd than cow milk, with rice and hemp milks showing the highest arsenic and chromium levels, respectively. Lead concentrations were comparable across milk types. Fortified PBMAs showed elevated calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), and magnesium (Mg) relative to cow milk, reflecting formulation-driven rather than intrinsic nutritional differences. All milk categories contained detectable residues of multiple OCPs, including dicofol, mirex, and hexachlorobenzene, highlighting the persistence of legacy pesticides in modern food products. Although concentrations generally remained below regulatory limits, the widespread occurrence of both metals and OCPs underscores the need for continued monitoring and improved transparency for both dairy and plant-based milks.\n\nID: 41942676\nTitle: Impact of CBD and hemp oil use on drug test results: a systematic review.\nAbstract: BACKGROUND: Hemp-derived products, especially CBD (cannabidiol) oil and hemp oil, have shown a notable increase of use in recent years. CBD oil is a compound derived from the cannabis plant, whilst hemp oil is a product derived from hemp seeds. Trans-\u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in cannabis is responsible for the psychoactive effect, whereas CBD, having the same molecular weight, is a non-psychoactive compound with analgesic, antiepileptic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. The rapid uptake of these products has raised concerns about unintended cannabinoid findings (THC, 11-OH-THC and THC-COOH etc.) on drug tests, especially in workplaces, road safety applications, and anti-doping programs. Although many CBD and hemp oils are marketed as \u201cTHC-free,\u201d trace amounts of THC may be present in some products due to manufacturing variability, mislabeling, or contamination. These trace amounts may yield detectable levels in biological matrices or may cause cannabinoids findings. Regulatory frameworks for THC in cannabis products exist in several jurisdictions, but oversight of CBD-containing oils remains heterogeneous, creating gaps in quality control and labeling. METHODS: This systematic review aimed to evaluate whether the use of CBD and hemp oil may lead to cannabinoid-positive results in drug testing, potentially causing suspicion of cannabis use. The research design was prepared according to the PRISMA guidelines. The review included studies published in English between March 2014 and March 2024 that met the search criteria based on the keywords \u201cpsychoactive effects\u201d, \u201cforensic toxicology\u201d, \u201cTHC positive\u201d, \u201cdelta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol\u201d, \u201cdelta-9-THC\u201d, \u201ctest\u201d, and \u201canalysis\u201d paired with the terms \u201cCBD Oil\u201d and \u201cHemp Oil\u201d separately in the PubMed, WOS, and SCOPUS databases. RESULTS: The literature search yielded 477 results, 12 of which met the inclusion criteria. Eight of the 12 studies included evaluate of the possibility of positive cannabinoid findings or negative results in biological materials as a result of CBD and hemp oil use in humans. Five of these studies reported that the use of these oils would not create a positive result above the \u201climit of detection (LOQ) or cut-off levels\u201d in the drug tests for THC. Although concentrations above the limit were not encountered, it is noteworthy, that trace levels or those close to the detection limits of cannabinoid levels were obtained. There are four studies designed to evaluate the conversion of CBD to THC in human metabolism after the use of oil products and two out of four studies emphasize that there will be no biotransformation or extraction-induced transformation after the use of CBD and hemp oils. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review addresses current evidence on the occurrence and underlying causes of cannabinoid-positive drug test results following the consumption of CBD and hemp oils, highlighting critical gaps in analytical testing strategies and regulatory oversight. Positivity mainly arises from the product content (e.g., undeclared or excessive THC, mislabeling, and contamination), the matrix, the administration route, and the sensitivity and specificity of the analytical methods. The potential for CBD to convert to THC during manufacturing or in the human body may pose legal risks for individuals using CBD or hemp oil in countries with zero-tolerance policies.\n\nID: 41912786\nTitle: Biomass formation and yield performance in diverse multicrops and their potential for biofuel use in short-growing boreal climate conditions.\nAbstract: Herbaceous plant biomass is an important resource for energy production and an effective strategy to ensure energy supply independence. Growing agricultural plant mixtures (multicrops) contributes to increasing biomass yields, enhancing farm biodiversity, improving soil health, and promoting environmental sustainability. However, most crop mixtures have not been studied at all. For this reason, stationary field experiment was conducted from 2020 to 2022 at Vytautas Magnus University, Agriculture Academy, Kaunas reg., Lithuania. The aim of the study was to evaluate the development and productivity of maize, industrial hemp and faba bean single crops and its binary and ternary mixtures, as well as the related energy and environmental aspects of the applied agrotechnologies, under short growing season conditions. Faba bean ecosystem services improved maize and industrial hemp growth in mixtures, increasing plant height by 14%, leaf assimilation area by 24%, and chlorophyll index by 19%, indicating enhanced nitrogen availability and photosynthetic activity in companion crops. Although biomass of individual species decreased in more diverse mixtures, total plot biomass increased, with the ternary maize-hemp-faba bean crop producing 4-8 times more dried biomass than single crops in the first year. The ternary system achieved the highest Comprehensive evaluation index (CEI\u2009=\u20094.54) and the greatest net energy yield (367,668\u00a0MJ ha\u207b1) despite higher fuel consumption (103.3\u00a0L ha\u207b1). Pellets produced from ternary biomass met quality standards (density 1238\u00a0kg m\u207b3, ash 6%, ash shrinkage temperature 1042\u00a0\u00b0C), while Life cycle assessment showed lower environmental impacts for mixed-crop biomass compared with single maize crop (29.1\u00a0kg CO\u2082 eq GJ\u207b1). Overall, diversified cropping systems demonstrate strong potential for sustainable biomass production and environmentally efficient bioenergy generation.\n\nID: 41911092\nTitle: Variations in Regulated Cannabis Sales Conditions and Their Effect on Purchase Behaviour: Findings from an Observational Study.\nAbstract: Introduction: Many countries are exploring regulations for non-medical cannabis markets to mitigate cannabis-related health risks. Regulations such as restricting opening hours or product variability may be useful tools, yet their effects on cannabis purchases remain understudied due to a lack of comprehensive sales data. The Z\u00fcri Can study implements a framework for strictly regulated cannabis sales, with a fixed product portfolio and a maximum purchase volume. The dataset contains all tracked purchases of 2,507 participants from August 22, 2023, to January 17, 2025, across ten Cannabis Social Clubs (CSCs), ten pharmacies, and the municipal Drug Information Centre Zurich (DIZ). It captures detailed information on sales conditions (opening hours, product variety, customers per hour) and purchase behaviour (purchase frequency, number of packages per purchase, THC volume, and expenditure per package). Generalised estimating equations provided means and confidence intervals by type of point of sale (POS). Multilevel survival analysis and random coefficient models examined how sales conditions influenced purchase behaviour, and how purchase behaviour evolved over time. Pharmacies had notably more weekly operating days (5.66), longer daily opening hours (6.16), and fewer customers per hour (1.08) than CSCs (3.81 days; 3.76 h; 4.62 customers per hour) and the DIZ (2.85 days; 3.28 h, 3.37 customers per hour). However, compared to the POS average, longer opening hours and more customers per hour only slightly increased purchase frequency; their impact on purchase amount was negligible. Variations in the number of available products only marginally affected purchasing behaviour. Purchase frequency was higher in the 30 days following the first purchase and declined over 12 months (CSCs, pharmacies) or remained stable (DIZ) while amount obtained per purchase remained stable. These findings suggest that in a strictly regulated non-medical cannabis market similar to the framework of the Z\u00fcri Can study, variations in sales conditions only have a small impact on purchase behaviour. Legal access to cannabis does not inherently lead to increased purchasing and may even contribute to a decline in purchase frequency.
.\n\nID: 41897881\nTitle: Randomized and Blind Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Full-Spectrum Oral Cannabis sativa Oil Extract, Standardized Based on CBD-A, CBD and THC-A, THC in Canines with Chronic Osteoarthritis.\nAbstract: Chronic osteoarthritis (COA) is a progressive and degenerative condition that causes joint inflammation and pain, often requiring long-term pharmacological management. Conventional treatments may lead to adverse effects, tolerance, and limited analgesic efficacy. This randomized, double-blind clinical trial evaluated the analgesic potential of a full-spectrum Cannabis sativa oil extract administered orally twice daily over six weeks in dogs with COA. Subjects were assigned to three groups: Cannabis, Placebo, and Control. Pain was assessed using the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) and the Canine Osteoarthritis Staging Tool (COAST), which ranges from 0 to 4. The Cannabis extract (46.4 mg/mL) total cannabinoids: Cannabidiol (CBD), Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC), and Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), were administered using a cautious dose escalation protocol. Treatment began at ~0.1 mg/kg every 12 h, increasing by one drop (1.16 mg) every 72 h. This gradual titration continued until reaching the maximum tolerated dose (2 mg/kg every 12 h), which was maintained for the final two weeks. The protocol was designed to minimize adverse effects and allow close monitoring, especially in geriatric or clinically fragile dogs. By day 28, when the DMT was reached, the Cannabis group showed a 39.6% reduction in CBPI scores, compared to 24.7% in the Placebo group and a 1.6% increase in the Control group. COAST scores improved from level 4 to level 3 in 55.5% of dogs in the Cannabis group, with no changes observed in the other groups. We hypothesize that the co-administration of carprofen, meloxicam, or pregabalin with a full-spectrum Cannabis sativa extract-rich in acidic cannabinoids and terpenes-enhances pain relief and mobility in dogs with COA more effectively than conventional therapies alone. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of an oily full-spectrum Cannabis sativa extract as an adjunctive treatment to NSAIDs in twenty-seven dogs diagnosed with COA, and to compare pain intensity across three treatments groups.\n\nID: 41866040\nTitle: Unintended Consequences of A Quality Improvement Initiative on Racial Inequity in Newborn Drug Testing.\nAbstract: Prenatal substance exposure is associated with harm to newborns and their families. Clinicians must report in utero controlled substance exposure to Child Protective Services (CPS). Studies have found that clinicians disproportionately order toxicology tests for Black infants, particularly in the absence of standardized policies for drug testing, which may lead to disproportionate downstream harm for Black families. The aim of this single-center quality improvement (QI) study is to eliminate racial inequity in drug testing for potentially substance-exposed newborns. The QI team identified lack of standardized policy and clinician education as key drivers and implemented a QI change from December 2022 to July 2024, which included a policy to standardize indications for meconium drug testing linked to an order set and QI dashboard. Descriptive statistics regarding testing rates and indications for testing stratified by race and ethnicity were performed before and after QI interventions. A total of 10\u2009637 individuals were included in the study population. The rate of testing increased from 5.2% pre-policy to 9.9% post-policy for Black newborns (relative risk [RR] 1.89, 95% CI: 1.27-2.81, P\u2009=\u2009.002). The rate of testing for white newborns was stable (3.2% to 3.7%, RR\u20091.14, 95% CI: 0.90-1.45, P\u2009=\u2009.27). Reasons for testing varied by race; being late to prenatal care accounted for 19.4% of all tests performed for Black newborns compared with 7.1% of all tests for white newborns. Testing for isolated marijuana use increased from 4.5% to 7.2% for Black newborns and remained stable, from 2.6% for 2.7%, for white newborns. Implementing a standardized policy and order set widened the inequity between Black and white newborns and increased testing rates for all newborns. Ongoing QI efforts include reevaluation of our approach to postnatal drug testing for prenatal cannabis exposure.\n\nID: 41847940\nTitle: Hemp flowers cultivated on a soil contaminated with cadmium, lead and zinc exhibit valorization potential.\nAbstract: Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an effective crop for the phytomanagement of lands contaminated with trace metals, demonstrating tolerance to metal toxicity without significant impacts on its value-chain. However, the effects of metal contamination on hemp flowers remain understudied, limiting the assessment of the valorization potential for this valuable plant part. In a greenhouse experiment, we evaluated flower production, cannabinoid content and metal accumulation in hemp grown on a soil contaminated with Cd, Pb and Zn (pseudo-total concentrations: 13.0, 664 and 1048\u2009mg kg-1, respectively). Our results suggest a limited capacity for phytoextraction, with low removal rates for all three metals. Still, hemp flowers presented favorable features that support valorization potential. Both flower biomass and the synthesis of cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol were comparable to plants grown under reference conditions. Notably, inflorescences exhibited the lowest accumulation of Cd and Pb among all plant tissues. Concentrations for these elements were 0.45 and 1.1\u2009mg kg-1 respectively, remaining below most commercial limits for herbal drug products. These findings demonstrate that hemp flowers can be safely produced on metal-contaminated soils, reinforcing the suitability of hemp as a robust and versatile crop for the phytomanagement of legacy metal pollution. This study assesses the valorization potential of hemp flowers grown on a soil presenting elevated levels of cadmium, lead and zinc. Our findings reveal that flowers could potentially be valorized in phytomanagement contexts, and that they accumulated lead and cadmium less than other plant tissues. This is the first time that such observation is made for lead, while the limited existing data for cadmium in that regard is hereby consolidated.\n\nID: 41782037\nTitle: Single cell multiomic analysis of the impact of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on HIV infected CD4 T cells.\nAbstract: Cannabis use is prevalent among individuals living with HIV in the United States, but the impact of cannabis exposure on the reservoir of latently infected cells that persists during antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains unclear. To address this gap, we analyzed the effect of \u0394-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on primary CD4 T cells that were latently infected with HIV. We found that THC did not have a strong effect on baseline or latency reversing agent (LRA) stimulated HIV expression, or on expression of an activation marker (CD38). However, using an integrated multiomic single-cell analysis of genome-wide chromatin accessibility and gene expression, we observed altered expression of several hundred genes in HIV infected CD4 T cells after THC exposure, including transcriptional downregulation of genes involved in protein translation and antiviral pathways, indicating that THC suppresses innate immune activation in infected cells. Additionally, chromatin accessibility analysis demonstrated upregulated chromatin binding activity for the transcriptional regulator CTCF, and reduced activity for members of the ETS transcription factor family in infected cells after THC exposure. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which cannabis use could influence the persistence of HIV within cellular reservoirs and the molecular phenotype of latently infected cells. Further elucidation of the underlying mechanisms involved in THC-mediated changes to HIV infected cells, will lead to an improved understanding of the impact of cannabis use on the HIV reservoir.\n\nID: 41733607\nTitle: Cannabidiol-rich extract suppresses the activation of proinflammatory genes IL-1\u03b2 and IL-6 in equine mesenchymal stem cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide.\nAbstract: Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) often lead to long-term functional impairment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cannabidiol (CBD) have shown anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in vitro, which may be relevant for PNI research. The aim of this study was to evaluate CBD-rich cannabis extract\u2019s potential to induce anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic gene expression in equine adipose tissue-derived MSCs (EqAT-MSCs) in an inflammatory in vitro environment. The morphology and metabolic activity of EqAT-MSCs (n\u2009=\u20094) were assessed after CBD-rich extract priming at concentrations of 3, 5, 7, and 9 \u00b5M for 24 and 48\u00a0h. Cytokine and neurotrophic gene expression was evaluated under these conditions: DMEM (unprimed), DMEM\u2009+\u2009LPS (lipopolysaccharide) (10 ng/ml), and LPS (10 ng/ml) + DMEM\u2009+\u2009CBD at 3, 5, and 7 \u00b5M for 24 and 48\u00a0h. No morphological changes were observed in primed EqAT-MSCs versus unprimed cells. EqAT-MSCs showed a reduction in metabolic activity at 9 \u00b5M after 24\u00a0h. CBD priming following LPS stimulation led to statistically significant changes in EqAT-MSC gene expression. BDNF expression increased after 48\u00a0h (3 and 5 \u00b5M), while NGF expression decreased at both 24 and 48\u00a0h (3, 5, and 7 \u00b5M). IL-1\u03b2 expression decreased after 24\u00a0h (3 and 7 \u00b5M), and IL-6 levels decreased at both 24 (5 and 7 \u00b5M) and 48\u00a0h (3, 5, and 7 \u00b5M). No significant changes were observed in GDNF, TNF-\u0251, IFN-\u0263, or IL-10. These results indicate that CBD-rich extract selectively modulates inflammatory and neurotrophic gene expression in EqAT-MSCs while maintaining metabolic integrity.\n\nID: 41736720\nTitle: Do different types of potentially traumatic events hold different relationships with substance use in adolescence?\nAbstract: Much of prior literature examines potentially traumatic event (PTE) exposure as a cumulative risk, though PTEs may not have an equal impact on substance use (SU). In the current study, we test McLaughlin & Sheridan's (2016) model in a sample of 11,800 community youth (ages 9-15 years old) enrolled in the nationwide, longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study to examine the impact of PTE types on SU. We analyze concurrent associations between PTE types (physical abuse, domestic violence, community violence, emotional neglect, poverty, and institutionalization / deprivation) and substance use (pooling alcohol, cannabis, or nicotine) and prospective associations whereby exposure to different PTE types predicts SU one year later (self-medication hypothesis). For concurrent associations, we find emotional neglect and physical abuse were significantly positively related to SU. In terms of prospective associations, institutionalization / deprivation, emotional neglect, and physical abuse significantly positively predicted SU. A majority of associations between PTE types and SU were accounted for by other PTE types and time-varying covariates (e.g., internalizing/externalizing symptoms). The association between PTEs and SU during adolescence varies across PTE types. PTEs categorized as physical abuse and emotional neglect are more likely to lead to SU. Findings suggest that surveillance for SU is especially warranted in youth experiencing emotional neglect and physical abuse relative to other PTEs. Future research should examine more types of PTEs along a wider age span to replicate findings.\n\nID: 41736387\nTitle: Substance and Behavioural Addictions Among Evacuees: Findings From Israeli Swords of Iron War.\nAbstract: War-related evacuation is a stressful event that may cause mental health problems, which, in turn, might lead to increases in substance and behavioural addictions. We used data collected online during the Swords of Iron to examine associations between being evacuated during the war, mental health, problematic substance use, and behavioural addictions. Study 1 surveyed young adults (ages 18-26) from various areas of Israel. Measures included self-reported anxiety, depression, problematic consumption of alcohol, cannabis, and prescription drugs, and problematic gambling, gaming, and pornography. Evacuees (n\u00a0=\u00a0111) reported higher levels of anxiety, depression, problematic alcohol consumption, and problem gambling than non-evacuees (n\u00a0=\u00a0973), with increased depression, problematic alcohol consumption and problem gambling among men. In Study 2, we used data from a quasi-representative sample of Jewish Israelis (ages 18-70), that included the same measures, in addition to problematic social media and internet usage. Findings replicated and extended those of Study 1: evacuees (n\u00a0=\u00a0158) had higher rates of problematic use of all the assessed outcomes, compared to those not evacuated (n\u00a0=\u00a02485), with increased problematic use of alcohol, prescription drug, and gambling among men. In both Studies, the results held when controlling for exposure to war stressors and feelings of danger during the war, indicating that evacuation had a unique effect beyond the primary trauma of war. We discuss the limitations of the current research and consider its implications to addiction theory and gender differences in addictions and offer directions for future research and clinical considerations.\n\nID: 41731563\nTitle: Comparative analysis of metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, microbial contaminants and THC potency in illegal and regulated cannabis inflorescences in Canada.\nAbstract: BACKGROUND: Following the legalization of recreational cannabis in Canada under the Cannabis Act (2018), regulatory frameworks were implemented to ensure product safety, quality, and consistency within the legal market. Previous studies revealed significantly greater pesticide contamination in illegal cannabis than in legal products. In light of these findings, the present study expands contaminant surveillance to include the quantification of \u0394\u2079-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and a broader range of potential toxicants, including metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, and microbial agents. METHODS: Fifty legal cannabis products were purchased across Canadian provinces, and 50 illegal samples were obtained via law enforcement seizures. All the samples were tested via validated, accredited/attested methods. THC content was assessed using LC-UV-MS. Pesticides were analyzed via LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS; metals via ICP-MS/MS; mycotoxins via LC-MS/MS; and microbial contamination using MALDI-TOF. RESULTS: THC levels in 48% of legal products deviated by more than 20% from their labeled concentrations. Microbiological testing revealed that 20% of legal products exceeded the European Pharmacopoeia microbial limits, prompting appropriate compliance and enforcement measures to address each of these cases. In contrast, 55% of the illegal products exceeded the aerobic plate count thresholds, and 73% surpassed the yeast and mold limits. Mycotoxins were undetected in legal products but were present in 12% of illegal samples. Pesticide residues were found at trace levels (0.01\u00a0\u00b5g/g) for myclobutanil and dichlobenil in two legal samples, whereas 94% of illegal samples contained pesticides, averaging 3.4 compounds per sample across 24 unique active ingredients. Metal analysis revealed higher levels of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in illegal products than in their legal counterparts. However, legal samples presented higher chromium concentrations, with peak values approximately threefold greater than those observed in illegal cannabis. The concentrations of arsenic, barium, chromium, copper, molybdenum, nickel, and vanadium exceeded the\u00a0inhalation concentration limits found in Table 2 of USP <232> of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) in one or both product categories. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that legal THC levels differ from their label claims as well as that contaminants differ between legal and illegal cannabis products. The results provide evidence to inform regulatory oversight, enhance risk assessment efforts, and support informed decision-making by consumers and policymakers in the context of a legal cannabis framework.\n\nID: 41715907\nTitle: A 2025 Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey on Public Attitudes Toward the Legalization and Depenalization of Recreational Cannabis in Poland.\nAbstract: The legalization and depenalization of recreational cannabis is increasingly debated in Europe, including in Poland, where medical cannabis was legalized in 2017. Despite ongoing public discourse, up-to-date data on public attitudes toward recreational cannabis legalization remain limited. This study aimed to characterize public attitudes toward the legalization and depenalization of recreational cannabis in Poland. This retrospective, cross-sectional, computer-assisted web interviewing-based nationwide survey was conducted between July 11 and 13, 2025, using an online questionnaire completed by a representative sample of 1113 Polish adults. The survey assessed support for recreational cannabis depenalization, perceived accessibility, attitudes toward personal possession laws, and views on the impact of medical cannabis legalization. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with public attitudes. Results showed 29.6% respondents supported full legalization of recreational cannabis, 39.6% favored depenalization (eg, legal possession of up to 100 g or 3 plants), and 18.7% perceived cannabis as easily accessible; 32.4% expressed concern that medical cannabis legalization may lead to increased recreational use. Support for legalization and depenalization was significantly associated with male sex, younger age (18-29 years), urban residence, active occupational status, and good household economic status. Eight years after medical cannabis legalization, public opinion in Poland shows limited support for full recreational legalization but substantially greater acceptance of depenalization, revealing a clear policy gradient. Demographic factors of sex, age, and place of residence strongly shape public attitudes. These findings provide evidence to inform drug policy discussions in Poland and other Central and Eastern European countries.\n\nID: 41703639\nTitle: Association between marijuana use and erectile dysfunction in a sample of sexual minority men: a cross-sectional analysis.\nAbstract: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a condition characterized by difficulty in achieving or maintaining an erection, consequently affecting sexual performance. ED is often a symptom of underlying health conditions such as cardiovascular heart disease and can lead to psychological distress. Previous studies show an association between marijuana use and ED through its potential impact on the endocannabinoid pathways. However, few studies have explored this relationship among sexual minority men (SMM). Considering this knowledge gap, this study aims to assess the association between marijuana use and erectile dysfunction in a sample of SMM in the United States. A secondary analysis of the Men's Body Project (MBP)-a cross-sectional study involving an online survey assessing SMM health outcomes-data was conducted. Multivariable logistic regression and bivariate analyses were used to examine the association between marijuana use and ED. Participants provided demographic information, self-reported ED, erection confidence, erection difficulty, and history of substance use. A total of 549 participants completed the survey (52.1% gay and 47.9% bisexual). The prevalence of ED was higher in bisexual men compared to gay men. Results from the adjusted logistic regression analysis suggested that people who use marijuana had 1.83 times the odds (95% CI: 1.23, 2.74) of reporting erectile dysfunction compared to non-users. Our results suggest a significant association between marijuana use and elevated odds of experiencing erectile dysfunction. These findings highlight the importance of integrating sexual health screening into primary care and considering substance use during sexual health assessments to support early identification and management of ED. Additional research is needed to explore temporal and causal relationships between marijuana use frequency and erectile function.\n\nID: 41689152\nTitle: Expected population prevalence following decriminalization of recreational use of cannabis in Sweden.\nAbstract: BACKGROUND: Many countries and jurisdictions have recently adopted more lenient cannabis laws. While use remains prohibited in Sweden, this stance is debated due to high drug-related mortality. To inform this debate, we predicted changes in cannabis use following a hypothetical decriminalization in Sweden. METHODS: Jurisdiction-level data on self-reported cannabis use from 12 countries (across Europe and Australia) and four U.S. states were used in a multilevel meta-regression model to predict the most likely changes in past 12-month and past 30-day cannabis use following decriminalization in Sweden. RESULTS: We predicted an immediate increase in the prevalence of both past 12-month and past 30-day cannabis use following decriminalization. However, the longer-term trends differed between these measures. For past 12-month use, the gap in prevalence between scenarios with and without decriminalization gradually narrowed over time. In contrast, for past 30-day use, the gap widened. CONCLUSIONS: Decriminalizing cannabis use in Sweden would lead to an initial increase of self-reported cannabis use. The extent to which this reflects a genuine increase in use or an increased propensity to disclose the behavior remains to be understood. After this initial increase experimental use tends to stabilize, while recurrent use may continue to increase, probably indicating an increasing pool of individuals transitioning towards dependence. The method we propose for predicting population trends in cannabis use following decriminalization can be easily replicated in other context and used to support evidence-based policy decisions.\n\nID: 41652844\nTitle: Industrial Cannabis, Cannabic Residue or Industrial Cannabis Waste? Perspectives on the Utilization, Reutilization, and Recycling of Cannabis.\nAbstract: Cannabis sativa L. is an annual herbaceous plant with a long history of multipurpose use, including food, textile, and medicinal applications. The progressive legalization in several countries has significantly increased its large-scale cultivation, consequently generating a substantial amount of biomass waste. This scenario calls for innovative and sustainable strategies to valorize Cannabis residues, aiming at promoting the circular economy and technological innovation. An integrative review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Systematic searches were performed in SCOPUS, PubMed, and SciELO, complemented by specialized platforms such as CANNUSE and CONSENSUS. Peer-reviewed empirical studies were included if they addressed the utilization, reutilization, or recycling of C. sativa by-products or residues for the development of industrial products, processes, or inputs. The analysis considered thematic and commercial domains, geographic origin, and biomass type. A total of 262 studies were included, with 144 retrieved from indexed databases and 118 from alternative methods. The most commonly explored residues were stems (48.2%), seeds (21.0%), and postextraction residuum (9.7%). The majority of applications were related to technology and innovation (37.5%) and industrial sectors (36.9%). A total of 328 technologies were identified, highlighting applications such as textile fibers, bioplastics, biofuels, functional foods, adsorbents, and natural cosmetics. Italy, China, and the United States led in scientific production. Leaves (7.0%) and roots (0.9%) were significantly underexplored despite their bioactive potential. The findings demonstrate a growing global interest in the valorization of C. sativa residues, with promising applications in bioeconomy, regenerative agriculture, phytoremediation, and energy transition. The integration of traditional knowledge and green technologies is a key strategy to enhance sustainability and socioterritorial inclusion. Nonetheless, regulatory gaps and a lack of robust clinical and toxicological studies limit the use of by-products in food and feed chains. The residual biomass of C. sativa holds high technological, environmental, and economic value. Strategic valorization demands regulatory advancement, the development of green technologies, and the strengthening of multidisciplinary research. Industrial Cannabis emerges as a driver of ecological, social, and economic transformation toward sustainable circular production systems.\n\nID: 41650924\nTitle: Non-invasive detection of gastric cancer biomarker 4-HBA via a ZIF/CDs-based fluorescent sensor.\nAbstract: Urine analysis has become an increasingly valuable tool in modern medical diagnostics due to its non-invasive nature. In this study, we report the development of a novel fluorescent sensor based on ZIF-8 and CDs embedded in a molecularly imprinted polymer matrix (ZIF/CDs@MIPs) for the selective and sensitive detection of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), a potential gastric cancer biomarker. The integration of ZIF-8 enhanced the sensor's surface area, structural stability, and fluorescence performance. Optimization experiments revealed that a ZIF-8 concentration of 400\u00a0mg/L yielded the highest quenching efficiency. The sensor exhibited excellent fluorescence stability under varying pH, ionic strength, and UV exposure. A detailed analysis of the quenching mechanism indicated that dynamic quenching and electron transfer were involved in 4-HBA detection. The sensor showed strong selectivity for 4-HBA over common interferents, with a low detection limit of 0.68\u00a0\u03bcmol/L and a good linear response in the 0-100\u00a0\u03bcmol/L range. Application in real urine samples demonstrated high recovery rates (97.71-106.16%) and low relative standard deviations (0.80-2.95%), confirming its reliability and accuracy. These findings highlight the potential of ZIF/CDs@MIPs as a practical and non-invasive fluorescence sensing platform for biomarker monitoring in clinical diagnostics, especially for early gastric cancer detection.\n\nID: 41646547\nTitle: Unilateral Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in a Polysubstance User: A Case Report.\nAbstract: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a rare but severe condition characterized by bleeding into the alveolar spaces, which can lead to acute respiratory failure. The most common causes are vasculitides and autoimmune diseases, but the growing presence of illicit drugs such as cocaine and opioids in the lives of young adults has turned these into risk factors as well. We present a 32-year-old man with a history of heavy daily alcohol consumption (>350 g/day) and inhalational use of cannabis, cocaine, and heroin. He was found unconscious at home, with partial recovery of consciousness after administration of naloxone, leading to the assumption of an opioid overdose. He subsequently developed hypoventilation of the left hemithorax, severe global respiratory failure, and required invasive mechanical ventilation. Chest computed tomography revealed confluent consolidations involving almost the entire left lung, consistent with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. The diagnosis was confirmed by bronchoscopy with hemorrhagic bronchoalveolar lavage. Treatment included ventilatory support, empiric antibiotics, and supportive therapy for withdrawal. After a favorable clinical course, he was discharged with follow-up at a specialized support center. Drug-induced DAH represents a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. Polysubstance use, particularly the combination of cocaine and opioids, can cause alveolar injury and diffuse hemorrhage. Early recognition and intensive supportive care are essential for recovery. This case highlights the importance of considering DAH in patients with drug intoxication, especially in the context of simultaneous substance use. A high level of clinical suspicion is required for prompt diagnosis and appropriate intervention.\n\nID: 41645347\nTitle: Design, synthesis, and biological profiling of fluorinated cannabidiol and cannabigerol derivatives as promising therapeutic agents.\nAbstract: Cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG) are non-psychotropic phytocannabinoids that have significant, broad-spectrum therapeutic potential in a variety of pharmacological areas, but their unfavorable pharmacokinetics, such as extensive first-pass metabolism and low bioavailability, hinder their effective medical applications. Therefore, there is a great need for appropriate chemical modifications to improve their physicochemical properties. Incorporation of fluorine atom(s) at appropriate positions often improves the metabolic stability of the parent compound, increasing its bioavailability, and enhances its binding affinity to therapeutic targets, making fluorine a highly valuable element in modern drug development. Furthermore, amino functional groups may improve the water solubility and bioavailability of the compounds. Building on these principles, our strategy focused on introducing groups containing mono-, di-, and trifluoroethylamine or fluorinated aniline moieties into cannabinoids to improve their pharmacokinetic and pharmacological profiles. Mannich-type reaction was applied, using commercially available 2-fluoroethylamine, 2,2-difluoroethylamine, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine, 3-fluoroaniline and 4-fluoroaniline as reagents. One or two oxazine rings with fluorine-containing side chains were condensed to the aromatic core of the cannabinoids, and the formation of mono- or disubstituted derivatives was controlled by the appropriate choice of reaction conditions. The biological activity of the derivatives was investigated in various relevant fields. Our findings indicate that aliphatic modifications positively influence pharmacokinetic parameters, including absorption, in contrast to aromatic groups, which increase lipophilicity and lead to decreased bioavailability. Among the modifications, the monosubstituted derivatives containing a single oxazine ring with an aliphatic fluorine-containing side chain, especially the mono- and trifluoroethyl moieties, proved to be the most promising. These modifications appeared particularly advantageous in the CBG series compared to the properties of the CBG parent compound. This may suggest that the presence of a phenolic OH group is beneficial for biological activity. Some of the derivatives showed anticancer potential against various tumor cell lines, while others modulated sebaceous lipogenesis, and certain compounds exhibited a notable antimalarial effect.\n\nID: 41633444\nTitle: Daily Temporal Associations Between Use of Psychoactive Substances and Fatigue, Pain, Stress, and Depressive Symptoms in People With Multiple Sclerosis.\nAbstract: To examine daily within-person associations between symptoms reported by people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and psychoactive substance use using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). This secondary analysis used EMA data collected 4 times daily for 14 days at baseline and 1-year and 2-year follow-ups. Community. Ambulatory adults with MS (N=258). Participants completed daily EMAs via smartphone, reporting use of psychoactive substances and symptoms. Psychoactive substance use (alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, cannabis, and opioids) was assessed dichotomously (yes/no). Momentary symptoms, including fatigue, pain, stress, and depressive symptoms, were assessed using brief self-report measures. Mixed-effects logistic regression models assessed lagged associations between symptoms and subsequent substance use; multilevel models examined the reverse direction. Momentary increases in stress predicted lower odds of alcohol use. Higher average pain was linked to reduced alcohol use and increased opioid use. Substance use also predicted symptoms: alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis were associated with greater fatigue, whereas caffeine predicted reduced fatigue. Cannabis was linked to higher momentary pain, and opioids to higher average pain. Alcohol was associated with reduced stress, whereas caffeine predicted increased stress. MS symptoms and psychoactive substance use are dynamically and bidirectionally related. These findings improve understanding of how individuals with MS use substances for symptom regulation, which may lead to both beneficial and adverse outcomes.\n\nID: 42357416\nTitle: CBD-Containing Hemp Extracts and Isolated CBD for Acne: A Systematic Review of Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms, Clinical Signals and Sustainability.\nAbstract: Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has emerged as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds, with increasing interest in cosmeceutical applications for acne management. This systematic review synthesises evidence on cannabinoid-containing hemp extracts, particularly cannabidiol (CBD), with emphasis on anti-inflammatory and sebostatic mechanisms, alongside formulation considerations and supply-chain sustainability. Reporting followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and encompassed preclinical and clinical evidence relevant to acne-associated outcomes. The review protocol was registered prospectively with PROSPERO (CRD420251272093). Across cell-based, ex vivo and early clinical studies, CBD modulated key inflammatory mediators, including TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6 and IL-8; normalised sebocyte activity and attenuated Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes)-induced inflammatory signalling. Preliminary clinical observations indicate reductions in lesion counts and erythema, with generally favourable short-term tolerability; however, interpretation is limited by small sample sizes, predominantly non-randomised designs, heterogeneous formulations and frequent co-formulation with additional active ingredients. Evidence supporting direct antimicrobial efficacy and durable clinical benefit remains limited. Lipid-rich hemp seed-derived products were considered only in a contextual capacity for barrier-supportive and nutritional properties and were excluded from efficacy synthesis unless cannabinoid content was verified. Sustainability analyses highlight hemp's low water requirements, carbon sequestration potential and relevance to Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being) and Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production), supporting its role in environmentally responsible cosmeceutical development. Overall, CBD-containing hemp extracts show biologically plausible and clinically promising adjunctive potential for mild-to-moderate inflammatory acne, but current evidence remains preliminary. This review highlights the need for methodologically rigorous and transparent clinical studies, standardised formulations, validated outcome measures and the integration of sustainability metrics to strengthen evidence synthesis, clarify clinical relevance and guide responsible cosmeceutical development.\n\nID: 42315114\nTitle: Seed Compositional Profiling of 21 Industrial Hemp Varieties and Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Wild and Cultivated Cannabis sativa L. Genotypes.\nAbstract: Industrial hemp is a nutritious crop with wide implications. We conducted a comprehensive study of amino acid, fatty acid, and sugar profiles, which have a profound impact on human nutrition and animal feed. We found that variety significantly influences the nutritional profile of hemp. Furthermore, we found glutamic acid, arginine, and aspartic acid to be the primary amino acids; linoleic acid was the major fatty acid, and fructose and sucrose were the dominant sugars. Proteomic analysis identified 240 differential proteins (DEPs) in wild and cultivated dual-type varieties and 648 in wild and fiber-type hemp varieties. We found that all the varieties shared common proteins, indicating a strong seed proteomic profile in the domesticated and wild-type varieties. Notably, most of the differentially expressed proteins were downregulated in cultivated types compared to their wild counterparts. Overall, this study elucidates the nutritional and proteomic profiles of diverse hemp varieties, providing fundamental insights into the molecular and genetic changes associated with the domestication and cultivation of hemp.\n\nID: 42280149\nTitle: Sustainable Extraction of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds from Cannabis Leaf Powder from Local Strain of Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina, to Promote a Circular Economy.\nAbstract: This study aimed to optimize the extraction of total phenolic compounds from Cannabis sativa L. leaf powder cultivated in Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina (INBIOFIV 00500 Tuc chemotype), using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and to evaluate the process at a screening level in terms of environmental performance. Although leaves are not the primary raw material in the medicinal cannabis industry-where inflorescences are preferentially used due to their cannabinoid content-they represent an underutilized biomass with potential for valorization as a source of bioactive phenolic compounds for cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical applications. The leaves were dried and ground to a particle size between 74 and 840 \u00b5m. The effects of process parameters, including solid-to-liquid ratio, solvent composition, and extraction time, were evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions predicted by the model were 46% ethanol, a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:10 (w/v), 70% amplitude, and 30 \u00b0C. Although the model indicated a short optimal sonication time (1 min), experimental results showed that a plateau in extraction yield was reached at 6 min, with no significant increase thereafter. Under these conditions, the extract exhibited high total phenolic content (1746.83 \u00b5g GAE/mL) and total flavonoids (858.41 \u00b5g QE/mL), along with strong antioxidant activity. The extract showed no significant toxicity in the Artemia salina assay. The environmental performance of the process was assessed at a laboratory scale. The total energy consumption was 0.329 \u00b1 0.08 kWh per extraction batch, corresponding to a carbon footprint of 0.12 kg CO2 per batch, based on Argentina's electricity emission factor (0.387 kg CO2/kWh). When normalized to extraction yield, the process exhibited a relative carbon footprint of 0.0052 kg CO2/mg GAE, indicating favorable energy efficiency per unit of antioxidant recovered. These results demonstrate that UAE is a rapid and energy-efficient technique for the recovery of phenolic compounds from cannabis leaves, supporting their valorization within a circular economy framework. However, further studies at a pilot scale and full life cycle assessment are required to confirm the environmental performance of the process at industrial level.\n\nID: 42278332\nTitle: The Role of the Rhizosphere, Endophytes, and the Influence of Plant-Growth-Promoting Bacteria: Take the Cannabis Microbiome as an Example.\nAbstract: Cannabis sativa L. is a multipurpose crop of increasing agricultural and medical relevance, whose productivity and phytocannabinoid profile are influenced not only by genotype and environmental factors but also by the composition of its microbiota. This review synthesizes current knowledge (2020-2026) on the rhizosphere and endophytic microbiota of hemp, with particular emphasis on plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and their mechanisms of action. Molecular studies indicate that hemp-associated bacterial communities are dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Firmicutes and Bacteroidota, with genotype-, tissue- and developmental-stage-dependent variation. PGPB influence plant performance through direct mechanisms, including biological nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, siderophore production and phytohormone synthesis (indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins, cytokinins, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase), as well as indirect mechanisms such as antibiosis, enzyme-mediated pathogen inhibition and induction of systemic tolerance to abiotic stress. Experimental studies demonstrate that inoculation with selected strains or consortia can enhance biomass accumulation, improve germination and root architecture, increase resistance to Fusarium oxysporum and modulate cannabinoid and terpene profiles. Importantly, plant responses are cultivar-specific, highlighting the need for genotype-tailored microbial formulations.\n\nID: 42185735\nTitle: Cannabinoids and Terpenoids in Hemp Inflorescence and Leaves of Three Varieties in Yunnan China.\nAbstract: In this paper, the cannabinoid and terpene components of three different varieties of industrial hemp inflorescence and leaves from Yunnan Province, China, were investigated through liquid chromatography (LC) and headspace solid-phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). The qualitative and quantitative analyses data were statistically analyzed to identify and distinguish the differences and correlations among the different cultivars. The results showed that the content of \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC) in all the samples of experiment was less than 0.3%, meeting the legal requirements of industrial hemp in China. The \u03949-THC content in hemp flowers and leaves of the three varieties \"Yunma 7, 8, and 10\" decreased in turn, while the content of cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) gradually increased, which reflected the differences in the key chemical substance contents among the three varieties with different uses. The content of total beneficial cannabinoids and cannabidiol (CBD) was the highest in Yunma 8. The volatile components of the Yunma variety are extremely abundant, and among them, terpenes are the main components that contribute the distinctive aroma of \"Yunma,\" including caryophyllene, bisabolene, humulene, and alloaromadendrene. The finding of this study may help provide a reference for the medical and pharmaceutical development of industrial hemp, while also providing a scientific basis for variety optimization of the Yunma series.\n\nID: 42123526\nTitle: Species-Specific Effects of Humic Substances and Mycorrhiza on Antioxidant Defense and Metal Stress Tolerance in Cannabis sativa, Sorghum sudanense \u00d7 bicolor, and Miscanthus \u00d7 giganteus Under Field Conditions.\nAbstract: Abiotic stresses, including heavy metal contamination, can severely impair plant growth and antioxidative defense. However, their adverse effects may be mitigated through sustainable strategies such as biostimulant application. This study investigated the effects of humic substances (HSs), alone or combined with mycorrhizal inoculation (M), on oxidative stress and antioxidative responses in Cannabis sativa, Sorghum sudanense \u00d7 bicolor, and Miscanthus \u00d7 giganteus grown under field conditions on metal-contaminated agricultural soil exceeding regulatory thresholds for Zn, Pb, and Cd. Plant growth, lipid peroxidation, stress-related metabolites (proline, sugars), antioxidative enzyme activities (catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; guaiacol peroxidase, GOPX; glutathione reductase, GR, and superoxide dismutase, SOD), and leaf metal concentrations were analyzed. Biostimulants increased proline and sugars in Sorghum (by up to 55% and 80%, respectively), accompanied by reduced oxidative stress indicators and improved biomass (by 26%). In Cannabis, higher Cd and Pb concentrations following biostimulant treatments were associated with increased SOD, APX, and GR activities (by 33-267%), without affecting growth. In Miscanthus, increased lipid peroxidation (by 37-60%) occurred alongside enhanced GR and APX activities. These results indicate strong species-specific responses and absence of consistent synergistic effects of HSs and M, highlighting distinct physiological strategies of stress adaptation and antioxidative defense on metal-contaminated soils. Future research should address physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying these responses.\n\nID: 42119894\nTitle: Phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and phosphorus-enriched biochar enhance growth, cannabinoid content, and essential oil yield in salt-stressed hemp (Cannabis sativa L.).\nAbstract: Soil salinity induces phosphorus (P) deficiency, limiting crop productivity, yet the combined use of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and phosphorus-enriched biochar (P-biochar) under salinity remains unexplored. This study presents a novel integrated PSB+P-biochar approach to improve growth and secondary metabolite production in Cannabis sativa L. under salinity stress. A completely randomized design with three independent replicates (each replicate containing two pots) was employed. A factorial experiment was conducted with two factors: salinity at two levels (0 and 100\u202fmM NaCl) and soil amendment at six levels (control, B. subtilis, P. putida, P-biochar, B. subtilis + P-biochar, and P. putida + P-biochar). Seeds were inoculated with PSB and P-biochar was mixed into soil at 2% (w/w). Salinity decreased plant biomass, chlorophyll (Chl), relative water content (RWC), essential oil (EO) yield, and cannabinoids, while increasing proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to the control (no salinity). In plants exposed to salinity stress, P-biochar in combination with B. subtilis and P. putida respectively increased shoot weight (25% and 24%), root weight (28% and 38%), Chl (33% and 29%), RWC (16% and 15%), proline (17% and 19%), EO yield (49% and 37%), cannabidiol (13% and 12%), and tetrahydrocannabinol (16% and 14%), but lowered MDA (23% and 21%) compared to salinity-only treatment. The results are limited to greenhouse conditions and require field validation. Nonetheless, this combined strategy is recommended to enhance plant resilience and optimize pharmacologically active compound production in saline environments.\n\nID: 42109017\nTitle: Assessing the relationship between technical efficiency and net carbon balance in industrial hemp production systems in Turkey.\nAbstract: With the encouragement of international climate agreements, scientific and economic communities are increasingly seeking innovative strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to determine the net carbon balance of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) production systems, assess the technical efficiency of hemp farms, and examine the relationship between farm efficiency and carbon emissions. Primary data were collected through face-to-face surveys with 49 industrial hemp farms in Samsun province, the leading hemp-producing region of Turkey. Carbon equivalent emissions were calculated using crop-specific emission coefficients. Data envelopment analysis was employed to identify technically efficient and inefficient farms under industrial hemp seed and hemp fiber production systems. The results indicate that hemp absorbs approximately 16 times more carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere than it emits. One tonne of industrial hemp production was found to reduce 1.83 tonnes of CO2, confirming hemp as a net carbon remover. The net carbon balance of technically efficient farms was 39% higher than that of inefficient farms. Efficient farms absorbed an average of 21.56 tCO2, compared to 15.49 tCO2 for inefficient farms. The simulation results show that if inefficient farms improve their efficiency through input control, the net carbon balance could increase by 5.61 tCO2 per farm, corresponding to a total increase of 196 tCO2. Overall, industrial hemp production systems provide significant climate-regulation ecosystem services, with higher efficiency levels substantially enhancing carbon sequestration performance. Climate change is driven by greenhouse gas emissions from human activities, including agriculture. Identifying farming systems that can both produce crops and reduce carbon emissions is increasingly important. This study examines hemp farming in Turkey to understand its carbon balance and climate benefits. We analyzed data from hemp farms to compare carbon emissions and carbon absorption and to see whether more efficient farms provide greater environmental benefits. The results show that hemp absorbs much more carbon dioxide than it releases, making it a net carbon remover. Efficient hemp farms absorbed significantly more carbon than inefficient farms. Improving farm efficiency further increased carbon absorption. These findings show that hemp farming can support climate change mitigation and that efficient agricultural practices play a key role in strengthening climate\u2010related ecosystem services.\n\nID: 42101056\nTitle: Genetic architecture of phenological, morphological, and phytochemical traits in Cannabis landraces.\nAbstract: Despite its long history of cultivation and diverse applications, Cannabis sativa remains underexplored at the genomic level, particularly in landrace populations that harbor untapped genetic diversity. In this study, we investigated the genetic architecture of 145 Iranian cannabis landrace accessions, including both male and female plants, using 233K common SNPs and genome-wide association studies. Our analysis revealed three genetically distinct subpopulations shaped by geography, climate, and traditional cultivation practices. We identified 91 significant genomic regions associated with 40 phenological, morphological, and phytochemical traits, including 15 key loci with pleiotropic effects linked to multiple traits, including flowering time, plant architecture, biomass accumulation, and cannabinoid biosynthesis. These findings highlight the complex interplay between developmental and metabolic pathways in cannabis. The high heritability of most traits and rapid linkage disequilibrium decay underscore the potential of these landraces for high-resolution mapping and genetic improvement. This work provides a valuable genomic resource for marker-assisted selection, supporting the development of improved cultivars with tailored cannabinoid profiles and agronomic traits. Cannabis has long been used for medicinal and industrial purposes, but little is known about the genetics of traditional landraces that possess valuable traits. Our study aimed to identify the genes associated with key characteristics in these plants using a genome\u2010wide association study. We connected specific genes to traits such as flowering time, plant shape, and production of compounds like cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). In total, we identified 91 genomic regions related to 40 traits, including genes that influence multiple features at once. This genetic map provides breeders with tools to develop improved cannabis varieties with higher yields, stress resistance, and tailored chemical profiles.\n\nID: 42059422\nTitle: Nutritive Value and Cannabinoid Potency of Diverse Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Varieties Grown under Different Light Conditions and Harvested across Multiple Time Points as a Possible Feed Source for Livestock.\nAbstract: Effects of two nighttime light interruption conditions and three inflorescence harvest times were studied on two photoperiod-insensitive and three photoperiod-sensitive varieties of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) grown in California, USA, to determine how these affected agronomic and nutritive values relevant to animal feed metrics, as well as the expression of cannabinoids. Cannabinoid potency was quantified using a newly developed UPLC-DAD method. Light sensitivity, light intensity, and harvest time significantly influenced agronomic and nutritional characteristics, in addition to the plant's cannabinoid profile. High light intensity increased agronomic and nutritional variables, but the response varied by genotype. Cannabinoids increased in photosensitive varieties grown under high light intensity, while the latter harvests demonstrated the highest values in all varieties. This indicates that specific plant genotypes and their response to light availability may be a means to optimize hemp's nutritional profile and address safety concerns surrounding cannabinoid expression for use as a livestock feed source.\n\nID: 41974243\nTitle: Upcycling of industrial hemp byproducts into a sustainable molded fiber packaging system.\nAbstract: This study presents the fabrication and characterization of fully bio-based molded fiber composites using industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) hurds, starch, and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) for sustainable single-use packaging applications. Hemp hurds, a low-value agricultural byproduct, were directly upcycled into value-added molded fiber composites by varying their loadings to evaluate their influence on rheological, mechanical, and morphological properties. Rheological analysis revealed that excessive solid content increased slurry heterogeneity and entrapped microbubbles, reducing both storage and loss moduli. However, during hot pressing, these trapped air voids were released, resulting in densified fiber networks. Consequently, the mechanical performance improved with increasing hurd content up to a threshold. Among all formulations, the composite containing 20\u00a0g of hemp hurds (H20) exhibited the most balanced properties, achieving high compressive (8.70\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.34\u00a0MPa), flexural (7.56\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.51\u00a0MPa), and impact strength (13.83\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.19\u00a0J/m), comparable to or exceeding those of the higher-loading formulation containing 28\u00a0g of hemp hurds (H28). Compressive strength increased by more than 300% compared with conventional molded pulp reported in the literature, while flexural strength nearly doubled (\u223c90% increase) from H12 to H20. SEM analysis confirmed that H20 possessed a uniform interfacial adhesion between the starch-CNF matrix and hemp fibers, while both excessive (H28) and insufficient (H12, 12\u00a0g hemp hurds) fiber loadings resulted in structural irregularities. These findings demonstrate a value-added upcycling strategy that converts underutilized hemp byproducts into high-performance molded fiber packaging materials composed entirely of bio-derived constituents.\n\nID: 41921812\nTitle: Synergistic reinforcement of alginate films with hemp nanocellulose and ZnO nanoparticles for enhanced mechanical, barrier, and antimicrobial performance.\nAbstract: This study describes the fabrication and optimization of alginate-based nanocomposite films incorporating hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) nanocellulose (HNC) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) for potential active food packaging applications. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize formulation variables, identifying 1.25% (w/v) alginate, 0.15% (w/v) HNC, and 0.25% (w/v) ZnONPs as the optimal composition. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed a compact and homogeneous morphology with well-distributed nanofillers and good interfacial adhesion. The optimized Alg/HNC/ZnONPs film exhibited the highest tensile strength (35.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.68\u00a0MPa) while maintaining moderate extensibility (elongation at break: 5.54\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.24%), indicating an effective synergistic reinforcement effect. Water solubility decreased to 54.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.27%, and water vapor permeability reached a minimum value of 0.91\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.04\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010-9\u00a0g\u00b7m/m2\u00b7s\u00b7Pa, representing an approximate 34% reduction relative to the alginate-only film. ZnONPs enhanced UV-barrier ability while preserving acceptable transparency. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed strong intermolecular interactions and increased structural constraint within the polymer matrix, while differential scanning calorimetry results indicated improved thermal stability through increased enthalpic resistance to degradation. Furthermore, the nanocomposite film exhibited pronounced antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibition zones of 13.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.37\u00a0mm and 14.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.67\u00a0mm, respectively. These results demonstrate that Alg/HNC/ZnONPs nanocomposite films possess balanced multifunctional properties suitable for sustainable food packaging applications.\n\nID: 41875087\nTitle: Integrating natural gradients and controlled assays to reveal bacterial responses to cadmium in Theobroma cacao L., soils.\nAbstract: Cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal found in agricultural landscapes worldwide, has been pointed out in cropped soils with Theobroma cacao L., as one of the main contaminants that translocate into plant tissues. Among the factors linked to cadmium translocation into plants, the role of soil bacterial communities in chemical transformation in soils has been poorly investigated. Overall, soil bacterial communities are shaped by diverse environmental and anthropogenic factors that influence crop yield and health. Cadmium alters soil microbial communities and increases the risk to human health through plant uptake. Although the impacts of cadmium on soil bacteria have been studied in other crops, there is limited information on cacao. Thus, this study aimed to assess the responses of soil bacterial communities in cacao farms to cadmium exposure, both natural and spiked. A total of 225 rhizosphere soil samples were collected from 16 plots across five cacao farms in two Colombian departments. The complementary approaches used were: (i) 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing to assess the composition of the bacterial community in soils with natural Cd concentrations, and (ii) isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) to measure the temporal metabolic responses of bacteria to Cd in closed systems for 80 hours at 25 \u00b0C. The findings suggest that nearly 28% of the bacterial community responds to high cadmium concentrations in soils, both in natural and experimental conditions. Field-based observations revealed that Cd-responsive taxa detected under natural soil conditions included several unculturable bacterial groups, whereas laboratory experiments with Cd spiking predominantly selected for previously characterized cadmium-tolerant bacteria (CdtB). Significant variation in natural Cd-bacterial community composition and Cd-related metabolic activity was observed across the farms. Moreover, Cd-responsive bacterial taxa exhibited increased abundance during Cd spikes. As expected, contrasting patterns were revealed by the activity-response measured by IMC and taxonomic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences.\n\nID: 41862679\nTitle: Immobilization of Pb and Cd in red soil using Fe-Mn modified sugarcane bagasse biochar: mechanisms and plant uptake.\nAbstract: Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in soil threaten agroecosystem safety and human health. Due to the high bioavailability and mobility of heavy metals in red soil, the risk is further increased. Biochar is widely used for heavy metal immobilization, but original biochar suffers from inherent limitations. Most existing studies of iron (Fe)-manganese (Mn) modified biochar have not focused on red soil, and the relationship with soil-plant responses remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of sugarcane bagasse biochar (BC) and Fe-Mn modified sugarcane bagasse biochar (FMBC) for Pb and Cd immobilization in red soil, and clarify their effect on plant uptake. BC and FMBC were applied to Pb and Cd contaminated red soil for pot experiments with pak choi (Brassica rapa chinensis) as an indicator plant. The results showed that both BC and FMBC elevated soil pH, organic matter (SOM), enzyme activities, reduced Pb and Cd bioavailability, and transformed Pb and Cd to stable fractions. FMBC outperformed BC, and the 5% FMBC treatment achieved the optimal remediation efficacy. The 5% FMBC decreased the acid-extractable Pb and Cd by 9.33 and 34.40% compared to control. The plant biomass was significantly increased, Pb and Cd content in edible shoots met the limit standards, and bioconcentration (BCF) and translocation factors (TF) were lowered. Overall, this study establishes theoretical foundations and empirical bases for the application of FMBC to immobilize Pb and Cd in red soils, thereby providing a feasible and eco-friendly approach to support sustainable agriculture and the recycling of agricultural waste.\n\nID: 41860439\nTitle: Comparative Evaluation of Soda and Nitrate-Alkaline Pulping of Hemp, Flax, and Sisal Post-harvest Biomass.\nAbstract: As wood is still scarce in some countries, it is necessary to replace wood in the paper industry with other lignocellulosic raw materials, particularly agricultural residues. This study evaluated hemp, flax, and sisal postharvest biomass as alternative nonwoody fibrous feedstocks for pulp and paper production. Pulping was performed using soda and nitrate-alkaline methods under comparable degrees of delignification. Their suitability for papermaking was assessed in terms of mechanical properties, fiber sedimentation (rheosedimentation), and chemical parameters, including the degree of polymerization and the chemical composition of the raw material. The highest tensile strength was achieved for sisal, reaching 11.6\u2009N\u2009m\u2009g-1 when produced by the soda method, which was higher than that of industrially produced flax or hemp soda pulps. Regarding pulp sedimentation behavior, hemp pulp showed significantly higher sedimentation rates, while comparable values were observed for recovered paper.\n\nID: 41826533\nTitle: NMR characterisation of biopolymers and lipids from hemp pomace treated with Thermomyces lanuginosus.\nAbstract: The influence of Thermomyces lanuginosus on the chemical structure of biopolymers and lipids from hemp pomace during solid-state fermentation (SSF) was studied using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The samples of hemp pomace before, during and after SSF were used for the isolation of biopolymers (lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose) and lipids, which were subsequently analyzed using solution and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. It was observed that SSF significantly alters the composition and quality of individual biopolymers. An increase in the carbonyl group content in lignin was noted. In lipid samples, a significant reduction in mono-, di-, and triglycerides occurred accompanied by an increase in glycerol and unsaturated fatty acids. SSF also notably impacted phosphorus-containing compounds in the hemp pomace. These results demonstrate that SSF enables targeted modification of key chemical components in hemp pomace. By altering the structure of lignin, breaking down complex lipids, and affecting phosphorus-containing compounds, SSF improves the chemical quality and functionality of the biomass. This highlights its potential as an effective method for upgrading agricultural residues into more valuable and versatile materials supporting sustainable biorefinery applications.\n\nID: 41781874\nTitle: Soilless culture as a novel strategy for maximizing growth performance and fiber yield in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.).\nAbstract: BACKGROUND: Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is one of the oldest cultivated plants in human history. It is a valuable plant that has economic value for all industrial branches. The hemp plant has fibers of the highest quality. Accordingly, research aiming to enhance the fiber yield of hemp has significant agronomic and industrial relevance. METHODS: To this end, three soilless media treatments were applied to the modified Hoagland solution. The effects of N: P:K/255:45:267 (A1), A1\u2009+\u200910\u00a0mg/L silicon (A2), and A1\u2009+\u20091\u00a0mg/L indole butyric acid (A3) on plant growth and fiber yield were investigated in Narl\u0131 hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a registered local variety (T\u00fcrkiye), in deep water culture and soil media (A4). RESULTS: The analysis determined that the soilless medium was more productive than the soil medium in terms of root fresh-dry weight, stem fresh-dry weight, stem length, stem thickness, leaf length and width, relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic pigment content, fiber content, and total cellulose content. According to these results, the lowest values were obtained in the soilless medium in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) and leaf secondary metabolite (cannabidiol: CBD, tetrahydrocannabinol: THC, and cannabinol: CBN) contents, which indicate stress in the plant. CBD was measured %0.0213, %0.0134, %0.0395, %0.0326, THC was measured %0.002, %0.0017, %0.0032, %0.0033, CBN was measured %0.0003, %0.0002, %0.0002, %0.0009 (A1, A2, A3, A4 respectively). Considering all the parameters studied, the hemp plant grown in the deep water culture medium containing Si yielded the best results among the treatments. The fiber content was 29.12% in A2, 24.02% in A1, 19.99% in A4, and 13.74% in A3. The cellulose content was determined to range from 61% to 82% on average in the treatments tested. The highest total cellulose content of 82% was obtained from treatment A2. CONCLUSION: The current study revealed that silicon (Si) treatment significantly increased fiber and cellulose contents. Incorporating such treatments into production models is regarded as a cost-effective and efficient strategy.\n\nID: 41702531\nTitle: Green degumming of hemp fibers: Evaluating deep eutectic solvents for sustainable industrial applications: A review.\nAbstract: Hemp is a bast fiber crop that is known for being environmentally friendly and having better mechanical properties than other natural fibers like cotton. It has become an important alternative to these fibers that use a lot of resources. Even though raw hemp fibers have many benefits, they require degumming for removing lignin, hemicellulose, and pectin to be effectively utilized in industrial applications. Chemical degumming methods cause environmental issues, consume high energy, and reduce fiber quality, while biological approaches are greener but limited by longer processing times. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), a type of green solvent made up of hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) and hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs), have recently become popular as eco-friendly options. DESs offer adjustable properties, are biodegradable, and can dissolve non-cellulosic components without damaging cellulose. This review critically evaluates the mechanisms and effectiveness of DES-mediated hemp degumming, comparing it to conventional methods. Advancements in choline chloride-urea DESs systems have demonstrated the ability to achieve over 90% cellulose retention and nearly complete lignin removal at moderate temperatures. Additionally, hybrid methodologies have been shown to reduce processing times by 50%. It is noteworthy that hemp contains a higher lignin content than ramie, necessitating semi-degumming to preserve fiber integrity. The scalability, recyclability and durability of DESs highlight their potential to transform the textile, composite and automotive industries. This review provides a roadmap for transitioning from laboratory-scale innovations to industrial applications by integrating recent advancements in DESs formulations and process optimization. Furthermore, it addresses gaps in cost-effectiveness and standard protocols.\n\nID: 41683477\nTitle: Hydrodistillation-Based Essential Oil Extraction and Soda Pulping of Spent Hemp Biomass for Sustainable Fiber Production.\nAbstract: Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is increasingly valued not only for its fibers and seeds but also for essential oils derived from floral by-products. This study investigates the extraction of essential oils from three hemp floral varieties, Sour Space Candy, Suver Haze 3N, and Pinewalker 3N using hydrodistillation, a widely accepted and efficient method for isolating volatile compounds. The chemical composition and quantification of key volatiles, including \u03b1-pinene, \u03b2-myrcene, \u03b1-humulene, and \u03b1-terpineol, were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition to oil extraction, the residual spent biomass was repurposed into pulp fibers using the soda pulping process. Fiber properties such as freeness, viscosity, kappa number, and fiber length were evaluated for papermaking applications. The essential oil yield ranged from 1.24% to 1.86% (w/w), and the spent fiber yield ranged from 37.07% to 55.23%. Handsheets prepared from blends of spent fibers and hemp hurd fibers exhibited tensile indices ranging from 21.87 to 34.98 N\u00b7m/g. This dual-valorization approach enhances the economic and environmental value of hemp cultivation, supports sustainable material development, and contributes to the broader adoption of bio-based alternatives.\n\nID: 41650612\nTitle: Deriving health-based soil cadmium thresholds in mining-impacted agricultural regions: An integrated deterministic and probabilistic risk assessment.\nAbstract: Soil cadmium (Cd) contamination in mining impacted regions poses a critical threat to public health. However, deriving scientifically defensible soil standards is challenging due to complex site-specific dynamics. This study developed a robust risk assessment framework by integrating deterministic and probabilistic (Monte Carlo simulation) models based on 444 paired soil-crop samples from Anhui, China. Our results revealed that bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for rice and rapeseed were significantly suppressed in highly contaminated mining areas, demonstrating a non-linear relationship between soil Cd and plant uptake. Rice ingestion was identified as the dominant exposure pathway (>92\u202f%), with children being the most susceptible group (Hazard Index up to 3.35). Crucially, our probabilistic assessment showed that conventional deterministic methods systematically underestimate risk for the most exposed 15-25\u202f% of the population. From this dual-model framework, we derived a single, site-specific deterministic soil threshold of 0.50\u202fmg\u202fkg-1 and a probabilistic spectrum of thresholds (0.23-0.55\u202fmg\u202fkg-1). The primary contribution of this work is a transferable methodology that enables policymakers to develop flexible, risk-informed soil management strategies tailored to the unique biogeochemistry and population characteristics of a specific region.\n\nID: 41650193\nTitle: Diversity of root system architecture and root-shoot biomass allocation in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.).\nAbstract: Roots are major contributors to nutrient acquisition, water absorption, and plant anchoring and stability. However, little is known about the root system of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), an increasingly important crop worth $16 billion annually. Hemp is commonly cultivated for grain as an oilseed, stalk biomass for fiber and industrial materials, but has also had growing interest for its carbon sequestration potential due to its reported deep rooting profile. The objectives of this research were to (1) phenotype a panel of 46 industrially-relevant hemp genotypes, (2) quantify the phenotypic differences of shoot and root traits through 2D image analysis, (3) and to investigate genotype grouping strategies and gene targets that could be useful for crop improvement. To phenotype the root system architecture of multiple hemp genotypes representative of production hemp, a large format raised-bed was developed in a greenhouse in which hemp was planted in rows. Root and shoot traits varied across genotypes, with a difference of 175% in total root length between the largest and smallest genotype, and heritability values ranging from 0.51 to 0.88 for key root traits. A strong positive correlation was found between root and shoot biomass (R\u2009=\u20090.93) suggests coordinated resource allocation strategies across genotypes. Of the 46 genotypes studied, two genotypes consistently showed the greatest differences across most of the traits analyzed in the panel. A root-to-shoot quadrant framework was applied to classify hemp ideotypes based on biomass allocation and architectural traits. In addition, comparative genomic analysis identified 74 candidate root architecture genes in hemp that are orthologous to known regulators in maize, rice, and Arabidopsis. These findings highlight substantial phenotypic diversity in hemp root systems and provide a foundation for developing genotype grouping strategies and selecting breeding targets for mapping populations.\n\nID: 41614606\nTitle: Field-grown hemp treated with humic/fulvic acids and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for phytomanaging a metal-contaminated agricultural soil.\nAbstract: Industrial hemp offers several advantages for phytomanaging metal(loid)-contaminated soils as it can provide valuable biomass notably for bioenergy while accumulating some metals (i.e., Cd and Zn) in its shoots. In a previous pot study humic/fulvic acids (HFA) incorporated into the soil with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhanced hemp growth. This study assessed the biostimulant effect of HFA, alone or paired with AMF (HFAxAMF), on the shoot yield and shoot Cd, Pb and Zn uptakes in a 2-year field trial in view of producing clean, renewable liquid biofuels. The trial (0.07\u2009ha) was carried out at a contaminated agricultural field in a randomized split-plot design (nine blocks). Cannabis sativa L. was sown at a density of 173 000 plants ha-1. Effects of HFA and HFAxAMF treatments on the behavior of metals and plants were compared to an unamended one. Hemp produced on average 10.7 (year 1)-14.5 (year 2) t DW ha-1 despite a severe drought in year 1. Neither HFA nor HFAxAMF treatments enhanced shoot yield. Shoot Cd, Pb and Zn uptakes reached 9.9, 230, and 869\u2009g ha-1\u2009year-1, respectively. In year 2, shoot Cd uptake improved under all treatments and the 0.01\u2009M Ca(NO3)2-extractable soil Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations at harvest decreased by 95, 79 and 96%, respectively. Hemp was a relevant plant species for phytomanaging this metal-contaminated soil under current climatic constraints. The potential bioethanol yield was estimated in the 3851-6481\u2009L ha-1 range. Overall, hemp can simultaneously reduce soil metal availability while producing a biomass convertible into liquid biofuels. This highlights its strong potential as a dual-purpose crop for sustainable and progressive phytoremediation and renewable energy production. This study investigates the effects of humic/fulvic acids (HFA), applied alone or paired with AMF (HFAxAMF) on Cd, Pb and Zn uptake by hemp shoots and shoot yield in a 2-year field trial. The work aimed at producing a biomass usable for renewable liquid biofuels, while using hemp for managing contaminated soils under current climatic conditions in the vicinity of the former Metaleurop smelter.\n\nID: 41611501\nTitle: [Identification of rice metallothionein gene family and functional analysis of OsMT1.3A and OsMT1.4A].\nAbstract: Metallothionein (MT) is a low molecular weight protein. At present, a large number of studies on the molecular mechanisms of plant uptake and regulation of heavy metal Cd accumulation have been carried out. However, the research results obtained are relatively not systematic enough, mainly focusing on the study of some transporter proteins. To bridge the existing gap in systematic understanding of the metallothionein gene family, we aimed to uncover its potential functions within the rice regulatory network. Through bioinformatics analysis, a total of 14 rice MT gene family members were identified. The motif structure prediction indicated that there were great differences among members of this family, which could be classified into 4 subfamilies by phylogenetic analysis of protein sequences. OsMT1.4A, OsMT1.4B, OsMT1.4C, OsMT1.1C, and OsMT1.1G existed in series clusters on the 12th chromosome. The predicted cis-elements were related to plant hormones, growth, environment, and light responses. The expression of most members was induced by various plant hormones, and the expression of 10 members was upregulated by cadmium (Cd) stress. The OsMT1.3A and OsMT1.3B subfamilies showed greatly differed conserved domains from other OsMTs genes, and their expression patterns were completely different from those of other families. Heterologous expression of OsMT1.3A and OsMT1.4A significantly improved the tolerance of bacteria and yeast to Cd, and overexpression of OsMT1.4A in rice significantly increased the effective panicle number and yield. This study provides excellent genetic resources for breeding Cd-tolerant crops with potential for remediation of Cd pollution by biotechnology. \u91d1\u5c5e\u786b\u86cb\u767d(metallothionein, MT)\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b\u4f4e\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u86cb\u767d\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u5173\u4e8e\u690d\u7269\u5438\u6536\u548c\u8c03\u63a7\u91cd\u91d1\u5c5eCd\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u673a\u5236\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u76f8\u5bf9\u6765\u8bf4\u4e0d\u591f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u90e8\u5206\u8f6c\u8fd0\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u63ed\u793a\u91d1\u5c5e\u786b\u86cb\u767d\u5728\u6c34\u7a3b\u8c03\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u5f25\u8865\u73b0\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u5bb6\u65cf\u5c42\u9762\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u7f3a\u53e3\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u8fc7\u751f\u7269\u4fe1\u606f\u5b66\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5171\u9274\u5b9a\u523014\u4e2a\u6c34\u7a3b\u91d1\u5c5e\u786b\u86cb\u767d\u57fa\u56e0\u5bb6\u65cf\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u6c34\u7a3b\u91d1\u5c5e\u786b\u86cb\u767d\u57fa\u56e0\u5bb6\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u7684motif\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u86cb\u767d\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u6811\u5206\u6790\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u4e3a4\u7c7b\u4e9a\u5bb6\u65cf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dOsMT1.4A\u3001OsMT1.4B\u3001OsMT1.4C\u3001OsMT1.1C\u3001OsMT1.1G\u4e32\u8054\u6210\u7c07\u5206\u5e03\u572812\u53f7\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u4e0a\u3002\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u987a\u5f0f\u5143\u4ef6\u4e0e\u690d\u7269\u6fc0\u7d20\u3001\u751f\u957f\u3001\u73af\u5883\u3001\u5149\u54cd\u5e94\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u786b\u86cb\u767d\u53d7\u5404\u7c7b\u6fc0\u7d20\u8bf1\u5bfc\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u9549\u80c1\u8feb\u8bf1\u5bfc\u5176\u4e2d10\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u91cf\u4e0a\u8c03\u3002OsMT1.3A\u3001OsMT1.3B\u4fdd\u5b88\u7ed3\u6784\u57df\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6OsMTs\u5dee\u5f02\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5bb6\u65cf\u57fa\u56e0\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5f02\u6e90\u8868\u8fbeOsMT1.3A\u3001OsMT1.4A\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7ec6\u83cc\u548c\u9175\u6bcd\u5bf9Cd\u7684\u8010\u53d7\u6027\uff0c\u6c34\u7a3b\u4e2d\u8fc7\u8868\u8fbeOsMT1.4A\u663e\u8457\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u7a57\u6570\u548c\u4ea7\u91cf\u3002\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u901a\u8fc7\u751f\u7269\u6280\u672f\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u57f9\u80b2Cd\u8010\u53d7\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u4fee\u590dCd\u6c61\u67d3\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u519c\u4f5c\u7269\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8d44\u6e90\u3002.\n\nID: 41562524\nTitle: Spent mushroom substrate and citric acid promote the remediation of zinc and cadmium polluted soil by in situ Ricinus communis L. phytoremediation.\nAbstract: Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils, particularly by zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd), threatens food security and ecosystem health. This study evaluated the in situ phytoremediation potential of Ricinus communis L. in Zn- and Cd-contaminated field soils amended with citric acid (CA), spent mushroom substrate (SMS), and their combination (CA+SMS). Across contamination levels, SMS and CA+SMS significantly increased total biomass to 164.70\u2009\u00b1\u20095.61 and 162.80\u2009\u00b1\u20094.11\u2009g per plant, respectively, compared with 77.38\u2009\u00b1\u20093.40\u2009g in the unamended control (one-way ANOVA with Tukey's HSD, p\u2009<\u20090.05). Accordingly, total Zn extraction increased by 114.86% (SMS) and 104.89% (CA+SMS), while total Cd extraction increased by 112.80% and 99.22%, respectively (p\u2009<\u20090.05). Cd bioconcentration factors (BCF) remained > 1 across all treatments, whereas Zn BCF remained < 0.33. At high contamination, CA+SMS enhanced soil enzyme activities (urease and catalase (CAT)), with CAT reaching 1.98\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01\u2009mL 0.1\u2009mol L-1 KMnO4 g-1 h-1). SMS maintained seed oil content (\u223c 55.71\u2009\u00b1\u20091.78%). Overall, R. communis is a high-biomass, metal-tolerant candidate for field phytoremediation, and CA+SMS is a practical, low-cost strategy that enhances plant uptake while promoting metal sequestration into less labile reducible/oxidizable/residual fractions relative to exchangeable/carbonate-bound pools. This study presents a novel field-based investigation showing that the combined application of citric acid (CA) and spent mushroom substrate (SMS) significantly enhances the in situ phytoremediation efficiency of Ricinus communis L. in soils contaminated with zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd). Unlike most previous research conducted in controlled pot or greenhouse settings, this study provides practical, scalable evidence of increased metal bioavailability, enhanced plant biomass, and improved stress tolerance under real-world environmental conditions.\n\nID: 41538955\nTitle: Current marijuana use is cross-sectionally associated with accelerated biological aging among U.S. adults: exploring mediating effect of blood cadmium.\nAbstract: Global marijuana use has risen markedly in recent decades. Although prior research suggests that marijuana use is associated with epigenetic alterations, its relationship with biological aging remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between marijuana use and accelerated aging and explore the mediating role of metal exposure. Using data from 12,806 U.S. adults (NHANES 2005-2018), biological age (BA) was calculated using two validated algorithms, phenotypic age (PhenoAge) and Klemera-Doubal biological age (KD-BioAge), with aging acceleration defined as the residuals from linear regression of BA on chronological age (CA). Marijuana use status was ascertained via standardized interviews. Analyses included survey-weighted multivariable linear regression, stratified subgroup analyses, joint exposure assessments, and mediation analyses. Current marijuana users exhibited significantly accelerated aging versus never users: PhenoAge acceleration (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.72, 95% CI: 0.41-1.02, P\u2009<\u20090.001) and KD-BioAge acceleration (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.36, 95% CI: 0.14-0.59, P\u2009=\u20090.002), after full adjustment. Subgroup and joint exposure analyses showed consistent associations, with evidence of additive associations among dual users of marijuana and tobacco. Mediation analyses identified blood cadmium as a partial mediator, explaining 15.6% and 8.3% of aging acceleration for PhenoAge and KD-BioAge, respectively. This study provides robust epidemiological evidence linking marijuana use to accelerated biological aging, with blood cadmium identified as a potential mechanistic link. These findings highlight the public health importance of understanding the long-term physiological correlates of marijuana use.\n\nID: 41501645\nTitle: A plant-derived compound activating agent enhances cadmium phytoextraction by Lantana Camara L.\nAbstract: Agent-assisted phytoextraction is an attractive strategy to remove heavy metals from soil. However, there is a lack of effective and sustainable agents. In this study, 10 types of plant extracts were extracted and selected to combined with N, N-bis (carboxymethyl) glutamic acid (GLDA) to prepare the compound activating agent, and its effectiveness and potential risk in enhancing Cd phytoextraction by Lantana camara L. (L. camara) were evaluated. Among the 10 plant extracts, Houttuynia cordata Thunb. extract (HC) showed the highest Cd extraction ability (24.58%). When combined with GLDA (0.9%) in a 1:1 volume ratio, the compound activating agent removed Cd most effectively (79.23%) from soil. In the pot experiment, this agent increased the shoot biomass, Cd concentration, and accumulation in L. camara by 17.45%, 71.43%, and 100.42%, respectively, compared with the Cd treatment. Additionally, soil DOC (+\u200917.47%) and available Cd (+\u200934.05%) were significantly increased vs. Cd treatment. Acid soluble Cd increased significantly, while the reducible and oxidizable Cd fractions decreased. In the soil column experiment, leached Cd from soils treated with this agent treatment was significantly lower than from EDTA treated soils. Collectively, the compound activating agent enhanced Cd phytoextraction by L. camara through its activation effect and increased soil DOC, which promoted the conversion of oxidizable/reducible Cd to acid soluble Cd and mobilized soil Cd for plant uptake. Thus, the HC extract combined with GLDA compound activating agent is a promising enhancer for Cd phytoextraction.\n\nID: 41500168\nTitle: Adsorption and mechanism of magnetically modified industrial hemp straw biochar on microplastics in aqueous solution.\nAbstract: Microplastics (MPs) originating from plastic waste in groundwater have attracted much attention worldwide due to their wide distribution, small particle size and high mobility, as well as their potential threat to organisms. In this study, a magnetically modified biochar adsorbent for the removal of microplastics was prepared using KOH-activated industrial hemp straw biochar as a precursor. For polystyrene (PS) microspheres (1\u00a0\u03bcm, 60\u00a0mg/L) in aqueous solution, magnetic biochar (MBC) removed 89.97\u00a0%, which was 9.30 times higher removal rate compared to pristine biochar (BC). It is hypothesized that the adsorption process was a result of electrostatic interactions and chemical bonding interactions between microplastics and biochar. The adsorption process was affected by solution pH and interfering ions, and the MBC had good stability, and its removal efficiency of MPs remained above 80\u00a0% after 5\u00a0cycles. Kinetic, isothermal and thermodynamic modeling analyses showed that the adsorption reaction was spontaneous, higher temperature contributed to the enhancement of adsorption, and the adsorption mechanism involved electrostatic interactions, surface complexation, metal-O-MPs complexation and \u03c0-\u03c0 interactions. These results would provide an idea for obtaining MBC to remove the MPs from aqueous systems.\n\nID: 41461677\nTitle: Combination of red and UV-A light enhances hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) inflorescence yield and cannabinoid content.\nAbstract: Light spectrum plays a crucial role in regulating the growth of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Several studies have demonstrated that additional red-light exposure increases biomass accumulation, while supplementary UV-A light stimulates cannabinoid synthesis. Nevertheless, the potential of stage-specific supplementation of red and UV-A light remains underexplored in its capacity to optimize cannabinoid yield in indoor hemp cultivation. In the present study, the effect of red light in combination with UV-A light on hemp biomass and cannabinoid accumulation was investigated using a high-CBD strain. There were four treatments: (1) white light throughout the growth period (control; VWRW); (2) red light supplementation during the vegetative stage (VWRRW); (3) UV-A supplementation (VWRWUV) during the flowering stage; and (4) combined red and UV-A supplementation (VWRRWUV) during the vegetative and flowering stages. Results showed that VWRRW promoted the number of effective branches (increased by 18.0%) compared to the control (VWRW), resulting in an increase in inflorescence yield by 17.9%. VWRWUV increased CBG and CBD content by 52.7% and 12.1%, respectively, relative to the control. The effect of VWRRWUV on biomass and cannabinoid accumulation was the strongest among the treatments, with CBG and CBD yields reaching 0.53\u00a0g and 4.62\u00a0g per plant, representing significant increase of 91.8% (p\u2009<\u20090.01) and 44.1% (p\u2009<\u20090.01), respectively, compared to the control. However, there were no significant differences in CBD yield among the VWRRW, VWRWUV and VWRRWUV treatments, indicating that the combined supplementation of red and UV-A light did not have an additive effect on CBD accumulation. These findings highlight the potential of stage-specific spectral strategy to optimize both plant growth and phytochemical quantity.\n\nID: 41432284\nTitle: Secretome symphony: CAZymes of xylem-invading fungus Verticillium nonalfalfae orchestrate hemp biomass degradation.\nAbstract: We explored the secretome of the xylem-colonizing fungus Verticillium nonalfalfae to understand its ability to degrade lignocellulosic biomass. This included evaluation of its enzymatic activities, examination of morphological changes of biomass, identification of candidate genes based on expression profiling in planta, and comparison of secreted CAZymes with those of 26 other fungi with different lifestyles. After the solid-state fermentation of hemp hurds, we found cellulase, xylanase, esterase/lipase, and peroxidase activities in crude enzyme extracts, indicating that V. nonalfalfae can degrade all major components of lignocellulosic biomass. Using scanning electron microscopy and histology, we observed that the fungus selective degraded hemicelluloses and lignin, which caused thinner cell walls and partial collapse of xylem vessels and ground tissue consisting of fibres and vasicentric tracheids. When we compared its predicted secreted CAZymes with those of other fungi, we found distinct differences in the number of glycoside hydrolases compared to other hemibiotrophic, necrotrophic, and biotrophic fungi, as well as differences in the number of redox enzymes compared with biotrophic fungi. By combining the dbCAN3-based annotation of carbohydrate-active enzymes and substrates with our previous secretome and transcriptome data, we identified several candidate genes likely responsible for degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. Verticillium nonalfalfae secretes diverse hydrolytic and oxidoreductive enzymes capable of selectively targeting lignocellulosic components, suggesting its potential for use in biomass conversion.\n\nID: 41413227\nTitle: Nitrogen source and solution strength modulate cannabinoid and antioxidant profiles in medicinal cannabis grown in a deep-water culture system.\nAbstract: The optimization of nitrogen nutrition is critical for standardizing the production of bioactive compounds in medicinal Cannabis sativa L. Although deep-water culture (DWC) systems offer precise control over nutrient delivery, the specific effects of ammonium-to-nitrate (NH4+:NO3\u2212) ratios and nutrient solution strength on the phytochemical composition of cannabis flowers remain poorly understood. Notably, this study is the first to jointly examine the combined influence of the NH4+:NO3\u2212 ratio and solution strength in a DWC system for cannabis. This study investigated the synergistic impact of different NH4+:NO3\u2212 ratios and solution strength on morphological traits, phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and cannabinoid profile in organically grown Cannabis sativa L. flowers in a DWC system. Plants were subjected to varying NH4+:NO3\u2212 ratios (20:80, 40:60, 60:40) at full and half solution strengths. Morphological traits were measured at harvest. Methanolic extracts of flowers were analyzed for total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) content, antioxidant activity (DPPH assay), and major cannabinoids (GC-MS). Biomass production was maximized at a 40:60 ratio (full strength) and a 60:40 ratio (half strength). However, the highest TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity were recorded at a 60:40 ratio under half solution strength, indicating a stress-induced upregulation of secondary metabolites. Cannabinoid synthesis was most favorable at a 40:60 ratio with full solution strength, yielding the highest levels of delta-9-THC (28.46%) and CBD (10.09%). A 60:40 ratio at full strength completely suppressed cannabinoid production, demonstrating acute ammonium toxicity. Cannabis phytochemistry is strongly influenced by both nitrogen form and nutrient concentration. A balanced NH4+:NO3\u2212 ratio (40:60) under full nutrition optimizes cannabinoid production, while a high NH4+ ratio (60:40) under nutrient stress enhances phenolic antioxidants. These findings provide a precise framework for tailoring nutrient regimens to selectively target specific bioactive compound classes in medicinal cannabis production.\n\nID: 41375168\nTitle: Elemental Composition and Strontium Isotopic Ratio Analysis of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) for Textile Applications.\nAbstract: Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is increasingly valued as a sustainable raw material for textile applications, yet reliable analytical tools to characterize and trace its origin are still limited. This study presents a pilot investigation on the elemental composition and strontium isotopic ratio (87Sr/86Sr) of Italian industrial hemp samples, with the aim of evaluating their potential as chemical markers for geographic traceability. Hemp stalks and fibers collected from different Italian regions were finely ground, mineralized using microwave-assisted digestion, and analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and multicollector ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS). The analytical protocol was validated using certified reference materials, showing recoveries between 95.7% and 102.1%. The measured 87Sr/86Sr ratios ranged from 0.7085 to 0.7105, with consistent intra-sample reproducibility and values reflecting regional geochemical backgrounds. Elemental profiling revealed marked variability among samples, particularly Sr, Ca, Fe, and trace metals. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated partial clustering according to geographical origin, distinguishing northern from southern Italian samples. Heavy-metal concentrations (Hg, Pb, Cd) were well below international textile safety thresholds, confirming the environmental sustainability of local hemp cultivation.\n\nID: 41359809\nTitle: Bioreactor-Based Suspension Cultures of Cannabis sativa for Enhanced Production of Anti-Inflammatory Cannabinoid Derivatives.\nAbstract: Cannabis sativa synthesizes diverse cannabinoids with significant pharmacological value, but existing suspension cultures show low metabolite yields and limited scalability. This study establishes bioreactor-based cell suspension system to enhance cannabinoid biosynthesis in C. sativa. Petiole explants cultured on MS medium with 4 mg/L BAP and 0.01 mg/L NAA produced 95.83 \u00b1 0.74% friable callus. Suspension cultures accumulated 352.29 \u00b1 3.90 g/L fresh biomass in 28 days, showing 22.4-fold increase upon scale-up in stirred-tank bioreactor. Methanolic extracts (60 \u00b0C) showed strong anti-inflammatory activity, reducing TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 by 88.40 \u00b1 0.87 and 92.03 \u00b1 1.55% at 30 \u03bcg mL-1 without cytotoxicity. Metabolomic profiling identified putative cannabinoid derivatives, with THCA-C1 (0.05%) exhibiting highest binding affinity (-8.4 kcal/mol) to inflammatory targets based on docking and dynamics analyses. Overall, these results provide the first evidence for scalable cannabinoid biosynthesis in bioreactor-grown C. sativa cell suspensions, underscoring their potential for sustainable production of anti-inflammatory therapeutics.\n\nID: 41358942\nTitle: Plasma cannabinoid concentrations and transference during long-term industrial hemp administration in cattle.\nAbstract: With recent legalization of industrial hemp (IH) production and increased interest in including IH and its byproducts in cattle feed, there is a need to establish the pharmacokinetic profiles of cannabinoids in cattle and guidelines for animal surveillance programs to ensure safety of cattle products entering the food supply. Our group has previously described the pharmacokinetics of cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and concentrations of other cannabinoids in plasma. In the present study, the plasma cannabinoid concentrations in twelve (12) Holstein steers receiving alfalfa pellet placebo (PLBO), chlortetracycline (CTC) pellets (1.1\u2009mg/kg/d), IH (5.5\u2009mg/kg/d CBDA; HEMP), or a combination of CTC and IH (COMBO) once daily for 63\u2009d were evaluated. Plasma samples were collected every 7\u2009d from day -7 to 77. Eleven cannabinoids were detected above the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), with the cannabinoid (-)-7-nor-7-carboxy cannabidiol (CBD-7-acid) reaching the highest concentrations. All cannabinoids except CBD-7-acid were below LLOQ by 14\u2009d after final hemp administration. In cattle not receiving IH, CBD-7-acid was detected in multiple steers and timepoints. CBDA was detected in 4 samples (2 steers from each of the PLBO and CTC groups). Both 9-THC and its precursor, THCA, were detected above LLOQ in a singular sample from a steer in the CTC group. These findings suggest that cattle not receiving IH could have detectable concentrations of CBD-7-acid in the blood if cohoused with animals that are exposed to IH. Sample contamination may have been responsible for the detectable 9-THC, THCA, and CBDA concentrations. Based on our results, CBD-7-acid may be a useful tool for screening cattle for IH exposure. However, given the consistent, detectable concentrations in groups not administered IH, a confirmatory test or specific criteria for interpreting CBD-7-acid concentrations would be warranted. These data will help inform decisions regarding surveillance and tolerances for cannabinoid testing in food animals and animal products entering the food supply. Steers were fed a control feed, antibiotic pellet, industrial hemp (IH), or a combination of antibiotic pellets and IH for 63\u2009d and blood samples were collected weekly for analysis of cannabinoid concentrations. Eleven cannabinoids were detected above the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ). The cannabinoid (\u2212)-7-nor-7-carboxy cannabidiol (CBD-7-acid) reached the highest concentrations. All cannabinoids except CBD-7-acid were below the detection limit by 14\u2009d after final hemp administration. In cattle not receiving IH, CBD-7-acid was consistently detected at low concentrations; cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) was detected in four samples and 9-THC, and its precursor, \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), were detected in one steer at a single timepoint. Analysis revealed CBD-7-acid concentrations were significantly greater than LLOQ in cattle not receiving IH, whereas CBDA, 9-THC, and THCA concentrations were not different than LLOQ. These findings suggest that cattle not receiving IH could have detectable concentrations of CBD-7-acid in the blood if cohoused with animals that are exposed to IH. These data will help inform decisions regarding testing of cattle for IH exposure and tolerances for cannabinoid concentrations in cattle and edible products (meat and milk) entering the food supply.\n\nID: 41352290\nTitle: Spent hemp biomass as a feed ingredient for beef steers: effects on performance, blood parameters, behavior, cannabinoid residues, and consumer exposure levels.\nAbstract: Prior studies in ruminants demonstrated the safety of feeding spent hemp biomass (SHB) to lambs and dairy cows. However, the potential accumulation of cannabinoids in animal products, particularly the psychoactive compound \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC), remains a significant barrier to the legalization of SHB as a feed ingredient for livestock. This study investigated the inclusion of SHB in the diet of beef stockers to assess its effect on animal health, performance, and cannabinoid accumulation in meat. For this purpose, 24 Angus steers (BW\u00a0=\u00a0263\u00a0\u00b1\u00a022.5\u00a0kg and body condition score\u00a0=\u00a04.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.5) were enrolled to receive either CON (basal diet +15% alfalfa meal) or HEMP (basal diet +15% SHB) diet for 8\u00a0weeks of intervention period (IP) followed by 4\u00a0weeks of a withdrawal period (WP), where both groups consumed the basal diet. The steers fed SHB tended to have higher feed intake than CON animals during both IP and WP, indicating no palatability issue with SHB. Overall, BW was unaffected, while feed efficiency was lower in steers fed the HEMP vs CON diet. Consuming SHB enhanced ruminal acetate production and reduced the propionate proportion. Plasma concentrations of cholesterol, globulin (and circulating lymphocytes), ceruloplasmin, oxidative and antioxidative biomarkers, alkaline phosphatase, and Na were higher in steers fed the HEMP diet than the CON diet. Consuming SHB did not affect the behavior of the steers but lowered water consumption. We detected a high concentration of cannabidiol (CBD) and CBD-acid in the liver (averaged 462\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0207 and 2\u00a0256\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0492\u00a0ng/g), muscle (271\u00a0\u00b1\u00a073 and 35\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017\u00a0ng/g), and adipose tissues (48.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.1\u00a0\u00b5g/g and 80.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a052.1\u00a0ng/g) of steers fed SHB and very low \u03949-THC in the muscle (1.44\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.86\u00a0ng/g) after 56\u00a0days of HEMP diet exposure. With the exception of CBD in the adipose tissue (detected at 382\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0245\u00a0ng/g), cannabinoids were undetectable in all tissues after 33\u00a0days of withdrawal from SHB. We estimated the exposure of consumers to total THC for all population groups below the acute reference dose of 1\u00a0\u00b5g/kg BW when consuming meat from cattle, according to surveillance of meat intake data from the EU and USA populations. Overall, our data indicated that SHB can be used as a feed ingredient in steers with minimal effects on rumen fermentation and the physiology of the animals. Furthermore, the risk of THC exposure from consuming the meat of these animals is expected to be minimal.\n\nID: 41344189\nTitle: PFOA and PFOS accumulation induces genotoxic damage and proteomic alterations in Cannabis sativa shoots.\nAbstract: Due to their environmental persistence, widespread application, and toxicity to living organisms, contamination by PFAS has become a significant global concern. The ability of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) to accumulate PFAS in its aerial tissues makes it a candidate for PFAS phytoremediation, as well as a suitable biological model for assessing the toxicological effects of PFAS in higher eukaryotes. After in vitro culturing of industrial hemp for 14 days in the presence of 1\u202fmg\u202fL-1 PFOA or 1\u202fmg\u202fL-1 PFOS, no visible damage or macroscopic morphological alterations were evident, and a significant increase in shoot biomass and chlorophyll content following PFOA exposure was observed. Despite the higher accumulation of PFOS compared to PFOA both inhibited antioxidant enzymes activity, specifically catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, respectively. Alkaline Comet Assay showed nuclear damage in hemp leaves following both PFOA and PFOS accumulation, with the former significantly increasing 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine formation. Comparative proteomics analyses showed that PFOA and PFOS disrupt specific biological processes, with the former promoting the synthesis of proteins involved in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway. Both PFOA and PFOS altered the abundance of chloroplastic proteins, suggesting that this cellular compartment could be involved in the phytotoxicity mechanisms triggered by PFAAs.\n\nID: 41338507\nTitle: Production of a reusable multifunctional magnetic cellulose-based biocomposite from hemp biomass and its application in dye removal from aqueous solutions.\nAbstract: The sustainable utilization of renewable biomass is critical for developing environmentally friendly and cost-effective material for wastewater treatment. In this study, hemp biomass (HB), a cellulose-rich natural resource, was successfully converted into a multifunctional magnetic biocomposite (MFMBC) through graft copolymerization, surface functionalization, and Fe3O4 co-precipitation. Compared with pristine HB, the MFMBC exhibited markedly enhanced physicochemical properties, including higher thermal stability, a large BET surface area (155.87\u00a0m2/g), total pore volume (0.245\u00a0cm3/g), and a strongly negative zeta potential (-53.5\u00a0m), confirming improved surface reactivity and colloidal stability. The adsorption performance was assessed using Safranin O as a model cationic dye. Under optimized conditions, MFMBC achieved nearly complete dye removal (\u2248100\u00a0%) at a dosage of 0.5\u00a0g/L, whereas HB required 2\u00a0g/L to reach 85\u00a0%. The maximum adsorption capacity of MFMBC (119.1\u00a0mg/g) was nearly three times higher than that of HB (44.8\u00a0mg/g). Adsorption kinetic followed a pseudo-second-order model, while thermodynamic analysis indicated a spontaneous process dominated by electrostatic interactions. Notably, MFMBC maintained >90\u00a0% of its adsorption efficiency after 20 successive adsorption-desorption cycles and showed excellent performance in real wastewater and mixed-dye systems. These results demonstrate that hemp-derived MFMBC is a sustainable, highly efficient, renewable, and reusable adsorbent with strong potential for practical dye removal applications.\n\nID: 41309806\nTitle: Tissue residue depletion of cannabinoids in cattle administered industrial hemp inflorescence.\nAbstract: Despite interest in using industrial hemp (IH) in cattle feed, there are minimal safety data on tissues from exposed cattle. This study sought to describe cannabinoid tissue concentrations, estimate withdrawal times for cattle exposed to IH inflorescence, and generate human exposure estimates for \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol. Twenty male Holsteins received IH inflorescence orally at 4.2\u00a0mg/kg/d cannabidiolic acid for 14 d. Liver, kidney, muscle, and adipose were collected at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 days after IH administration and analyzed for cannabinoids using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Withdrawal intervals and target tissues were selected based on the slowest-depleting cannabinoid. \u22069-tetrahydrocannabinol was detected in liver, kidney, and adipose and cannabidiol in all tissues. Withdrawal intervals for liver, kidney, muscle, and adipose were 68, 21, 39, and 154 d, respectively. Adipose was selected as the target tissue and cannabidiol the marker residue. Exposure estimates generated using data from this study revealed that newborns exceeded the lowest published global toxicity threshold of 1\u00a0\u00b5g/kg \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol. Additional work should determine safe levels of cannabinoid exposure in vulnerable populations (i.e. children and adolescents). Our results will inform future discussions regarding the inclusion of IH in cattle feed.\n\nID: 41303480\nTitle: Influence of Agronomic Practices on the Bioactive Compound Production in Cannabis sativa L.\nAbstract: Industrial hemp phytochemistry is shaped by genetics and agronomic management, yet field studies integrating both remain scarce. The combined effects of cultivar, planting density, fertilization, and flowering time on cannabinoids, terpenes, and antioxidants in Cannabis sativa L. were evaluated. A field trial was conducted in Mallorca (2023) using two cultivars (Enectaliana, Enectarol) grown at two densities (Sector 1 \u2248 2.3 plants m-2; Sector 2 \u2248 4.6 plants m-2), with sampling from flowering onset (week 0) to week 5. In Enectaliana, fertilization (with vs. without) was tested. Enectaliana displayed CBD/CBDVA-dominated profiles, whereas Enectarol was CBG-predominant; THC remained consistently low. Effects were assessed via three-way ANOVA (Density \u00d7 Time \u00d7 Cultivar; Density \u00d7 Time \u00d7 Fertilization). The cultivar and time explained most of the variance, with interactions modulating magnitudes without altering effect hierarchies. Planting density acted as a second-order modulator, modulating concentrations without reversing cultivar rankings. Terpenes peaked early and generally declined as flowering progressed, with cultivar-dependent trajectories. Total phenolics and antioxidant activity (ABTS, FRAP assays) increased steadily until week 5, with density and treatment effects. In Enectaliana, fertilization effects were selective: ABTS values tended to be higher in unfertilized plants at the end of the cycle, FRAP results showed a density interaction, and cannabinoids exhibited non-linear responses to nutrient supply.\n\nID: 41372766\nTitle: Comparison of selected metals in the fillers of 14 commercial hemp cigarette brands to commercial tobacco cigarettes.\nAbstract: Cannabis sativa L. containing\u2009<\u20090.3% delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is currently defined as hemp. Many different legal products in the United States now contain hemp and are marketed for their cannabinoid effects, as an alternative to tobacco products, or even as an aid for tobacco smoking cessation. The hemp cigarettes analyzed have similar designs to tobacco cigarettes with a filter and filler wrapped in paper. Cannabis sativa, like tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), is a hyperaccumulator of metals. Currently, no publications have reported analyses of metals in these cigarette-like products. Hemp and cannabidiol (CBD) products are increasing in popularity. Thus, reporting the metal concentrations from a variety of hemp cigarette brands can help assess the potential for harmful exposures. We analyzed the hemp filler in 14 commercial brands for beryllium (Be), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and uranium (U) content.The hemp cigarette filler metals concentrations are compared to previously published metals levels in tobacco cigarette and little cigar filler. NIST Reference Material (RM) 8210 Hemp Plant was also analyzed to assess and confirm analytical accuracy. Of note, all hemp cigarette filler cadmium concentrations were below our lowest reportable level, and statistically lower than our previously published U.S. tobacco cigarettes and little cigars filler. The other metal concentration ranges were similar to previous tobacco cigarettes and little cigars results, although mean concentrations were statistically different in many cases. Different states have testing requirements with action limits for selected metals concentrations in Cannabis sativa L. Several hemp cigarette brands had chromium, nickel, arsenic, and lead concentrations that were above some state action limits.\n\nID: 40803067\nTitle: Kenaf biochar enhances heavy metal phytostabilization and growth of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) using multi-metal contaminated mining site soils.\nAbstract: Heavy-metal (HM) contamination in agricultural soils poses significant risks to ecosystems and human health. Eco-friendly solutions such as biochar application and phytoremediation have emerged as promising approaches for HM immobilization. Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a fast-growing fiber crop with high biomass yield and strong HM stress tolerance, demonstrates significant potential for phytoremediation. In the present study, kenaf biochar (KBC) demonstrated multi-layer chemisorption behavior within a ternary HM system, exhibiting high affinity for HMs, especially for Cd2+ and Zn2+. A controlled pot experiment was performed to examine the effectiveness of KBC in reducing the solubility of HMs and limiting their uptake by industrial hemp. The results showed that KBC amendment enhanced soil physicochemical properties, significantly promoting hemp growth and increasing biomass yield. Moreover, KBC enhanced photosynthetic efficiency through upregulation of PetH, LHCB7, and photosynthesis-related genes. Transcriptome analysis revealed the KBC mediated the cascade regulation of MAPK and CDPK signaling pathways, as well as plant hormone signaling pathways, thereby promoting the activation of antioxidant enzyme systems to resist HMs stress. KBC also regulated the genes associated with antioxidant enzyme systems, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes and non-enzymatic glutathione-ascorbate (AsA-GSH) cycle, reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation to restore redox homeostasis. Meanwhile, KBC reduced HM bioavailability in soil, thereby limiting their translocation to plant tissues. It also maintained ion homeostasis by modulating key transporters (ZIP, COPT) and CDPK. This study elucidates the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying KBC-mediated HM tolerance in industrial hemp, providing valuable insights for sustainable phytoremediation of mining-degraded soils.\n\nID: 40442120\nTitle: Remediating toxic elements with sunflower, hemp, castor bean, & bamboo: an open dataset of harmonized variables.\nAbstract: This dataset was compiled between August 1, 2022, and March 15, 2023, through a comprehensive literature review of 587 studies on the uptake of elements from the soil by plants (i.e., phytoremediation). As a proof of concept, we compiled research results on four commodity crops suitable for phytoremediation in semi-arid environments, namely sunflower, hemp, castor bean, and bamboo. Two hundred thirty-eight studies had data on soil types, elemental pollution, and plant components for calculating bioconcentration factors. Using a harmonized set of variables, we extracted data from these studies to create a database to organize results for interpretation and enable consistent and further literature analysis. This approach can help industry experts and environmental researchers select crops for their intended extraction applications, as well as provide insights into the bioaccumulation of toxic elements in plants.\n\nID: 39828116\nTitle: Is the potential for bioaccumulation of cannabinoids underestimated? Insights from biomimetic chromatography in cannabinoid exposure evaluation.\nAbstract: The use of cannabis-related products is currently experiencing extraordinary growth in popularity in the European and US markets. A wide variety of cannabis-related products have emerged, including oils, tinctures, edibles, topicals, cosmetics, and even beverages and sweets, offering the purported medical benefits without the psychoactive effects associated with Cannabis sativa. However, there is a significant gap in our understanding of bioaccumulation processes and their long-term effects, particularly as cannabinoids are highly lipophilic molecules. In this study, we used a biochromatographic approach to experimentally determine the lipophilicity, binding to phospholipids and affinity to plasma protein of selected cannabinoids to comprehensively assess their bioaccumulation potential. The results obtained clearly indicated that cannabinoids, including the particularly popular cannabidiol, promote bioaccumulation. Importantly, a higher affinity for phospholipids indicated non-specific binding, which can lead to phospholipidosis. Cannabinoids exhibit a stronger binding affinity to human serum albumin (HSA) compared to diclofenac, which might affect the pharmacokinetics of regularly taken medications when co-administered.\n\nID: 39701391\nTitle: Chitooligosaccharide application enhanced the growth and phytoremediation efficiency of industrial hemp in Cd-contaminated soils.\nAbstract: Hemp has been widely used for cadmium (Cd) remediation. However, its remediation efficiency needs to be improved. Chitooligosaccharides can enhance plant resistance and growth; however, their effects on hemp for Cd-remediation remain unclear. Herein, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three doses (0, 22.5, and 45\u00a0\u03bcg m-2) of chitooligosaccharides (COS), chitin-oligosaccharides (NACOS), and hetero-chitooligosaccharides (HTCOS) on the growth and Cd-remediation efficiency of hemp. Results showed that chitooligosaccharides promoted the antioxidant system and aerial biomass (maximum 84\u00a0%) depending on doses and types. COS (22.5\u00a0\u03bcg m-2 under 60\u00a0mg cadmium kg-1 soil), NACOS, and HTCOS significantly elevated the Cd concentration in hemp. Consequently, NACOS and HTCOS (45\u00a0\u03bcg m-2) significantly increased the average Cd removal up to 61\u00a0% and 81\u00a0%, respectively, compared with the control. Therefore, spraying chitooligosaccharides can enhance growth and phytoremediation efficiency of hemp by elevating aerial biomass and cadmium concentration of hemp.\n\nID: 39638132\nTitle: Phytoremediation evaluation of forever chemicals using hemp (Cannabis sativa L.): Pollen bioaccumulation and the risk to bees.\nAbstract: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), often termed \"forever chemicals,\" are a diverse group of persistent fluorinated compounds, including the well-known perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), which has been identified as lethal to bee larvae. However, the risk of PFAS exposure through pollen, a bee's primary food source, has not been thoroughly investigated. In controlled greenhouse experiments, Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) plants were cultivated in soil contaminated with eight PFAS compounds. Phytoremediation potential was assessed by measuring bioconcentration factors (BCF) in both the total above-ground biomass and pollen. The study found that BCF for total PFAS in hemp pollen was significant (>20.8), with over 45% of the total PFAS uptake of around 3248\u00a0\u03bcg/kg concentrated in the pollen. Based on these figures, the estimated daily intake (EDI) of PFOS for western honeybees (Apis mellifera) was found to be about 124.5\u00a0\u03bcg/kg body weight per day. These findings underscore a critical global threat to pollinator health, with significant implications for agriculture and biodiversity.\n\nID: 39094452\nTitle: Study of plasma activated water effect on heavy metal bioaccumulation by Cannabis sativa Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy.\nAbstract: Contamination of the environment with toxic metals such as cadmium or lead is a worldwide issue. The accumulator of metals Cannabis sativa L. has potential to be utilized in phytoremediation, which is an environmentally friendly way of soil decontamination. Novel non-thermal plasma-based technologies may be a helpful tool in this process. Plasma activated water (PAW), prepared by contact of gaseous plasma with water, contains reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which enhance the growth of plants. In this study, C. sativa was grown in a short-term toxicity test in a medium which consisted of plasma activated water prepared by dielectric barrier discharge with liquid electrode and different concentrations of cadmium or lead. Application of PAW on heavy metal contaminated C. sativa resulted in increased growth under Pb contamination as was determined by ecotoxicology tests. Furthermore, the PAW influence on the bioaccumulation of these metals as well as the influence on the nutrient composition of plants was studied primarily by applying Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The LIBS elemental maps show that C. sativa accumulates heavy metals mainly in the roots. The results present a new proof-of-concept in which PAW could be used to improve the growth of plants in heavy metal contaminated environment, while LIBS can be implemented to study the phytoremediation efficiency.\n\nID: 38695182\nTitle: Human Milk Cannabinoid Concentrations and Associations with Maternal Factors: The Lactation and Cannabis (LAC) Study.\nAbstract: Background and Objectives: As cannabis use increases among reproductive-aged women, there is a growing need to better understand the presence of cannabinoids in milk produced by women using cannabis. It is unclear how concentrations of cannabinoids such as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC) persist in milk after cannabis use and what factors contribute to variation in milk \u03949-THC concentrations. Our objectives were to measure cannabinoids in human milk following cannabis abstention, after single and repeated instances of cannabis use, and identify factors contributing to concentration variation. Methods: The Lactation and Cannabis (LAC) Study prospectively observed 20 breastfeeding participants who frequently used cannabis (\u22651/week), had enrolled <6 months postpartum, were feeding their infant their milk \u22655 times/day, and were not using any illicit drugs. Participants collected a baseline milk sample after \u226512 hours of abstaining from cannabis and five milk samples at set intervals over 8-12 hours after initial cannabis use. Participants completed surveys and recorded self-directed cannabis use during the study period. Results: \u03949-THC peaked 120 minutes after a single instance of cannabis use (median, n = 9). More instances of cannabis use during the study period were associated with greater \u03949-THC area-under-the-curve concentrations (\u03c1 = 0.65, p = 0.002), indicating \u03949-THC bioaccumulation in most participants. Baseline \u03949-THC logged concentration was positively associated with self-reported frequency of cannabis use (b = 0.57, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Cannabinoids are measurable in human milk following cannabis use, and concentrations remain elevated with repeated cannabis use over a day. Substantial variation in \u03949-THC milk concentrations reflects individual differences in characteristics and behavior, including average postpartum frequency of cannabis use.\n\nID: 38692366\nTitle: Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) can utilize and remediate soil strongly contaminated with Cu, As, Cd, and Pb by phytoattenuation.\nAbstract: Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has great application potential in heavy metal-polluted soils owing to its safe non-food utilization. However, the fate of heavy metals in different varieties of hemp planted in strongly contaminated natural soils remains unknown. Here, we investigated the growth, heavy metal uptake, distribution, and transfer of nine hemp varieties in soils strongly contaminated with Cu, As, Cd, and Pb. Hemp variety and metal type were the main factors affecting the growth and heavy metal uptake in hemp. The nine hemp varieties grew well in the contaminated soils; however, differences existed among the varieties. The biomass of Z3 reached 5669.1\u00a0kg\u00a0hm-1, whereas that of Yunma No. 1 was only 51.8 % of Z3. The plant height, stalk diameter, and stalk bark thickness of Z3 were greater than those of the other varieties, reaching 168\u00a0cm, 9.2\u00a0mm, and 0.56\u00a0mm, respectively. Permanova's analysis revealed that the total effects of Cu, As, Cd, and Pb on the growth of the nine hemp varieties reached 60 %, with leaf As having the greatest effect, reaching 16 %. , Even in strongly contaminated soils, the nine varieties showed poor Cu, As, Cd, and Pb uptake. Most of the Cu, As, Cd, and Pb were retained in the root, reaching 57.7-72.4, 47.6-64.7, 76.0-92.9, and 70.0-87.8 %, respectively. Overall, the Cu, As, Cd, and Pb uptake of Wanma No.1 was the highest among the nine varieties, whereas that of Guangxi Bama was the lowest. These results indicate that hemp is a viable alternative for phytoattenuation in soils contaminated with heavy metals because of its ability to tolerate and accumulate Cu, As, Cd, and Pb in its roots, and Guangxi Bama is superior to the other varieties considering the safe utilization of hemp products.\n\nID: 38135075\nTitle: Plant testing with hemp and miscanthus to assess phytomanagement options including biostimulants and mycorrhizae on a metal-contaminated soil to provide biomass for sustainable biofuel production.\nAbstract: The need of biofuels from biomass, including sustainable aviation fuel, without using agricultural land dedicated to food crops, is in constant demand. Strategies to intensify biomass production using mycorrhizal fungi, biostimulants and their combinations could be solutions for improving the cultivation of lignocellulosic plants but still lack well-established validation on metal-contaminated soils. This study aimed to assess the yield of Miscanthus x giganteus J.M. Greef & Deuter and Cannabis sativa L. grown on a metal-contaminated agricultural soil (11\u00a0mg Cd, 536\u00a0mg Pb and 955\u00a0mg Zn kg-1) amended with biostimulants and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and the shoot Cd, Pb and Zn uptake. A pot trial was carried out with soil collected from a field near a former Pb/Zn smelter in France and six treatments: control (C), protein hydrolysate (a mixture of peptides and amino acids, PH), humic/fulvic acids (HFA), arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF), PH combined with AMF (PHxAMF), and HFA combined with AMF (HFAxAMF). Metal concentrations in the soil pore water (SPW), pH and electrical conductivity were measured over time. Miscanthus and hemp shoots were harvested on day 90. Both PH and PHxAMF treatments increased SPW Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations (e.g. by 26, 1.9, and 22.9 times for miscanthus and 9.7, 4.7, and 19.3 times for hemp in the PH and PHxAMF treatments as compared to the control one, respectively). This led to phytotoxicity and reduced shoot yield for miscanthus. Conversely, HFA and HFAxAMF treatments decreased SPW Cd and Zn concentrations, increasing shoot yields for hemp and miscanthus. Shoot Cd, Pb, and Zn uptakes peaked for PH and PHxAMF hemp plants (in \u03bcg plant-1, Cd: 310-334, Pb: 34-38, and Zn: 232-309 for PHxAMF and PH, respectively), while lowest values occurred for PH miscanthus plants mainly due to low shoot yield. Overall, this study suggested that humic/fulvic acids can be an effective biostimulant for increasing shoot biomass production in a metal-contaminated soil. These results warrant further investigations of the HFAxAMF in field trials.\n\nID: 38081533\nTitle: The comprehensive review about elements accumulation in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.).\nAbstract: Cannabis sativa L., commonly known as industrial hemp, is a versatile plant with applications ranging from medicinal to agricultural and industrial uses. Despite its benefits, there is a notable gap in regulatory toxicology, in understanding the extent of element accumulation in hemp, which is critical due to its ability to absorb various elements from the soil, including heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, and As), uptakes potential toxic elements (e.g., Sb, Sn, Sr, Bi, Tl), problematic elements (Ni, Cr, Co), and essential elements (Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn). The paper aims to enrich current understandings by offering a comprehensive analysis of elements absorption in industrial hemp. This study emphasizes the potential health risks linked with hemp consumption including regulatory toxicology aspects: limits, Permitted Daily Exposures (PDE), recommendations in different countries and from different agencies/bodies (like the WHO and the EU) based on route of administration, jurisdiction and actual literature review. This review contributes significantly to the knowledge base on hemp safety, serving as a valuable resource for researchers, regulatory bodies, and industry stakeholders.\n\nID: 37884708\nTitle: Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)-a valuable alternative crop for growing in agricultural soils contaminated with heavy metals.\nAbstract: Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a multiuse plant, which has been abundantly studied for phytoremediation purposes in recent years. The majority of experiments were performed in greenhouses with potted plants where hemp showed promising results. Only few studies tested hemp on site in heavy metal-polluted agricultural soil in real environmental conditions and practical assessments of hemp phytoremediation feasibility are lacking. We conducted a comprehensive study using 2 legal industrial hemp varieties (Futura 75 and Tisza) at three differently polluted locations (heavily polluted location, HP; moderately polluted location, MP; and slightly polluted location, SP) in the heavy metal contaminated Celje valley in Slovenia and determined the content of Pb, Zn, and Cd in 5 plant organs/tissues. The yield of each organ/tissue was determined as well to enable us to calculate the phytoremediation potential (PP). On average, plants grown in the HP location accumulated the highest values of all examined elements, followed by plants from the MP location and plants from the SP location, showing that the content of heavy metals in soil influences the accumulation in plants. Accumulation of Pb/Zn/Cd by plant organs/tissues was distributed in the following order: inflorescences (Pb-4.10/Zn-92.8/Cd-0.50 mg/kg) > seeds (Pb-1.79/Zn-92.6/Cd-0.27 mg/kg) > roots (Pb-1.15/Zn-15.0/Cd-0.44 mg/kg) > stem bark (Pb-0.42/Zn-12.4/Cd-0.23 mg/kg) > stem woody core (Pb-0.34/Zn-4.6/Cd-0.15 mg/kg). The only exception was for Cd, where roots accumulated a higher value than seed, yet lower than inflorescences. PP was calculated by multiplying hemp tissue/organ yield by the relative concentrations of heavy metal. The highest PP for Pb and Cd were achieved at the HP location (3.80 and 0.23 g/ha/vegetation period). On the other hand, tissue/organ yield was more important for high PP of Zn, where the SP location reached the highest PP for Zn (148.5 g/ha/vegetation period) due to the highest yields. Only seeds from HP and MP locations accumulated a too high content of Pb; otherwise, all other fibers and seeds can be safely used in the textile and food industry. Results of this study showed that hemp cannot be considered an efficient plant for the phytomanagement of contaminated areas. Nevertheless, hemp cultivation in heavy metal-polluted agricultural soils seems feasible since the majority of tissues/organs were not contaminated and different products can be obtained from various parts of the hemp plant.\n\nID: 37646523\nTitle: Blood and Urinary Metal Levels among Exclusive Marijuana Users in NHANES (2005-2018).\nAbstract: Marijuana is the third most used drug in the world. Because the cannabis plant is a known scavenger of metals, we hypothesized that individuals who use marijuana will have higher metal biomarker levels compared with those who do not use. We combined data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2018) for n=7,254 participants, classified by use: non-marijuana/non-tobacco, exclusive marijuana, exclusive tobacco, and dual marijuana and tobacco use. Five metals were measured in blood and 16 in urine using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; urinary metals were adjusted for urinary creatinine. Participants reporting exclusive marijuana use compared with non-marijuana/non-tobacco use had statistically significantly higher mean cadmium levels in blood [1.22\u03bcg/L (95% CI: 1.11, 1.34); p<0.001] and urine [1.18\u03bcg/g (95% CI: 1.0, 1.31); p=0.004] and statistically significantly higher mean lead levels in blood [1.27\u03bcg/dL (95% CI: 1.07, 1.50); p=0.006] and urine [1.21\u03bcg/g (95% CI: -0.006, 1.50); p=0.058]. Our results suggest marijuana is a source of cadmium and lead exposure. Research regarding cannabis use and cannabis contaminants, particularly metals, should be conducted to address public health concerns related to the growing number of cannabis users. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12074.\n\nID: 37324677\nTitle: Cadmium exposure is associated with increased transcript abundance of multiple heavy metal associated transporter genes in roots of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.).\nAbstract: Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has demonstrated promise for phytoremediation due to an extensive root system, large biomass, and ability to survive under relatively high levels of heavy metals. However, little research has been conducted to determine the impact of heavy metal uptake in hemp grown for medicinal use. This study evaluated the potential for cadmium (Cd) uptake and its impact on growth, physiological responses, and transcript expression of metal transporter genes in a hemp variety grown for flower production. The cultivar 'Purple Tiger' was exposed to 0, 2.5, 10, and 25 mg\u00b7L-1 Cd in a greenhouse hydroponic study in two independent experiments. Plants exposed to 25 mg\u00b7L-1 Cd displayed stunted plant growth characteristics, reduced photochemical efficiency, and premature senescence suggesting Cd toxicity. At the two lower concentrations of Cd (2.5 and 10 mg\u00b7L-1 Cd), plant height, biomass, and photochemical efficiency were not affected, with chlorophyll content index (CCI) being slightly lower at 10 mg\u00b7L-1 Cd, compared to 2.5 mg\u00b7L-1 Cd. There were no consistent differences between the two experiments in total cannabidiol (CDB) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations in flower tissues at 2.5 and 10 mg\u00b7L-1 Cd, compared to the control treatment. Root tissue accumulated the highest amount of Cd compared to other tissues for all the Cd treatments, suggesting preferential root sequestration of this heavy metal in hemp. Transcript abundance analysis of heavy metal-associated (HMA) transporter genes suggested that all seven members of this gene family are expressed in hemp, albeit with higher expression in the roots than in the leaves. In roots, CsHMA3 was up-regulated at 45 and 68\u00a0d after treatment (DAT), and CsHMA1, CsHMA4, and CsHMA5 were upregulated only under long term Cd stress at 68 DAT, at 10 mg\u00b7L-1 Cd. Results suggest that expression of multiple HMA transporter genes in the root tissue may be upregulated in hemp exposed to 10 mg\u00b7L-1 Cd in a nutrient solution. These transporters could be involved in Cd uptake in the roots via regulating its transport and sequestration, and xylem loading for long distance transport of Cd to shoot, leaf, and flower tissues.\n\nID: 37080470\nTitle: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence the uptake of cadmium in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.).\nAbstract: Phytoremediation is currently a more environmentally friendly and economical measure for the remediation of cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil. Heavy metal-resistant plant species, Cannabis sativa L. was inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis to investigate the mechanisms of mycorrhizal in improving the Cd remediation ability of C. sativa. The results showed that after inoculation with R. irregularis, C. sativa root Cd contents increased significantly, and leaf Cd enrichment decreased significantly. At the transcriptional level, R. irregularis down-regulated the expression of the ABC transporter family but up-regulated differentially expressed genes regulating low molecular weight organic acids. The levels of malic acid, citric acid, and lactic acid were significantly increased in the rhizosphere soil, and they were significantly and strongly related to oxidizable Cd concentrations. Then citric acid levels were considerably and positively connected to exchangeable Cd concentrations. Our findings revealed that through regulating the movement of root molecules, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus enhanced the heavy metal tolerance of C. sativa even more, meanwhile, they changed the Cd chemical forms by altering the composition of low molecular weight organic acids, which in turn affected soil Cd bioavailability.\n\nID: 36668731\nTitle: Phytoremediation: A Novel Approach of Bast Fiber Plants (Hemp, Kenaf, Jute and Flax) for Heavy Metals Decontamination in Soil-Review.\nAbstract: Heavy metal pollution in the environment is a major concern for humans as it is non-biodegradable and can have a lot of effects on the environment, humans as well as plants. At present, a solution to this problem is suggested in terms of a new, innovative and eco-friendly technology known as phytoremediation. Bast fiber plants are typically non-edible crops that have a short life cycle. It is one of the significant crops that has attracted interest for many industrial uses because of its constant fiber supply and ease of maintenance. Due to its low maintenance requirements with minimum economic investment, bast fiber plants have been widely used in phytoremediation. Nevertheless, these plants have the ability to extract metals from the soil through their deep roots, combined with their commercial prospects, making them an ideal candidate as a profit-yielding crop for phytoremediation purposes. Therefore, a comprehensive review is needed for a better understanding of the morphology and phytoremediation mechanism of four commonly bast fiber plants, such as hemp (Cannabis sativa), kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), jute (Corchorus olitorius) and Flax (Linum usitatissimum). This review article summarizes the existing research on the phytoremediation potential of these plants grown in different toxic pollutants such as Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn). This work also discusses several aids including natural and chemical amendments to improve phytoremediation. The role of these amendments in the bioavailability of contaminants, their uptake, translocation and bioaccumulation, as well as their effect on plant growth and development, has been highlighted in this paper. This paper helps in identifying, comparing and addressing the recent achievements of bast fiber plants for the phytoremediation of heavy metals in contaminated soil.\n\nID: 36637648\nTitle: Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) field cultivation in a phytoattenuation strategy and valorization potential of the fibers for textile production.\nAbstract: This paper evaluates the valorization potential of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) fibers produced on HM-contaminated soil as a safe feedstock for the textile industry. The chosen strategy was phytoattenuation, which combines the progressive soil quality improvement of contaminated land using phytoremediation techniques with the production of safe non-food biomass. A field experiment was set up with two hemp cultivars on a site contaminated with Cd, Pb, and Zn and on a nearby site containing clean soil as a control. Stem height and diameter were analyzed, as well as stem and fiber yield and the HM concentrations in the fibers, which were compared to legal safety standards and toxicity thresholds used in the textile industry. The hemp cultivar Carmagnola Selected (CS) had a significantly higher stem and bigger stem diameter compared to cultivar USO 31 on both sites. Stem yields showed a decrease of 30% and 50%, respectively, for both hemp cultivars grown on the contaminated site. However, the stem yield of CS growing on the contaminated site was similar to the stem yield of USO 31 growing on the control site, indicating that hemp cultivation on contaminated soil can be economically viable. Total and extractable Cd, Pb, and Zn fiber concentrations were far below the toxicity standards for textile production purposes. These results are promising in terms of the potential valorization of contaminated land with hemp cultivation and the development of a non-food value chain within a phytoattenuation strategy.\n\nID: 36554374\nTitle: Phytoextraction Potential of Sunn Hemp, Sunflower, and Marigold for Carbaryl Contamination: Hydroponic Experiment.\nAbstract: The phytoextraction ability and responses of sunn hemp, sunflower, and marigold plants were investigated toward carbaryl insecticide at 10 mg L-1 and its degradative product (1-naphthol). All test plants exhibited significant carbaryl removal capability (65-93%) with different mechanisms. Marigold had the highest translocation factor, with carbaryl taken up, translocated and accumulated in the shoots, where it was biotransformed into 1-naphthol. Consequently, marigold had the least observable toxicity symptoms caused by carbaryl and the highest bioconcentration factor (1848), indicating its hyperaccumulating capability. Sunflower responded to carbaryl exposure differently, with the highest carbaryl accumulation (8.7 mg kg-1) in roots within 4 days of cultivation, leading to a partial toxicity effect. Sunn hemp exhibited severe toxicity, having the highest carbaryl accumulation (91.7 mg kg-1) that was biotransformed to 1-naphthol in the sunn hemp shoots. In addition, the different models were discussed on plant hormone formation in response to carbaryl exposure.\n\nID: 36448248\nTitle: Cadmium-resistant Streptomyces stimulates phytoextraction potential of Crotalaria juncea L. in cadmium-polluted soil.\nAbstract: This work evaluated the competence of two strains of cadmium (Cd)-resistant Streptomyces, namely Streptomyces rapamycinicus K5PN1, an indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) producer, and Streptomyces cyaneus 11-10SHTh, a siderophore producer on promoting Cd phytoextraction by sunn hemp. The results showed that S. rapamycinicus improved root elongation of sunn hemp seedlings under Cd stress conditions. S. rapamycinicus and S. cyaneus were colonized on the root surface of sunn hemp at concentrations of 2.3\u2009\u00d7\u2009104 and 6.4\u2009\u00d7\u2009103 CFU g-1 root fresh weight, respectively. The results of pot-culture experiments showed that S. rapamycinicus increased the root and shoot lengths, and dry biomass of sunn hemp planted in high Cd-contaminated soil. The Cd concentration in the leaves of sunn hemp inoculated with S. cyaneus (73.82\u2009\u00b1\u20092.20\u2009mg kg-1 plant dry wt) was higher than that of plants with S. rapamycinicus inoculation and the uninoculated control. The phytoextraction of Cd by sunn hemp was significantly increased with Cd-resistant Streptomyces inoculation. In conclusion, both strains of Cd-resistant Streptomyces had potential on enhancing Cd phytoextraction efficiency of sunn hemp. Our study suggests the application of Cd-resistant Streptomyces can improve Cd phytoextraction by sunn hemp for restoration of Cd-polluted sites. Our study demonstrated the potential of two strains of Cd-resistant Streptomyces to stimulate Cd phytoextraction from soil by sunn hemp. Cadmium-resistant Streptomyces strongly stimulated Cd uptake and accumulation in sunn hemp planted in high level of Cd-polluted soil, supporting sunn hemp to be a superior Cd accumulator.\n\nID: 35987236\nTitle: Heavy metal and phthalate contamination and labeling integrity in a large sample of US commercially available cannabidiol (CBD) products.\nAbstract: The demand and availability of commercially available cannabidiol (CBD) products has grown substantially, which is of particular interest among medically vulnerable people. Because the cannabis plant is recognized as a bioaccumulator, which is highly effective at absorbing and retaining contaminants (e.g., heavy metals) in soil, it is important to characterize the degree of contamination in CBD products and their label accuracy to better estimate potential health benefits and risks associated with consumption. Levels of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, four phthalates, and CBD labeling accuracy were quantified in a selection of commercially available CBD products in the US. Heavy metal concentrations were quantified by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Phthalates were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. CBD labeling accuracy was determined by extracting samples into a suitable organic solvent and analyzing using liquid chromatography with diode array detection. Lead was detected in 42 %, cadmium in 8 %, arsenic in 28 %, and mercury in 37 % of 121 edible CBD products. Four edible CBD products exceeded the California Proposition 65 threshold for daily lead consumption of 0.5\u03bcg in two servings. The percentage of edible products with detectable phthalate concentrations varied between 13 % and 80 % across the four phthalates, with DEHP being most prevalent. Among all products tested for CBD labeling accuracy (topicals, edibles, N = 516), 40 % contained <90 % of the CBD indicated on the product label, 18 % contained >110 %, and only 42 % of products fell within \u00b110 % of the CBD claimed on the manufacturer label. Concentrations of heavy metals and phthalates were not associated with CBD potency. Low-level contamination of edible CBD products with heavy metals and phthalates is pervasive. There is substantial discrepancy between the product label claims for CBD potency and the amount measured in both edible and topical products, underscoring the need for tight regulations for CBD product label integrity to protect consumers.\n\nID: 35417760\nTitle: Phytoremediation of a pyrene-contaminated soil by Cannabis sativa L. at different initial pyrene concentrations.\nAbstract: This study proposes the phytoremediation of a pyrene (PYR)-contaminated soil by Cannabis sativa L. The experimental campaign was conducted along a 60 days period using three different initial PYR concentrations (i.e., 50, 100 and 150\u00a0mg\u00a0kg TS-1 of soil) in 300\u00a0mL volume pots under greenhouse conditions (18-25\u00a0\u00b0C and 45-55% humidity). After 60 days of hemp growth and flourishing, the highest PYR removal reached approximately 95% in planted soil, 35% higher than in the unplanted control. PYR accumulation was observed in both roots and aerial parts of the plant, with a higher PYR uptake at increasing initial PYR concentrations in soil. The initial PYR concentration affected the growth and, thus, the phytoremediation potential of C. sativa L., which was the result of different removal mechanisms. Overall, the lowest initial PYR concentration was the one that resulted in the highest PYR removal. The interaction between the plant roots and microorganisms in rhizosphere was likely associated with PYR removal in this study. The highest DHO activity of 66.26\u00a0\u03bcg INTF g-1 TS-1 was observed in the soil spiked with 50\u00a0mg PYR\u00b7kg TS-1.\n\nID: 34642886\nTitle: Cannabis sativa L. and Brassica juncea L. grown on arsenic-contaminated industrial soil: potentiality and limitation for phytoremediation.\nAbstract: Phytoremediation represents a natural method to remove contaminants from soil. The goal of this study was to investigate the potential of phosphate-assisted phytoremediation by two energy crops, Cannabis sativa L. and Brassica juncea L., for the sustainable remediation of heavily arsenic-contaminated industrial soil. The two species were investigated for uptake, translocation, and physiological effects of arsenic and phosphate in a microcosm test. Although C. sativa and B. juncea were symptomless when grown in arsenic-contaminated soil, an important reduction of biomass (50 and 25%, respectively) was observed as a stress marker. Phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity effects promoted by contaminated soils were investigated in both the species and a model plant for ecotoxicity studies, Vicia faba L., which is the most developed model to test genotoxicity effects in terms of chromosomal aberration and micronuclei presence. The higher amount of arsenic was found in C. sativa and B. juncea roots (on average 1473 and 778 mg kg-1, respectively), but both species were able to uptake and translocate arsenic in leaves and stems, up to 47.0 and 189 mg kg-1, respectively. Phosphate treatment had no effect on arsenic uptake in none of the crop, but significantly improved the plant performance. Biomass production resulted similar to that of B. juncea control plants. Antioxidant enzymatic activities and photosynthetic performance responded differently in the two crops. The present investigation provides new insight for a proficient selection of the most suitable crop species for sustainable phytomanagement of a highly polluted As-contaminated site by coupled phytoremediation-bioenergy approach.\n\nID: 34539703\nTitle: Molecular and Biochemical Insights Into Early Responses of Hemp to Cd and Zn Exposure and the Potential Effect of Si on Stress Response.\nAbstract: With the intensification of human activities, plants are more frequently exposed to heavy metals (HM). Zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) are frequently and simultaneously found in contaminated soils, including agronomic soils contaminated by the atmospheric fallout near smelters. The fiber crop Cannabis sativa L. is a suitable alternative to food crops for crop cultivation on these soils. In this study, Cd (20 \u03bcM) and Zn (100 \u03bcM) were shown to induce comparable growth inhibition in C. sativa. To devise agricultural strategies aimed at improving crop yield, the effect of silicon (Si; 2 mM) on the stress tolerance of plants was considered. Targeted gene expression and proteomic analysis were performed on leaves and roots after 1 week of treatment. Both Cd- and Zn-stimulated genes involved in proline biosynthesis [pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR)] and phenylpropanoid pathway [phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)] but Cd also specifically increased the expression of PCS1-1 involved in phytochelatin (PC) synthesis. Si exposure influences the expression of numerous genes in a contrasting way in Cd- and Zn-exposed plants. At the leaf level, the accumulation of 122 proteins was affected by Cd, whereas 47 proteins were affected by Zn: only 16 proteins were affected by both Cd and Zn. The number of proteins affected due to Si exposure (27) alone was by far lower, and 12 were not modified by heavy metal treatment while no common protein seemed to be modified by both CdSi and ZnSi treatment. It is concluded that Cd and Zn had a clear different impact on plant metabolism and that Si confers a specific physiological status to stressed plants, with quite distinct impacts on hemp proteome depending on the considered heavy metal.\n\nID: 33728605\nTitle: Silicon reduces cadmium absorption and increases root-to-shoot translocation without impacting growth in young plants of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) on a short-term basis.\nAbstract: Textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a non-edible multipurpose crop suitable for fiber production and/or phytoremediation on moderately heavy metal-contaminated soils. Experiments were conducted in nutrient solution to assess the short-term impact of silicon (Si), a well-known beneficial element, on plants exposed to 20 \u03bcM cadmium (Cd) in nutrient solution. Cd decreased plant growth and affected photosynthesis through non-stomatal effects. Cd translocation factor was higher than 1, confirming the interest of hemp for phytoextraction purposes. Additional Si did not improve plant growth after 1 week of treatment but decreased Cd accumulation in all organs and improved water use efficiency through a decrease in transpiration rate. Si had only marginal impact on Cd distribution among organs. It increased glutathione and phytochelatin synthesis allowing the plants to efficiently cope with oxidative stress through the improvement of Cd sequestration on thiol groups in the roots. Si may thus have a fast impact on the plant behavior before the occurrence of plant growth stimulation.\n\nID: 32926281\nTitle: Single and combined use of Cannabis sativa L. and carbon-rich materials for the removal of pesticides and endocrine-disrupting chemicals from water and soil.\nAbstract: Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seedlings were used to remove from water the fungicide metalaxyl-M and the endocrine disruptor (EDC) bisphenol A (BPA) at concentrations ranging from 2 to 100 \u03bcg mL-1. In 7 days of exposure, despite the phytotoxicity of each compound that reduced elongation and biomass, the seedlings were able to remove between 67 and 94% of metalaxyl-M and between 86 and 95% of BPA. The amounts of metalaxyl-M and BPA extracted from plant dry biomass were in the range of 106-3861 \u03bcg g-1 and 16-101 \u03bcg g-1, respectively, and resulted positively correlated to both the dose of compound added (P \u2264 0.01) and the amount removed by the plants (P \u2264 0.01). Plant uptake and transformation were the main mechanisms involved in the removal of the compounds. In another set of experiments, hemp was used to remove a mixture of two pesticides, metalaxyl-M and metribuzin, and three EDCs, BPA, 17\u03b2-estradiol (E2), and 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), at concentrations of 10, 10, 10, 10, and 1 \u03bcg g-1, respectively, from soil column not added and added with 2.5% (w/w) of a green compost (CM) or a wood biochar (BC). In 25 days, plants did not alter considerably the distribution of the compounds along the soil profile and were capable of removing, on average, 12, 11, 10, 9, and 14% of metalaxyl-M, metribuzin, BPA, E2, and OP, respectively. During growth, hemp transformed the compounds and accumulated part of them (except OP) mainly in the shoots. CM and, especially, BC significantly protected the plants from the toxicity of the compounds and enhanced the retention of the latter in soil, contrasting leaching. Thus, the single or synergistic use of hemp and amendments deserves attention being a very low-cost and eco-sustainable strategy to remediate water and soil.\n\nID: 32888151\nTitle: Bioaccumulation potential of indigenous plants for heavy metal phytoremediation in rural areas of Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar, Punjab (India).\nAbstract: The present study was planned to explore the bioaccumulation potential of 23 plant species via bioaccumulation factor (BAf), metal accumulation index (MAI), translocation potential (Tf), and comprehensive bioconcentration index (CBCI) for seven heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc). The studied plants, in the vicinity of ponds at Sahlon: site 1, Chahal Khurd: site 2, and Karnana: site 3 in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar, Punjab (India), were Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L., Amaranthus spinosus L., Amaranthus viridis L., Brassica napus L., Cannabis sativa L., Dalbergia sissoo DC., Duranta repens L., Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants, Ficus infectoria Roxb., Ficus palmata Forssk., Ficus religiosa L., Ipomoea carnea Jacq., Medicago polymorpha L., Melia azedarach L., Morus indica L., Malva rotundifolia L., Panicum virgatum L., Parthenium hysterophorus L., Dolichos lablab L., Ricinus communis L., Rumex dentatus L., Senna occidentalis (L.) Link, and Solanum nigrum L. BAf and Tf values showed high inter-site deviations for studied metals. MAI values were found to be more substantial in shoots as compared with that of roots of plants. Maximum CBCI values were observed for M. azedarach (0.626), M. indica (0.572), D. sissoo (0.497), and R. communis (0.474) for site 1; F. infectoria (0.629), R. communis (0.541), D. sissoo (0.483), F. palmata (0.457), and D. repens (0.448) for site 2; D. sissoo (0.681), F. religiosa (0.447), and R. communis (0.429) for site 3. Although, high bioaccumulation of individual metals was observed in herbs like C. sativa, M. polymorpha, and Amaranthus spp., cumulatively, trees were found to be the better bioaccumulators of heavy metals.\n\nID: 31545186\nTitle: Growth stage and molybdenum treatment affect cadmium accumulation, antioxidant defence and chlorophyll contents in Cannabis sativa plant.\nAbstract: Cadmium (Cd) uptake and accumulation in plant tissues is affected by physiological stage of a plant and presence of mineral nutrients in soil. We investigate the effect of micronutrient Mo (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0\u202fppm) on biomass, Cd accumulation, photosynthetic pigments and endogenous phenolics and soluble proline in Cannabis sativa plant grown in 25 and 50\u202fppm Cd polluted soil. Molybdenum was applied as seed soaking and soil addition treatments. The plants were harvested in two stages i.e. vegetative (6 weeks) and reproductive stages (12 weeks). It was found that seed soaking treatment of 1.0\u202fppm Mo most significantly increased biomass, Cd accumulation (1.76\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.19\u202fmg Cd/DBM) and phenolics (104.5\u202f\u00b1\u202f4.46\u202fppm) concentration in the plant tissues. Molybdenum treatments highly increased Cd bio-concentration at reproductive stage as compared to vegetative stage in plants grown in 50\u202fppm Cd polluted soil. Translocation of Cd from roots into leaves was significantly increased by Mo treatments at reproductive stage as compared to vegetative stage. Strong inter-correlations existed between total phenolics, Cd accumulation, dry biomass and chlorophyll contents of the plant.\n\nID: 31465423\nTitle: Enhanced tolerance of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants on abandoned mine land soil leads to overexpression of cannabinoids.\nAbstract: Industrial activities have a detrimental impact on the environment and health when high concentrations of pollutants are released. Phytoremediation is a natural method of utilizing plants to remove contaminants from the soil. The goal of this study was to investigate the ability of Cannabis sativa L. to sustainably grow and remediate abandoned coal mine land soils in Pennsylvania. In this study, six different varieties of industrial hemp (Fedora 17, Felina 32, Ferimon, Futura 75, Santhica 27, and USO 31) were grown on two different contaminated soil types and two commercial soils (Miracle-Gro Potting Mix and PRO-MIX HP Mycorrhizae High Porosity Grower Mix). Plants growing in all soil types were exposed to two environmental conditions (outside and in the greenhouse). Seed germination response and plant height indicated no significant differences among all hemp varieties grown in different soils, however on an average, the height of the plants grown in the greenhouse exceeded that of the plants grown outdoors. In addition, heavy metal analysis of Arsenic, Lead, Nickel, Mercury, and Cadmium was performed. The concentration of Nickel was 2.54 times greater in the leaves of hemp grown in mine land soil outdoors when compared to greenhouse conditions. No differences were found between expression of heavy metal transporter genes. Secondary metabolite analysis of floral buds from hemp grown in mine land soil displayed a significant increase in the total Cannabidiol content (2.16%, 2.58%) when compared to Miracle-Gro control soil (1.08%, 1.6%) for outdoors and in the greenhouse, respectively. Molecular analysis using qRT-PCR indicated an 18-fold increase in the expression of the cannabidiolic acid synthase gene in plants grown on mine land soil. The data indicates a high tolerance to heavy metals as indicated from the physiological and metabolites analysis.\n\nID: 31121980\nTitle: Protein Changes in Response to Lead Stress of Lead-Tolerant and Lead-Sensitive Industrial Hemp Using SWATH Technology.\nAbstract: Hemp is a Pb-tolerant and Pb-accumulating plant and the study of its tolerance mechanisms could facilitate the breeding of hemp with enhanced Pb tolerance and accumulation. In the present study, we took advantage of sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH) technology to study the difference in proteomics between the leaves of Pb-tolerant seed-type hemp variety Bamahuoma (BM) and the Pb-sensitive fiber-type hemp variety Yunma 1 (Y1) under Pb stress (3 g/kg soil). A total of 63 and 372 proteins differentially expressed under Pb stress relative to control conditions were identified with liquid chromatography electro spray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in BM and Y1, respectively; with each of these proteins being classified into 14 categories. Hemp adapted to Pb stress by: accelerating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolism; enhancing respiration, light absorption and light energy transfer; promoting assimilation of intercellular nitrogen (N) and carbon (C); eliminating reactive oxygen species; regulating stomatal development and closure; improving exchange of water and CO2 in leaves; promoting intercellular transport; preventing aggregation of unfolded proteins; degrading misfolded proteins; and increasing the transmembrane transport of ATP in chloroplasts. Our results provide an important reference protein and gene information for future molecular studies into the resistance and accumulation of Pb in hemp.\n\nID: 26366840\nTitle: Phytoaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Natural Vegetation at the Municipal Wastewater Site in Abbottabad, Pakistan.\nAbstract: Heavy metal accumulation in crops and soils from wastewater irrigation poses a significant threat to the human health. A study was carried out to investigate the removal potential of heavy metals (HM) by native plant species, namely Cannabis sativa L., Chenopodium album L., Datura stramonium L., Sonchus asper L., Amaranthus viridus L., Oenothera rosea (LHer), Xanthium stramonium L., Polygonum macalosa L., Nasturtium officinale L. and Conyza canadensis L. growing at the municipal wastewater site in Abbottabad city, Pakistan. The HM concentrations varied among plants depending on the species. Metal concentrations across species varied in the order iron (Fe) > zinc (Zn) > chromium (Cr) > nickel (Ni) > cadmium (Cd). Majority of the species accumulated more HM in roots than shoots. Among species, the concentrations (both in roots and shoots) were in the order C. sativa > C. album > X. stramonium > C. canadensis > A. viridus > N. officinale > P. macalosa > D. stramonium > S. asper > O. rosea. No species was identified as a hyperaccumulator. All species exhibited a translocation factor (TF) less than 1. Species like C. sativa, C. album and X. stramonium gave higher (> 1) biological concentration factor (BCF) and biological accumulation coefficient (BAC) especially for Fe, Cr and Cd than other species. Higher accumulation of heavy metals in these plant species signifies the general application of these species for phytostabilization and phytoextraction of HM from polluted soils.\n\nID: 25174425\nTitle: Effective Phytoextraction of Cadmium (Cd) with Increasing Concentration of Total Phenolics and Free Proline in Cannabis sativa (L) Plant Under Various Treatments of Fertilizers, Plant Growth Regulators and Sodium Salt.\nAbstract: The comparative effect of fertilizers (NPK), plant growth regulators (GA3, IAA, Zeatin) and sodium chloride (NaCl) on Cd phytoaccumulation, proline and phenolics production in Cannabis sativa was evaluated. Proline and phenolices were correlated with Cd contents in plant. Cd significantly reduced the plant growth. Fertilizers application (in combination) most significantly increased the growth (19 cm root and 47 cm shoot) on Cd contaminated soil. All treatments increased the Cd contents in plant tissues. This increase was highly significant in fertilizers treated plants (1101, 121 and 544 ppm in roots, stem and leaves respectively). Significantly positive correlation was found between Cd concentration and dry biomass of root (R2=0.7511) and leaves (R2=0.5524). All treatments significantly increased the proline and total phenolics and maximum was recorded in NaCl treated plants followed by fertilizers. Proline was higher in roots while phenolics in leaves. The correlation between proline and phenolics was positive in leaf (R2=0.8439) and root (R2=0.5191). Proline and phenolics showed positive correlation with Cd concentration in plant. Conclusively, fertilizers in combination seem to be the better option for Cd phytoextraction. Further investigation is suggested to study the role of phenolics and proline in Cd phytoextraction.\n\nID: 23088580\nTitle: Nutritive quality of romanian hemp varieties (Cannabis sativa L.) with special focus on oil and metal contents of seeds.\nAbstract: The study aims to determine the nutritional value of hemp seed expressed by the oil content and by the concentration of metals (Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cd), for five varieties of monoecious and dioecious hemp seeds approved in Romania, comparative with the concentration of these metals in the soil. The content of oil in hempseed registers a slight decrease in the production records of 2011, losses due to drought and low levels of precipitation during the growth period. The greatest loss is found in Diana monoecious variety (26.54-20.82%) followed by Zenit varieties (27.37-22.97%), Armanca (29.27-25.32%), Silvana (28.89-25.04%) and Denise (26.96-25.30%). Siccative hemp oil has a yellowish green color and an iodine index of 140-156 g I2/100 g oil. Hemp seed are rich in mineral based Ca (144-955 mg/100 g seed), Mg (237-694 mg/100 g seed), K (463-2821 mg/100 g seed), Fe (1133-2400 mg.kg-1), Mn (63-110 mg.kg-1) and Zn (42-94 mg.kg-1). For the soil the following macroelements concentrations were determined: Ca (2100-2520 mg.kg-1), Mg (320-376 mg.kg-1) and K (232-257 mg.kg-1). Mn (156-197 mg.kg-1) and Zn (54-67 mg.kg-1) remain within normal limits for Romania. The soils in the experience area contain large amounts of Fe (19000-20430 mg.kg-1). The presence of K in large quantities determines the accumulation of large quantities of Fe in the soil. Hempseed belonging to the five Romanian varieties are rich source of nutrients (Ca, Mg, K) and unsaturated oil easily digestible by the body, but the presence of Cd concentrations above the upper limit puts a question mark over the use of seeds in various food products. Hemp extracts easily certain metals from the soil. Significant amounts of Fe (1133-2400 mg.kg-1), Mn (63-110 mg.kg-1), Zn (42-94 mg.kg-1) and Cd (1.3-4.0 mg.kg-1) are found in hemp seeds. Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is included among plants suitable for phytoremediation of soil contaminated with cadmium, zinc and iron.\n\nID: 21938417\nTitle: Cadmium tolerance and bioaccumulation of 18 hemp accessions.\nAbstract: Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a fast-growing and high biomass producing plant species, which has been traditionally grown as multiple-use crop and recently considered as an energy crop. In order to screen accessions that can be cultivated in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soils for biodiesel production, the ability of Cd tolerance and bioaccumulation of 18 hemp cultivars or ecotypes were evaluated in pot experiment under 25 mg Cd kg(-1) (dry weight, DW) soil condition, in terms of plant growth, pigment contents, chlorophyll fluorescence, and Cd accumulation at 45 days after seedling emergence. Results showed that seedlings of all cultivars, except USO-31, Shenyang and Shengmu, could grow quite well under 25 mg Cd kg(-1) (DW) soil condition. Among them, Yunma 1, Yunma 2, Yunma 3, Yunma 4, Qujing, Longxi, Lu'an, Xingtai, and Shuyang showed great biomass (>0.5 g plant(-1)), high tolerance factors (68.6-92.3%), and little reduction of pigment content and chlorophyll fluorescence under 25 mg Cd kg(-1) (DW) soil stress, indicating these cultivars had a strong tolerance to Cd stress and could be cultivated in Cd-contaminated soils. Cultivars Longxi, Lu'an, Xingtai, Yunma 2, Yunma 3, Yunma 4, and Qujing exhibited higher Cd concentrations and total Cd in shoots. These cultivars, therefore, are good candidates for the implementation of the new strategy of cultivating biodiesel crops for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils.\n\nID: 19393309\nTitle: Cadmium tolerance and accumulation in eight potential energy crops.\nAbstract: The production of energy crops that can be used for biodiesel production is a sustainable approach for the removal of metal pollutants by phytoremediation. This study investigated the cadmium (Cd) accumulation and tolerance of eight potential energy crops. After growth for 28 days in substrates containing 0, 50, 100 or 200 mg Cd x kg(-1), seedlings were evaluated for growth parameters, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and Cd accumulation. All eight crops were moderately tolerant to Cd toxicity, with four [i.e., hemp (Cannabis sativa), flax (Linum usitatissimum), castor (Ricinus communis) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea)] being more tolerant than the others. Three of these crops (hemp, flax and peanut) had higher Cd accumulation capacities. The roots of peanut and hemp had high bioconcentration factors (BCF>1000), while flax shoots accumulated a higher concentration of Cd (>100 mg/kg). These results demonstrate that it is possible to grow energy crops on Cd-contaminated soil. Hemp, flax and peanut are excellent candidates for phytoremediation.\n\nID: 15698640\nTitle: The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae induces growth and metal accumulation changes in Cannabis sativa L.\nAbstract: The effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza on heavy metal uptake and translocation was investigated in Cannabis sativa. Hemp was grown in the presence and absence of 100 microg g-1 Cd and Ni and 300 microg g-1 Cr(VI), and inoculated or not with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae. In our experimental condition, hemp growth was reduced in inoculated plants and the reduction was related to the degree of mycorrhization. The percentage of mycorrhizal colonisation was 42% and 9% in plants grown in non-contaminated and contaminated soil, suggesting a significant negative effect of high metal concentrations on plant infection by G. mosseae. Soil pH, metal bioavailability and plant metal uptake were not influenced by mycorrhization. The organ metal concentrations were not statistically different between inoculated and non-inoculated plants, apart from Ni which concentration was significantly higher in stem and leaf of inoculated plants grown in contaminated soil. The distribution of absorbed metals inside plant was related to the soil heavy metal concentrations: in plant grown in non-contaminated soil the greater part of absorbed Cr and Ni was found in shoots and no significant difference was determined between inoculated and non-inoculated plants. On the contrary, plants grown in artificially contaminated soil accumulated most metal in root organ. In this soil, mycorrhization significantly enhanced the translocation of all the three metals from root to shoot. The possibility to increase metal accumulation in shoot is very interesting for phytoextraction purpose, since most high producing biomass plants, such as non-mycorrhized hemp, retain most heavy metals in roots, limiting their application.\n=======================================================\n\n### [CUSTOM DATAPOINTS]\nCRITICAL EXTRACTION DIRECTIVE: You MUST extract the following custom datapoints as root-level key/value pairs inside your final JSON block:\n- \"suggested_experiments\": generate 1-3 suggested experiments\n- \"suggested_studies\": generate 1-3 suggested studies\n- \"swansons_literature_based_discovery_candidates\": You are an advanced Literature-Based Discovery (LBD) system executing Swanson\u2019s complementary-but-disjoint (A-B-C) model. Your goal is to find hidden, unpublished connections across the provided dataset. Strict Discovery Protocol: 1. Identify distinct, isolated sub-literatures (Domain A and Domain C) within the dataset that share NO direct citations, co-mentions, or common contextual paragraphs. 2. Find an intermediate biological mechanism, protein, path, or entity (Bridge B) that appears independently in both isolated domains (A-to-B and B-to-C). 3. Synthesize a novel, unstated hypothesis (A-to-C). Negative Constraint (Crucial): DO NOT output any connection if the relationship between Concept A and Concept C is explicitly mentioned, paired, or summarized anywhere in the source text. If a connection (like \"OMN resilience to SMN stabilization\") is already explicitly stated or grouped as a concept in the data, it is considered \"already known\" and must be disqualified. Format your output exactly as follows: - Discovered Hypothesis (A to C): [Clear, novel statement] - Literature A (Origin): [Entity/Concept and source context] - Literature C (Target): [Entity/Concept and source context] - The Intersecting Bridge B: [The shared mechanism/protein linking them] - Biological Rationale: [1-2 sentences explaining why this hidden connection is mechanistically plausible]\n- \"contradictions_between_evidences\": Identify conflicting evidence within the evidence set (if any) and flag the dispute here\n- \"repurposed_solutions\": identify and explain repurposed Solution potentials\n\n\nFormat Requirement:\nRAG AMNESIA IS ACTIVE: You must ONLY use the provided context literature. Do not use outside prior knowledge. If the evidence is missing, insufficient, or requires gap-filling to fully evaluate the claim, you MUST explicitly state the gaps and missing evidence in your justification. Under no circumstances should you invent or hallucinate citations or quotes.\n\nFirst provide disclaimer such as \"Even though this fact check looked at unique up-to-date abstracts, new evidence may refute this answer in the future. Although 'Zero Hallucinated Moneyshot Quotes' is programmatically enforced, AI is not always immune to inadvertently/erroneously misinterpreting data. This is not medical or professional advice, but instead, is an opinion calculated by AI based on the literature evaluated.\"\n---\nWrite in a highly academic, formal thesis tone.\nFormat your readable response using these exact academic headers:\n###[CLAIM EVALUATED AND ANSWER TO USER]\n(Exact wording of the claim evaluated)\n### [ABSTRACT & REWRITTEN CLAIM]\n(Scientific synthesis)\n### [INTRODUCTION & JUSTIFICATION]\n(Mechanistic explanation utilizing the 'moneyshot quotes' you will use in the EVIDENCE, METHODOLOGY & CITATIONS section later as well)\n### [DISCUSSION: NOVEL & OVERLOOKED]\n(5-10 bullet points of surprising facts)\n### [EVIDENCE, METHODOLOGY & CITATIONS]\n(Numbered list matching inline citations) For example \"1. ID: 12345 - Application: The text discusses ... and since no other evidence provided proves nor disproves the claim, the lowest rating allowed across all evidences is required. ID:12345 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 3) - [copied/verbatim Quote text]\"\n\n**CRITICAL: You must include the exact quote you used in the [copied/verbatim Quote text] section.\n\nIf the prompt says \"at least 20 quotes\" then there must be at least 20 matching citations. You must actually use the quotes you select within the conext of the preprint publication you write.\n\nEvaluation Schema:\nRAG AMNESIA IS ACTIVE: You must ONLY use the provided context literature. Do not use outside prior knowledge. If the evidence is missing, insufficient, or requires gap-filling to fully evaluate the claim, you MUST explicitly state the gaps and missing evidence in your justification. Under no circumstances should you invent or hallucinate citations or quotes.\n\n###critical: WRAP YOUR THOUGHTS WITH ... tags at the very beginning of your response.\n\n=======================================================\nCONTEXT LITERATURE (STATIC CACHE):\nID: 42364828\nTitle: Visible light driven g-C3N4/TiO2 photocatalysis for selective delignification of hemp biomass under mild conditions.\nAbstract: The inherent recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass, primarily attributed to the dense lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC), restricts the efficient valorization of plant fibers. Conventional alkaline degumming strategies suffer from high energy consumption, severe pollution, and non-selective cellulose degradation. Herein, a mild, alkali-free pretreatment strategy was developed using a visible-light-driven g-C3N4/TiO2 heterojunction to achieve efficient and selective delignification of hemp fibers. Under ambient conditions (30\u00a0\u00b0C, neutral pH), the system achieved a delignification efficiency of 69.08\u00a0% while preserving the cellulose crystallinity (CrI increased to 78.64\u00a0%). Crucially, 2D-HSQC NMR and EPR analyses revealed a selective oxidative mechanism: photogenerated superoxide radicals (\u2022O2-) acted as specific nucleophiles, preferentially cleaving the labile lignin \u03b2-O-4 ether bonds (from 40.9\u00a0% to 13.5\u00a0%), while leaving the chemically robust C-C linkages and the cellulose backbone largely intact. Consequently, the pretreated fibers exhibited superior mechanical strength (4.13 cN/dtex) compared to traditional alkaline-treated samples (3.56 cN/dtex). This work provides a sustainable, low-severity paradigm for biomass fractionation, offering fundamental insights into the photocatalytic cleavage of lignin inter-unit linkages.\n\nID: 42357414\nTitle: New Concepts for the Cascading Use of Biomass in Existing Value Chains in Central Europe.\nAbstract: Bioeconomy is an important concept of economic development, supported at the highest political levels. However, its successful implementation calls for action within local markets. This study, therefore, examined the market readiness to engage in bioeconomy growth and emerging value chains in Italy, Slovenia, Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria. The objectives were to assess the market readiness for placing novel bioproducts based on by-products and waste from primary production and agri-food processing sectors, and to evaluate the economics of their production. Specific goals were to estimate the availability of by-products and waste used for making new products, evaluate the main directions and trends in the use of by-products and waste, analyse the main barriers and restrictions to by-product and waste supplies to new enterprises and innovative applications, and make an economic assessment of the market entry of innovative products and their development. The study showed that the oil industry, with a high residue potential, was most often chosen to market new products. Other sectors where value chains can be created or modified are the fruit, winery, grain and milling, wood, hemp, and vegetable industries. PESTEL analysis demonstrated that economic factors, at both national and global levels, are the most common barriers to supplying by-products and waste to new business entities. Technological factors also significantly impede the delivery of by-products and waste to such new enterprises and their processing into novel products. In contrast, social conditions are the main factors stimulating supply of by-products and waste to such new plants. The results provide a preliminary insight into the Central European market and its enormous development potential, which is already implicated in the context of growing bioeconomy.\n\nID: 42357184\nTitle: Evaluating Co-Ensiling Strategies to Valorise Duckweed as a Sustainable Feed Ingredient.\nAbstract: Duckweed (Lemnaceae) is a promising alternative feed crop, particularly in regions with nutrient surpluses and protein deficits, as it grows efficiently on nutrient-rich agricultural wastewater and provides protein-rich biomass. However, its high moisture content and rapid post-harvest spoilage pose major storage challenges. This study evaluated (co-)ensiling as a cost-effective preservation strategy for duckweed. Three separate experiments were conducted to assess the ensilability of duckweed alone and in combination with various agricultural co-substrates and additives, including corn silage, beet pulp, grass silage, hemp shives, hay, molasses, sun-dried duckweed and CaCO3. Duckweed alone could not be successfully ensiled due to excessive moisture, resulting in poor acidification and high levels of undesirable fermentation products. During the long-term co-ensiling test, a duckweed-corn silage mixture containing 29% fresh duckweed and 71% corn silage showed the most stable fermentation profile, with low pH, limited fermentation losses, and no detectable butyric acid. A duckweed-grass silage mixture containing 51% fresh duckweed and 49% grass silage allowed higher duckweed inclusion and retained the highest level of apparent pepsin-digestible protein after storage, but showed elevated acetic acid and ethanol concentrations. A duckweed-beet pulp mixture containing 74% fresh duckweed and 26% beet pulp enabled the highest duckweed inclusion rate, but showed signs of clostridial fermentation, likely due to excess moisture. Microbiological analysis of this beet pulp mixture showed reduced Enterobacteriaceae after ensiling, but also increased clostridial counts. Oxalic acid concentrations were low in all duckweed-based silages, with the largest reduction observed in the duckweed-grass mixture. Overall, the results show that duckweed co-ensiling is feasible but highly dependent on co-substrate selection and moisture control. Further formulation optimisation is required, particularly for high-duckweed mixtures, to reduce the risk of clostridial fermentation and improve practical applicability as a storable feed ingredient.\n\nID: 42346424\nTitle: Sorghum and Hemp Responses to Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganism Inoculation in Metal-Contaminated Dredged Sediment: A System-Level Assessment Under Environmentally Relevant Outdoor Pot Conditions.\nAbstract: Metal-contaminated dredged sediments represent heterogeneous environmental matrices in which remediation responses are frequently constrained by elevated background metal loads and complex geochemical conditions. Within such systems, phytoremediation has been discussed as a nature-based management approach whose outcomes depend on plant biomass, internal metal allocation, and context-dependent interactions between plants and sediment. The present study evaluated whether bacterial and fungal plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) were associated with changes in plant metal uptake and internal allocation in Sorghum bicolor L. and Cannabis sativa L. grown in dredged sediment collected from the Bega Canal. An outdoor pot experiment was conducted under environmentally relevant conditions, including bacterial and fungal inoculation treatments alongside non-inoculated controls, with plant responses to Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb characterized using concentration- and mass-based uptake metrics, root-shoot partitioning, and sediment geochemical assessment based on pseudo-total concentrations and BCR sequential extraction fractions. Across treatments, plant responses were largely governed by intrinsic species traits and biomass production, while PGPM-associated effects remained modest and variable. Root-dominated metal retention and limited translocation were evident irrespective of species, consistent with a phytostabilization-type response rather than systematic extraction. Absolute metal uptake accounted for only a minor fraction of total sediment metal pools, underscoring the importance of interpreting concentration-based indices jointly with mass-based metrics when evaluating system-scale responses. Altogether, the findings indicate that under the investigated outdoor dredged sediment pot conditions, PGPM inoculation acts primarily as a context-specific modulator of plant responses rather than a driver of enhanced phytoremediation performance, reflecting the central role of intrinsic plant traits and stabilization-oriented processes in complex sediment systems.\n\nID: 42280149\nTitle: Sustainable Extraction of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds from Cannabis Leaf Powder from Local Strain of Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina, to Promote a Circular Economy.\nAbstract: This study aimed to optimize the extraction of total phenolic compounds from Cannabis sativa L. leaf powder cultivated in Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina (INBIOFIV 00500 Tuc chemotype), using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and to evaluate the process at a screening level in terms of environmental performance. Although leaves are not the primary raw material in the medicinal cannabis industry-where inflorescences are preferentially used due to their cannabinoid content-they represent an underutilized biomass with potential for valorization as a source of bioactive phenolic compounds for cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical applications. The leaves were dried and ground to a particle size between 74 and 840 \u00b5m. The effects of process parameters, including solid-to-liquid ratio, solvent composition, and extraction time, were evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions predicted by the model were 46% ethanol, a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:10 (w/v), 70% amplitude, and 30 \u00b0C. Although the model indicated a short optimal sonication time (1 min), experimental results showed that a plateau in extraction yield was reached at 6 min, with no significant increase thereafter. Under these conditions, the extract exhibited high total phenolic content (1746.83 \u00b5g GAE/mL) and total flavonoids (858.41 \u00b5g QE/mL), along with strong antioxidant activity. The extract showed no significant toxicity in the Artemia salina assay. The environmental performance of the process was assessed at a laboratory scale. The total energy consumption was 0.329 \u00b1 0.08 kWh per extraction batch, corresponding to a carbon footprint of 0.12 kg CO2 per batch, based on Argentina's electricity emission factor (0.387 kg CO2/kWh). When normalized to extraction yield, the process exhibited a relative carbon footprint of 0.0052 kg CO2/mg GAE, indicating favorable energy efficiency per unit of antioxidant recovered. These results demonstrate that UAE is a rapid and energy-efficient technique for the recovery of phenolic compounds from cannabis leaves, supporting their valorization within a circular economy framework. However, further studies at a pilot scale and full life cycle assessment are required to confirm the environmental performance of the process at industrial level.\n\nID: 42278332\nTitle: The Role of the Rhizosphere, Endophytes, and the Influence of Plant-Growth-Promoting Bacteria: Take the Cannabis Microbiome as an Example.\nAbstract: Cannabis sativa L. is a multipurpose crop of increasing agricultural and medical relevance, whose productivity and phytocannabinoid profile are influenced not only by genotype and environmental factors but also by the composition of its microbiota. This review synthesizes current knowledge (2020-2026) on the rhizosphere and endophytic microbiota of hemp, with particular emphasis on plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and their mechanisms of action. Molecular studies indicate that hemp-associated bacterial communities are dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Firmicutes and Bacteroidota, with genotype-, tissue- and developmental-stage-dependent variation. PGPB influence plant performance through direct mechanisms, including biological nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, siderophore production and phytohormone synthesis (indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins, cytokinins, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase), as well as indirect mechanisms such as antibiosis, enzyme-mediated pathogen inhibition and induction of systemic tolerance to abiotic stress. Experimental studies demonstrate that inoculation with selected strains or consortia can enhance biomass accumulation, improve germination and root architecture, increase resistance to Fusarium oxysporum and modulate cannabinoid and terpene profiles. Importantly, plant responses are cultivar-specific, highlighting the need for genotype-tailored microbial formulations.\n\nID: 42262708\nTitle: COVID-19 Racial Discrimination and Substance Use among Asian Americans by Gender.\nAbstract: The COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by a surge in anti-Asian racial discrimination in the United States. To date, there has not been a study that examined the role of gender among Asian Americans (AAs) during the pandemic and its associations with racial discrimination and substance use. This study examined the relationship between COVID-19-related discrimination and substance use behaviors among AAs and investigated the moderating role of gender. We used survey data from N\u2009=\u20091,052 AA Chinese, Filipino/a/x, and South Asian adults (Mage\u2009=\u200936.58, women\u2009=\u200969%) collected in May 2022. COVID-19-related discrimination was measured across three dimensions: direct overt-, direct subtle-, and vicarious discrimination. Substance use outcomes included past-year frequency of alcohol, tobacco/nicotine, cannabis, and other illicit substance use. Ordinal logistic regression models examined main effects and gender interactions. Overall, COVID-19 racial discrimination was significantly associated with increased odds of all substance use: alcohol (OR\u2009=\u20091.72), tobacco/nicotine (OR\u2009=\u20091.77), cannabis (OR\u2009=\u20091.85), and other illicit substances (OR\u2009=\u20092.88). Direct overt discrimination demonstrated the strongest associations across all substances. Gender significantly moderated the discrimination-substance use relationship for alcohol and cannabis, with men showing stronger associations (alcohol interaction OR\u2009=\u20091.46; cannabis interaction OR\u2009=\u20091.68). Marginal effects revealed that men experienced consistently larger probability increases in substance use across all discrimination types compared to women. COVID-19-related racial discrimination is robustly associated with substance use among AAs, with AA men demonstrating particular vulnerability to alcohol and cannabis use following discriminatory experiences. Results underscore the need for gender-specific, culturally tailored interventions addressing discrimination-related substance use in AA populations.\n\nID: 42245109\nTitle: Harnessing Cannabis sativa as a dual-use platform for biohydrogen production and pharmaceutical synthesis: a hypothesis and theory.\nAbstract: Cannabis sativa, long established as a cornerstone of the pharmaceutical and industrial fiber markets, represents a radical and underexplored platform for renewable energy innovation. In this Hypothesis and Theory framework, we introduce a novel, patented (Provisional Patent No. 63916615) dual-use bio-refinery paradigm. This model harnesses engineered cannabis photosynthesis to drive green hydrogen production without compromising its established value as a high-yield medicinal crop. By strategically redirecting photosynthetic electron flow toward oxygen-protected hydrogenase activity, it is possible to generate molecular hydrogen at commercially relevant scales while maintaining plant viability. Unique to this model is the ability to leverage over $10 billion in existing controlled-environment agriculture (CEA) infrastructure, bypassing the capital-intensive barriers that have hindered traditional algal biohydrogen systems. We outline a tripartite circular economy strategy that integrates hydrogen capture during the vegetative phase with the subsequent harvest of therapeutic cannabinoids and industrial biomass. This convergence of synthetic biology, clean energy, and biomedicine positions cannabis as a uniquely versatile multipurpose crop capable of fueling both the pharmaceutical industry and the global transition to a sustainable hydrogen economy.\n\nID: 42243928\nTitle: Nutritional, antinutritional, and heavy metal profiles of ethnopoultry botanicals in Central Uganda.\nAbstract: In Central Uganda, smallholder farmers rely on indigenous ethnoveterinary botanicals as phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) for indigenous chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). However, the balance between their nutritional benefits and toxicological risks remains poorly characterized. Following an ethnoveterinary survey in Najjembe sub-county where Capsicum frutescens (ranked 2nd ), Cannabis sativa (3rd ), and Nicotiana tabacum (4th) were prioritized by farmers, this study investigated their nutritional and safety profiles. Aloe vera (1st ) was excluded from analysis due to extensive prior documentation. Samples were analyzed for proximate, mineral, and antioxidant profiles using AOAC Official Methods. Antinutrients (tannins, oxalates, phytates) and heavy metals (Pb, Cd) were quantified using vanillin-HCl spectrophotometry and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, respectively. Results showed significant nutritional variation among species (p\u2009<\u20090.05). C. sativa contained the highest crude protein (22.20\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1%) and was exceptionally rich in calcium and potassium. C. frutescens exhibited the highest caloric density (452.9\u00a0kcal/100\u00a0g) and antioxidant activity (IC50\u2009=\u200911.78\u00a0mg/mL). Conversely, N. tabacum had the highest iron and magnesium but also the highest antinutrient concentrations. Critically, lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels in N. tabacum and C. sativa significantly exceeded FAO/WHO safety limits (Pb\u2009>\u20090.3\u00a0mg/kg), resulting in hazard indices (HI\u2009>\u20091.0), signaling potential health risks for chickens and consumers. While these plants offer high nutraceutical value, the heavy metal bioaccumulation in N. tabacum and C. sativa necessitates strict inclusion limits and processing to ensure food safety. C. frutescens is recommended as the most viable PFA for feed integration.\n\nID: 42213593\nTitle: The Determination of potentially toxic elements (Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, and Lead) in Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) from using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP OES).\nAbstract: Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) readily accumulates potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from soil. PTE exposure is linked to cancer, nephrotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Non-intoxicating hemp products in New Jersey are not subject to mandatory PTE testing, posing a consumer safety risk. This study presents a single-laboratory validation of an ICP OES method for the determination of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg in hemp, evaluated against AOAC SMPR 2020.001 performance criteria. Ground hemp (0.125\u2009g) was digested using HNO3/HCl/H2O2 (190\u2009\u00b0C, 20\u2009min) and diluted to 50\u2009mL. Samples were analyzed on an Agilent 5800 ICP OES with a seven-point calibration (1-100\u2009\u03bcg/L), Au/Sc internal standards, and KHP carbon for matrix matching. Spike recoveries for Cd (92.7%) and Pb (96.2%) met AOAC SMPR 2020.001 criteria (80-115%). Mercury recovery (47%) fell below acceptance limits due to matrix suppression and volatility losses. The As LOD (0.807\u2009\u03bcg/g) exceeded sample concentrations in most specimens. LOQ values for all four elements exceeded the SMPR 2020.001 threshold of 10\u2009\u00b5g/kg (0.01\u2009\u00b5g/g). Calibration linearity was confirmed for all analytes (r\u2009\u2265\u20090.995). Partial validation was achieved: Cd and Pb demonstrated acceptable accuracy and repeatability, but LOQ criteria were not met for any analyte. ICP OES is not suitable for Hg or As at regulatory trace levels; ICP MS is recommended for these elements. This method offers a cost-effective screening tool for Cd and Pb in hemp. This study presents the first single-laboratory ICP OES validation for PTEs in hemp under AOAC SMPR 2020.001. Cd and Pb met accuracy and repeatability criteria; As and Hg did not meet sensitivity requirements. ICP MS is recommended for regulatory As and Hg testing in hemp.\n\nID: 42123740\nTitle: Multielement Analysis of Selected Superfood Seeds and Grains Using ICP-OES: Sources of Essential and Toxic Elements.\nAbstract: The term 'superfoods' refers to a rapidly expanding group of food products that have gained increasing global interest due to their high nutritional value and association with health-oriented dietary patterns. Many superfoods, particularly grains and seeds, are rich sources of essential minerals, plant protein, dietary fibre, and bioactive compounds, making them valuable components of gluten-free, vegetarian, and vegan diets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the elemental composition of selected superfood grains and seeds and to verify the reliability of manufacturers' declarations. The analyses confirmed that the investigated samples possess a rich macro- and trace elemental composition, with pronounced differences among product groups. Based on median concentrations, pumpkin and hemp seeds were characterized by generally high levels of Mg, K, P, Fe, Mn, and Zn, whereas chia seeds exhibited notably elevated Ca content. In contrast, quinoa and amaranth showed comparatively lower elemental concentrations. Most of the results obtained for the analysed products are within the permissible deviation from the value declared on the packaging, as specified in the relevant EU regulations. The presence of potentially toxic elements, including Al, Pb, and Cd, was also detected. Cadmium accumulation was of particular concern in flax seeds, where all samples exceeded the limit of quantification and approached permissible levels. Principal component analysis revealed clear clustering patterns, indicating similarities between amaranth and quinoa, as well as between hemp and pumpkin seeds, while chia and flax seeds formed distinct groups. These results highlight both the nutritional potential of superfoods and the necessity for independent verification of their elemental composition.\n\nID: 42123526\nTitle: Species-Specific Effects of Humic Substances and Mycorrhiza on Antioxidant Defense and Metal Stress Tolerance in Cannabis sativa, Sorghum sudanense \u00d7 bicolor, and Miscanthus \u00d7 giganteus Under Field Conditions.\nAbstract: Abiotic stresses, including heavy metal contamination, can severely impair plant growth and antioxidative defense. However, their adverse effects may be mitigated through sustainable strategies such as biostimulant application. This study investigated the effects of humic substances (HSs), alone or combined with mycorrhizal inoculation (M), on oxidative stress and antioxidative responses in Cannabis sativa, Sorghum sudanense \u00d7 bicolor, and Miscanthus \u00d7 giganteus grown under field conditions on metal-contaminated agricultural soil exceeding regulatory thresholds for Zn, Pb, and Cd. Plant growth, lipid peroxidation, stress-related metabolites (proline, sugars), antioxidative enzyme activities (catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; guaiacol peroxidase, GOPX; glutathione reductase, GR, and superoxide dismutase, SOD), and leaf metal concentrations were analyzed. Biostimulants increased proline and sugars in Sorghum (by up to 55% and 80%, respectively), accompanied by reduced oxidative stress indicators and improved biomass (by 26%). In Cannabis, higher Cd and Pb concentrations following biostimulant treatments were associated with increased SOD, APX, and GR activities (by 33-267%), without affecting growth. In Miscanthus, increased lipid peroxidation (by 37-60%) occurred alongside enhanced GR and APX activities. These results indicate strong species-specific responses and absence of consistent synergistic effects of HSs and M, highlighting distinct physiological strategies of stress adaptation and antioxidative defense on metal-contaminated soils. Future research should address physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying these responses.\n\nID: 42122784\nTitle: Harnessing Sex Reversion via Chemical Intervention in Cannabis sativa L.\nAbstract: Cannabis sativa is a multipurpose dioecious species whose crop performance is governed by sex expression. Although sex is genetically determined by an X/Y chromosome system, plants can develop flowers of the opposite sex through sex reversion, commonly induced by manipulating endogenous hormone levels using plant growth regulators (PGRs). Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of PGRs that promote or inhibit major hormone pathways implicated in plant sex expression. Male and female clones from two accessions were treated with foliar applications of nine PGRs and four combinatory treatments to assess sex- and genotype-specific responses. Floral biomass and the proportion of each sex were recorded at harvest to assess treatment effectiveness. Ethylene emerged as the primary regulator of chemically modulated sex reversion in C. sativa, with its inhibition by silver thiosulfate inducing strong female-to-male reversion and its promotion by ethephon inducing equally strong male-to-female reversion in the inflorescences. Gibberellin promotion on its own resulted in female-to-male reversion at the axial nodes only, while its inhibition showed no reciprocal effects. The combination of silver thiosulfate and gibberellic acid resulted in the most complete female-to-male reversion, and all sex-reverted flowers were fertile. Together, the results indicated that flowers at axial nodes and at the terminal ends of inflorescences are under different hormonal control. Cytokinins, auxins, and jasmonates were found to exert minimal influence on sex reversion. All treatments exhibited pleiotropic effects, particularly gibberellic acid and paclobutrazol, which altered resource allocation, shifting biomass away from and towards floral tissue, respectively. These findings advance our understanding of the hormonal regulation of sex expression in C. sativa and identify optimized approaches for its manipulation.\n\nID: 42119894\nTitle: Phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and phosphorus-enriched biochar enhance growth, cannabinoid content, and essential oil yield in salt-stressed hemp (Cannabis sativa L.).\nAbstract: Soil salinity induces phosphorus (P) deficiency, limiting crop productivity, yet the combined use of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and phosphorus-enriched biochar (P-biochar) under salinity remains unexplored. This study presents a novel integrated PSB+P-biochar approach to improve growth and secondary metabolite production in Cannabis sativa L. under salinity stress. A completely randomized design with three independent replicates (each replicate containing two pots) was employed. A factorial experiment was conducted with two factors: salinity at two levels (0 and 100\u202fmM NaCl) and soil amendment at six levels (control, B. subtilis, P. putida, P-biochar, B. subtilis + P-biochar, and P. putida + P-biochar). Seeds were inoculated with PSB and P-biochar was mixed into soil at 2% (w/w). Salinity decreased plant biomass, chlorophyll (Chl), relative water content (RWC), essential oil (EO) yield, and cannabinoids, while increasing proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to the control (no salinity). In plants exposed to salinity stress, P-biochar in combination with B. subtilis and P. putida respectively increased shoot weight (25% and 24%), root weight (28% and 38%), Chl (33% and 29%), RWC (16% and 15%), proline (17% and 19%), EO yield (49% and 37%), cannabidiol (13% and 12%), and tetrahydrocannabinol (16% and 14%), but lowered MDA (23% and 21%) compared to salinity-only treatment. The results are limited to greenhouse conditions and require field validation. Nonetheless, this combined strategy is recommended to enhance plant resilience and optimize pharmacologically active compound production in saline environments.\n\nID: 42101056\nTitle: Genetic architecture of phenological, morphological, and phytochemical traits in Cannabis landraces.\nAbstract: Despite its long history of cultivation and diverse applications, Cannabis sativa remains underexplored at the genomic level, particularly in landrace populations that harbor untapped genetic diversity. In this study, we investigated the genetic architecture of 145 Iranian cannabis landrace accessions, including both male and female plants, using 233K common SNPs and genome-wide association studies. Our analysis revealed three genetically distinct subpopulations shaped by geography, climate, and traditional cultivation practices. We identified 91 significant genomic regions associated with 40 phenological, morphological, and phytochemical traits, including 15 key loci with pleiotropic effects linked to multiple traits, including flowering time, plant architecture, biomass accumulation, and cannabinoid biosynthesis. These findings highlight the complex interplay between developmental and metabolic pathways in cannabis. The high heritability of most traits and rapid linkage disequilibrium decay underscore the potential of these landraces for high-resolution mapping and genetic improvement. This work provides a valuable genomic resource for marker-assisted selection, supporting the development of improved cultivars with tailored cannabinoid profiles and agronomic traits. Cannabis has long been used for medicinal and industrial purposes, but little is known about the genetics of traditional landraces that possess valuable traits. Our study aimed to identify the genes associated with key characteristics in these plants using a genome\u2010wide association study. We connected specific genes to traits such as flowering time, plant shape, and production of compounds like cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). In total, we identified 91 genomic regions related to 40 traits, including genes that influence multiple features at once. This genetic map provides breeders with tools to develop improved cannabis varieties with higher yields, stress resistance, and tailored chemical profiles.\n\nID: 42096413\nTitle: Correction: Diversity of root system architecture and root-shoot biomass allocation in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.).\nAbstract: [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0339929.].\n\nID: 42093032\nTitle: Feasibility of medicinal cannabis cultivation in outdoor conditions using municipal reclaimed water.\nAbstract: Increasing pressure on freshwater resources represents a major challenge for sustainable agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions. In this context, the use of treated wastewater in agriculture may enhance environmental sustainability and economic efficiency. This study evaluated the yield and safety of outdoor cannabis cultivation irrigated with reclaimed domestic wastewater in an arid Patagonian environment (Argentina). Key metrics included soil and water quality, flower and cannabinoid yield, and chemical and microbiological safety. Soil and water quality were adequate in terms of physicochemical parameters. Escherichia coli in irrigation water at the time of tank filling was 1,700\u2009\u00b1\u2009733 MPN/100\u00a0mL. Irrigation was initiated at these concentrations, and E. coli levels declined during subsequent storage in tanks, reaching values below 1,000 MPN/100\u00a0mL after approximately 10\u00a0days, consistent with the World Health Organization guideline for unrestricted agricultural reuse. E. coli and total coliforms were absent in leaves, flowers, and derived products (herbal oils). Potentially hazardous heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) did not show systematic accumulation in the system. Concentrations in flowers and oils were generally below regulatory standards for edibles; however, Pb levels in dried flowers exceeded established regulatory limits. Dried flower yields were approximately 267.77\u2009\u00b1\u200934.99\u00a0g/plant. Cannabinoid concentrations ranged from 7-14%, comparable to values previously reported for these varieties when cultivated indoors. Overall, the results support the potential of reclaimed wastewater as an irrigation alternative in arid regions, although continued monitoring of contaminants is essential to ensure product safety and regulatory compliance.\n\nID: 42087198\nTitle: High-THC Cannabis sativa in a New York greenhouse: yield and economic factors.\nAbstract: The legalization of adult-use Cannabis sativa in New York State has created a need for research-based information on expected yield, production costs, revenue, and profitability for greenhouse cultivation. Limited data currently exist to inform growers and investors. This study evaluates both agronomic and economic outcomes for two flowering strategies-autoflower (light-insensitive) and photoperiod (light-sensitive) C. sativa-grown in a NYS greenhouse. A comparative agronomic and economic analysis was conducted to assess yield performance, input requirements, costs, revenue, and returns for autoflower and photoperiod C. sativa crops. Growth traits were measured and correlated with final yield. Cost components, including labor, seeds and plants, nutrients, and other variable inputs, were analyzed to determine their contribution to total production expenses. Economic returns were calculated on a per-square foot basis. Both autoflower and photoperiod plants showed strong correlations between early growth traits and final yield. Autoflowers, with shorter life cycles and independence from light manipulation, produced smaller plants with lower total biomass and THC content compared to photoperiod plants. Using assumed baseline values, autoflower cultivation resulted in a negative annual return above total costs of negative $1.48 per ft2, whereas photoperiod cultivation generated a positive return of $7.18 per ft2. Labor represented the largest share of variable costs for both systems, accounting for 52% of total costs in autoflower production and 34% in photoperiod production. Autoflowers may be advantageous in space, capital, or labor-constrained environments requiring rapid crop turnover, while photoperiod plants appear more profitable for larger or well-resourced operations focused on maximizing yield and returns. Additional research is needed to identify practices and economic strategies that improve profitability, consistency, and efficiency for both cultivation approaches. This study underscores the need for continued economic analyses to guide decision-making in the emerging adult-use C. sativa industry.\n\nID: 42086850\nTitle: Functional valorisation of forest derived lignocellulosic waste with high sorption rate and pH stability.\nAbstract: Lignocellulosic residues derived from forest and agricultural systems represent an abundant and underutilised biomass stream with potential applications in water treatment. In this study, a comparative screening of selected lignocellulosic materials (oak sawdust, glans peduncles, barley straw, camelina straw, and flax/hemp dust) was performed for the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions, with activated carbon used as a reference. All investigated materials exhibited rapid adsorption, with equilibrium uptake of 90-95% achieved within 3 min and equilibrium approached within ~ 30 min under the studied conditions. Adsorption kinetics were well described by the pseudo-second-order model (R\u00b2 = 0.996-0.999), although this is interpreted as a descriptive fit rather than direct evidence of chemisorption. Oak sawdust and glans peduncles showed the most stable performance across the tested pH range (3-11). The study has a screening character and was conducted at elevated BPA concentrations (20-500\u00a0mg/L) to enable kinetic analysis. Therefore, the results provide a comparative and mechanistic basis for further investigation rather than direct evidence of environmental or industrial applicability. The pHpzc analysis suggests that sorption is not controlled solely by electrostatic interactions; instead, specific interactions related to lignin-rich domains-such as \u03c0-\u03c0 interactions, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic effects-play a substantial role. The results highlight the importance of structural and chemical characteristics of woody biomass in determining functional performance under aqueous exposure and emphasise the potential of oak-derived residues as stable, sustainable materials contributing to the valorisation of forest resources.\n\nID: 41996960\nTitle: Co-pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge with oak bark and hemp hurd to tailor biochar stability, carbon sequestration and heavy metal immobilization.\nAbstract: Municipal sewage sludge (MSS) pyrolysis is constrained by low carbon stability and high heavy metal (HM) content. This study examined whether co-pyrolysis with two underexplored lignocellulosic residues, oak bark (OB) and hemp hurd (HH), could enhance biochar properties relevant to carbon sequestration and environmental safety. MSS was blended with OB or HH at different ratios and pyrolyzed at 400 and 700 \u00b0C. The biochars were characterized for physicochemical and textural properties, carbon stability and sequestration, HM fractionation, stability, and ecological risk (MRI). Pyrolysis temperature determined biochar development, while co-substrate type influenced the balance between carbon stabilization and HM immobilization. HH, with higher cellulose and hemicellulose content and lower ash content, promoted devolatilization-driven restructuring of the carbon matrix, enhancing pore development and carbon stability. The highest specific surface area (182 m2/g) was achieved for MSS:HH (50:50) at 700 \u00b0C. In contrast, OB, with higher lignin content and greater ash and Ca-rich mineral contribution, favored solid-phase condensation, higher biochar yield, and stronger mineral-mediated stabilization of Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb. Among the tested blends, MSS:HH (25:75) at 700 \u00b0C showed the best carbon sequestration, with the lowest H/Corg (0.20) and O/Corg (0.05), the highest thermostable fraction (88%), the highest long-term carbon storage (0.62 t C/t biochar), and the greatest CO2-equivalent storage (2.3 t CO2/t biochar). All biochars remained within the low-risk MRI category. At 700 \u00b0C, Zn decreased by 87% in MSS:HH (25:75) compared to MSS biochar. Strategic feedstock selection enables production of stabilized MSS-derived biochars for carbon sequestration and environmental safety.\n\nID: 41977663\nTitle: Effects of Green Light Deprivation and Red-to-Blue Ratio on Growth, Mineral Content, and Pigments in Salvia officinalis L. and Cannabis sativa L.\nAbstract: Light spectral composition plays a central role in regulating plant growth, morphology, nutrient uptake, and pigment biosynthesis, particularly in controlled-environment agriculture. This study investigated the effects of targeted LED spectral modulation, focusing on green light deprivation and different red-to-blue (R:B) ratios at constant photon flux density, on morphological traits, mineral composition, and photosynthetic pigments in Salvia officinalis L. and Cannabis sativa L. grown under controlled conditions. Plants were cultivated under three LED treatments providing equal light intensity but differing in spectral composition. Morphological parameters, mineral nutrients, inorganic anions, and photosynthetic pigments were assessed at harvest. Total biomass production was not significantly affected by the light treatments in either species; however, clear species-specific responses were observed. In S. officinalis, higher R:B ratios promoted stem elongation without affecting leaf number or fresh weight, whereas in C. sativa, the higher R:B ratio significantly increased leaf number. Green light deprivation and red-blue enrichment generally enhanced mineral accumulation and nitrogen content, although the magnitude and direction of these effects varied between species. Photosynthetic pigment responses were more pronounced in hemp, with increased chlorophylls and carotenoids under green light deprivation, while salvia showed a selective increase in carotenoids under higher R:B ratios. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of species-specific LED spectral optimization to improve physiological performance and nutritional quality in indoor cultivation of medicinal plants.\n\nID: 41957055\nTitle: Comparative exposure and risk assessment of heavy metals, nutrients, and organochlorine pesticides in cow and plant-based milks.\nAbstract: Cow milk and plant-based milk alternatives (PBMAs) are widely consumed beverages, yet both can act as pathways for exposure to environmental contaminants originating from soil, water, and legacy agricultural practices. In this study, we quantified heavy metals (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As)), macro- and micronutrients, and 24 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in cow milk and seven PBMAs (almond, soy, oat, coconut, hemp, rice, and cashew). Twenty-two commercial products were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). PBMAs exhibited higher and more variable concentrations of Cr, As, and Cd than cow milk, with rice and hemp milks showing the highest arsenic and chromium levels, respectively. Lead concentrations were comparable across milk types. Fortified PBMAs showed elevated calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), and magnesium (Mg) relative to cow milk, reflecting formulation-driven rather than intrinsic nutritional differences. All milk categories contained detectable residues of multiple OCPs, including dicofol, mirex, and hexachlorobenzene, highlighting the persistence of legacy pesticides in modern food products. Although concentrations generally remained below regulatory limits, the widespread occurrence of both metals and OCPs underscores the need for continued monitoring and improved transparency for both dairy and plant-based milks.\n\nID: 41943448\nTitle: Defining Cannabis Use Disorder in Administrative Health Data: A Systematic Review of Case Definitions and Validation Approaches.\nAbstract: Reliable case definitions (CDs) for cannabis use disorder (CUD) are essential for epidemiologic surveillance, health services research, and policy evaluation. As reliance on health administrative data increases, variation in diagnostic coding practices and limited validation of CDs may undermine the comparability and accuracy of CUD estimates. This systematic review aimed to identify, describe, and critically appraise how CUD has been operationalized within administrative health data sources, with particular attention to coding strategies and validation practices. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and related databases for studies using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes to define CUD in administrative health data. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data on CD components and validation methods, and assessed methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A total of 56 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most relied on ICD-9 or ICD-10 diagnostic codes to identify CUD, typically using a one-or-more-code rule, although operational details varied by jurisdiction, coding framework, and observation window. No included study explicitly reported internal or external validation of its CD. Reported prevalence estimates ranged widely, from 0.06% in large administrative cohorts to 76.9% in highly selected clinical populations, reflecting differences in CD construction and study populations. CDs for CUD in administrative data vary substantially and lack empirical validation, limiting their reliability for surveillance and comparative research. The development and validation of standardized, transparent CDs are needed to strengthen cannabis epidemiology and to support reproducible research, health-system planning, and policy decision-making.\n\nID: 41942676\nTitle: Impact of CBD and hemp oil use on drug test results: a systematic review.\nAbstract: BACKGROUND: Hemp-derived products, especially CBD (cannabidiol) oil and hemp oil, have shown a notable increase of use in recent years. CBD oil is a compound derived from the cannabis plant, whilst hemp oil is a product derived from hemp seeds. Trans-\u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in cannabis is responsible for the psychoactive effect, whereas CBD, having the same molecular weight, is a non-psychoactive compound with analgesic, antiepileptic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. The rapid uptake of these products has raised concerns about unintended cannabinoid findings (THC, 11-OH-THC and THC-COOH etc.) on drug tests, especially in workplaces, road safety applications, and anti-doping programs. Although many CBD and hemp oils are marketed as \u201cTHC-free,\u201d trace amounts of THC may be present in some products due to manufacturing variability, mislabeling, or contamination. These trace amounts may yield detectable levels in biological matrices or may cause cannabinoids findings. Regulatory frameworks for THC in cannabis products exist in several jurisdictions, but oversight of CBD-containing oils remains heterogeneous, creating gaps in quality control and labeling. METHODS: This systematic review aimed to evaluate whether the use of CBD and hemp oil may lead to cannabinoid-positive results in drug testing, potentially causing suspicion of cannabis use. The research design was prepared according to the PRISMA guidelines. The review included studies published in English between March 2014 and March 2024 that met the search criteria based on the keywords \u201cpsychoactive effects\u201d, \u201cforensic toxicology\u201d, \u201cTHC positive\u201d, \u201cdelta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol\u201d, \u201cdelta-9-THC\u201d, \u201ctest\u201d, and \u201canalysis\u201d paired with the terms \u201cCBD Oil\u201d and \u201cHemp Oil\u201d separately in the PubMed, WOS, and SCOPUS databases. RESULTS: The literature search yielded 477 results, 12 of which met the inclusion criteria. Eight of the 12 studies included evaluate of the possibility of positive cannabinoid findings or negative results in biological materials as a result of CBD and hemp oil use in humans. Five of these studies reported that the use of these oils would not create a positive result above the \u201climit of detection (LOQ) or cut-off levels\u201d in the drug tests for THC. Although concentrations above the limit were not encountered, it is noteworthy, that trace levels or those close to the detection limits of cannabinoid levels were obtained. There are four studies designed to evaluate the conversion of CBD to THC in human metabolism after the use of oil products and two out of four studies emphasize that there will be no biotransformation or extraction-induced transformation after the use of CBD and hemp oils. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review addresses current evidence on the occurrence and underlying causes of cannabinoid-positive drug test results following the consumption of CBD and hemp oils, highlighting critical gaps in analytical testing strategies and regulatory oversight. Positivity mainly arises from the product content (e.g., undeclared or excessive THC, mislabeling, and contamination), the matrix, the administration route, and the sensitivity and specificity of the analytical methods. The potential for CBD to convert to THC during manufacturing or in the human body may pose legal risks for individuals using CBD or hemp oil in countries with zero-tolerance policies.\n\nID: 41932486\nTitle: Biomass chitosan-derivative-based hypercrosslinked polymers as high-efficiency iodine adsorbents.\nAbstract: With the intensification of the global energy crisis, nuclear energy, as a clean and low-carbon energy source, has been widely applied. However, spent fuel from nuclear power plants releases nuclear radioactive waste containing iodine, which exhibits rapid diffusion and high volatility, thereby posing severe risks to human health and the ecosystem. In this study, chitosan-based hypercrosslinked polymers (MCHCPs) were synthesized by modifying chitosan as a raw material via a Schiff base reaction, followed by Friedel-Crafts reactions using different cross-linking agents; these materials exhibited excellent thermal stability, a high specific surface area, and a rich porous structure. Among them, the adsorption capacity of MCHCP-1 for static iodine vapor and dynamic iodine vapor reached 8.49 and 2.38\u00a0g/g, respectively. Furthermore, MCHCP-1 achieved adsorption equilibrium for iodine in aqueous solution within 2.5\u00a0min, with a removal rate of 98.7% and a maximum adsorption capacity of 1941\u00a0mg/g. Moreover, the iodine adsorption process of MCHCPs conformed to pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir model. The results indicate that the adsorption process of iodine by MCHCPs was primarily governed by monolayer chemisorption through interactions between the polymer and iodine molecules. After five adsorption-desorption cycles, the adsorbents retained over 85% of their original iodine vapor uptake capacity, reflecting excellent recyclability and significant practical application value.\n\nID: 41912786\nTitle: Biomass formation and yield performance in diverse multicrops and their potential for biofuel use in short-growing boreal climate conditions.\nAbstract: Herbaceous plant biomass is an important resource for energy production and an effective strategy to ensure energy supply independence. Growing agricultural plant mixtures (multicrops) contributes to increasing biomass yields, enhancing farm biodiversity, improving soil health, and promoting environmental sustainability. However, most crop mixtures have not been studied at all. For this reason, stationary field experiment was conducted from 2020 to 2022 at Vytautas Magnus University, Agriculture Academy, Kaunas reg., Lithuania. The aim of the study was to evaluate the development and productivity of maize, industrial hemp and faba bean single crops and its binary and ternary mixtures, as well as the related energy and environmental aspects of the applied agrotechnologies, under short growing season conditions. Faba bean ecosystem services improved maize and industrial hemp growth in mixtures, increasing plant height by 14%, leaf assimilation area by 24%, and chlorophyll index by 19%, indicating enhanced nitrogen availability and photosynthetic activity in companion crops. Although biomass of individual species decreased in more diverse mixtures, total plot biomass increased, with the ternary maize-hemp-faba bean crop producing 4-8 times more dried biomass than single crops in the first year. The ternary system achieved the highest Comprehensive evaluation index (CEI\u2009=\u20094.54) and the greatest net energy yield (367,668\u00a0MJ ha\u207b1) despite higher fuel consumption (103.3\u00a0L ha\u207b1). Pellets produced from ternary biomass met quality standards (density 1238\u00a0kg m\u207b3, ash 6%, ash shrinkage temperature 1042\u00a0\u00b0C), while Life cycle assessment showed lower environmental impacts for mixed-crop biomass compared with single maize crop (29.1\u00a0kg CO\u2082 eq GJ\u207b1). Overall, diversified cropping systems demonstrate strong potential for sustainable biomass production and environmentally efficient bioenergy generation.\n\nID: 41864105\nTitle: Matrix-dependent degradation kinetics and impurity fingerprinting of cannabidiol (CBD) in polymeric and lipid preservation systems.\nAbstract: Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive terpenophenolic compound derived from Cannabis sativa, exhibits broad-spectrum pharmacological activities but is highly susceptible to oxidative, photolytic, and thermal degradation, making it challenging to preserve and use in therapeutics. Therefore, this study compares the preservation efficiency of a powder-based hydroxypropyl-\u03b2-cyclodextrin (HP-\u03b2-CD) inclusion-complex system for cannabinoid stability and solubility and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil, a common lipid-based carrier in commercial formulations. Formulation characterizations, including CBD content (HPLC), color change, solvent residues, moisture, particle size, and zeta potential, were measured. DPPH experiments revealed that the HP-\u03b2-CD complex exhibited higher antioxidant activity (89.2%, EC\u2085\u2080 = 45.3\u202f\u00b5g/mL) than the MCT oil system (83.6%, EC\u2085\u2080 = 58.7\u202f\u00b5g/mL), with ascorbic acid serving as the control (EC\u2085\u2080 = 12.4\u202f\u00b5g/mL). Additionally, photostability testing (8000 lux) demonstrated superior CBD retention in the HP-\u03b2-CD complex (>90%) compared with MCT oil (\u223c20%), indicating substantial light-induced degradation in the oil system. HP-\u03b2-CD complex retained 92-93% CBD (k\u202f=\u202f0.0084 week\u207b\u00b9; t\u2081/\u2082 = 82.5 weeks) versus 88% in MCT oil. At 40 \u00b0C, HP-\u03b2-CD complex preserved 86-87% CBD. GC-FID/GC-MS showed that HP-\u03b2-CD powder preserved CBD with only trace degradation (<0.1-1.0%). In contrast, MCT oil produced higher cannabinoid by-products (0.1-6.21%), and greater antioxidant degradation (2.5-8.6% vs 0.5-2.1%). The results suggested that CBD degradation follows matrix-dependent kinetics, with cyclodextrin encapsulation significantly reducing the apparent degradation rate constants relative to oil-based solubilization under identical stress conditions.\n\nID: 41860439\nTitle: Comparative Evaluation of Soda and Nitrate-Alkaline Pulping of Hemp, Flax, and Sisal Post-harvest Biomass.\nAbstract: As wood is still scarce in some countries, it is necessary to replace wood in the paper industry with other lignocellulosic raw materials, particularly agricultural residues. This study evaluated hemp, flax, and sisal postharvest biomass as alternative nonwoody fibrous feedstocks for pulp and paper production. Pulping was performed using soda and nitrate-alkaline methods under comparable degrees of delignification. Their suitability for papermaking was assessed in terms of mechanical properties, fiber sedimentation (rheosedimentation), and chemical parameters, including the degree of polymerization and the chemical composition of the raw material. The highest tensile strength was achieved for sisal, reaching 11.6\u2009N\u2009m\u2009g-1 when produced by the soda method, which was higher than that of industrially produced flax or hemp soda pulps. Regarding pulp sedimentation behavior, hemp pulp showed significantly higher sedimentation rates, while comparable values were observed for recovered paper.\n\nID: 41847940\nTitle: Hemp flowers cultivated on a soil contaminated with cadmium, lead and zinc exhibit valorization potential.\nAbstract: Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an effective crop for the phytomanagement of lands contaminated with trace metals, demonstrating tolerance to metal toxicity without significant impacts on its value-chain. However, the effects of metal contamination on hemp flowers remain understudied, limiting the assessment of the valorization potential for this valuable plant part. In a greenhouse experiment, we evaluated flower production, cannabinoid content and metal accumulation in hemp grown on a soil contaminated with Cd, Pb and Zn (pseudo-total concentrations: 13.0, 664 and 1048\u2009mg kg-1, respectively). Our results suggest a limited capacity for phytoextraction, with low removal rates for all three metals. Still, hemp flowers presented favorable features that support valorization potential. Both flower biomass and the synthesis of cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol were comparable to plants grown under reference conditions. Notably, inflorescences exhibited the lowest accumulation of Cd and Pb among all plant tissues. Concentrations for these elements were 0.45 and 1.1\u2009mg kg-1 respectively, remaining below most commercial limits for herbal drug products. These findings demonstrate that hemp flowers can be safely produced on metal-contaminated soils, reinforcing the suitability of hemp as a robust and versatile crop for the phytomanagement of legacy metal pollution. This study assesses the valorization potential of hemp flowers grown on a soil presenting elevated levels of cadmium, lead and zinc. Our findings reveal that flowers could potentially be valorized in phytomanagement contexts, and that they accumulated lead and cadmium less than other plant tissues. This is the first time that such observation is made for lead, while the limited existing data for cadmium in that regard is hereby consolidated.\n\nID: 41828111\nTitle: Low-Concentration Chemical Pretreatment of Lignocellulose Biomass Derived from Hemp Hurds, Agricultural Waste: Comparative Characterisation of Various Pretreatment Methods.\nAbstract: Hemp hurds (HHs), a lignocellulosic agricultural waste, have the potential for bioconversion into bio-based products. However, the matrix structure of biomass comprising cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin makes cellulose inaccessible. Pre-treatment is essential for accessing cellulose by removing lignin, hemicellulose, and extractives. This study compares lignocellulose structure modification of HH using low-concentration chemical pretreatment methods, including organosolvent, 60% ethanol (EtOH), 3% hydrogen peroxide with 3% ammonia (H2O2/NH3), and 2% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with sonication. X-ray diffractor (XRD) analysis, using Segal method as a guide, showed that post treatments, the crystallinity index increased from 39.26% in untreated HH to 65.80% for NaOH-treated hurds. Polysaccharide content decreased compared to HH, attributed to the combination of solubilisation of hemicellulose, degradation of amorphous carbohydrates, and loss of sample during treatment wash. Although there was a reduction in polysaccharide content compared to HH, NaOH treated HH showed the highest total carbohydrate content of 48.6% and the most disrupted surface structure, based on scanning electron microscope (SEM) images at 2000\u00d7 magnification. Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) analysis indicated a reduction in lignin and hemicellulose peaks for NaOH and H2O2/NH3 treatments, while thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) results showed improved thermal stability for NaOH-treated samples. The ultrasound-assisted NaOH-treated sample had the most structural disruption in recovered solid fraction, based on comparative compositional and structural analyses. This gives a guide on the selection of pretreatment to pursue for HH processing.\n\nID: 41826533\nTitle: NMR characterisation of biopolymers and lipids from hemp pomace treated with Thermomyces lanuginosus.\nAbstract: The influence of Thermomyces lanuginosus on the chemical structure of biopolymers and lipids from hemp pomace during solid-state fermentation (SSF) was studied using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The samples of hemp pomace before, during and after SSF were used for the isolation of biopolymers (lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose) and lipids, which were subsequently analyzed using solution and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. It was observed that SSF significantly alters the composition and quality of individual biopolymers. An increase in the carbonyl group content in lignin was noted. In lipid samples, a significant reduction in mono-, di-, and triglycerides occurred accompanied by an increase in glycerol and unsaturated fatty acids. SSF also notably impacted phosphorus-containing compounds in the hemp pomace. These results demonstrate that SSF enables targeted modification of key chemical components in hemp pomace. By altering the structure of lignin, breaking down complex lipids, and affecting phosphorus-containing compounds, SSF improves the chemical quality and functionality of the biomass. This highlights its potential as an effective method for upgrading agricultural residues into more valuable and versatile materials supporting sustainable biorefinery applications.\n\nID: 41787587\nTitle: Morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of two industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivars to different levels of topping.\nAbstract: BACKGROUND: For the cultivation of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), topping (the removal of the apical meristem) is a key cultivation practice, affecting plant morphology, physiological function, biomass allocation, and the yield of inflorescences and cannabinoids. The present study investigated the effect of topping on two monoecious industrial hemp cultivars (\u2018Enectaliana\u2019 and \u2018Santhica 70\u2019). METHODS: The experiment was conducted from April to June 2024 in a greenhouse using 10\u00a0L pots, following a completely randomized design with four treatments: no topping and topping above the 4th, 5th, and 6th node from the base of the main stem. During the experimental period, the mean daily air temperature was 26.0\u00a0\u00b0C and the mean relative humidity was 54.4%. Agronomic and physiological growth characteristics, biomass production, and cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG) yield were evaluated. Cannabinoid analysis of the female inflorescence extracts was performed using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). RESULTS: The results showed that topping caused a significant reduction in plant height and an increase in the length of secondary shoots, with a stronger effect observed in the cultivar \u2018Santhica 70\u2019. The diameter of the main shoot was not significantly affected by the topping treatment. Topping led to a significant increase in both fresh and dry biomass, with the highest values recorded in plants topped above the 4th and 5th nodes. Regarding physiological parameters, topping at the 4th node was associated with an increased photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance. Regarding cannabinoid composition, an increase in CBD content was observed in \u2018Enectaliana\u2019 and in CBG content, in \u2018Santhica 70\u2019, indicating that topping may act as a morphogenetic and physiological stress factor that enhances the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. CONCLUSIONS: Topping significantly altered plant architecture, suppressing height and promoting branching, which increased biomass, particularly at the 4th and 5th nodes. These morphological changes were accompanied by enhanced physiological performance and secondary metabolism, elevating CBD in \u2018Enectaliana\u2019 and CBG in \u2018Santhica 70\u2019. Therefore, topping at the 4th or 5th node is recommended to maximize yield and phytochemical quality. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable.\n\nID: 41778222\nTitle: Dataset of infrared absorption responses of leaves from five Cannabis sativa L. varieties treated with a Trichoderma spp.-based biomass suspension.\nAbstract: This dataset provides Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra of Cannabis sativa L. leaves from five industrial hemp varieties cultivated under field conditions in Paraguay. In total, the dataset comprises 80 ATR-FTIR spectra, corresponding to five varieties, two treatment conditions, and eight biological replicates per combination. The dataset includes raw spectral profiles from placebo-treated controls and samples treated with a Trichoderma-based biomass suspension, organized in individual and consolidated Excel tables. These data support varietal classification, evaluation of treatment-related spectral variation, spectral library development, and applications in quality control, chemometric analysis, and preliminary regulatory screening.\n\nID: 42374233\nTitle: Whole-genome analysis reveals the tandem duplication of Cannabis sativa L. GATA and their stress-responsive expression during seed germination.\nAbstract: GATA transcription factors (TFs) are zinc finger proteins that regulate diverse developmental and stress-responsive processes in plants. Despite the growing economic importance of Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) as a source of fiber, seed oil, and bioactive compounds, the GATA TF gene family has not been systematically characterized in this species. This study aimed to perform a comprehensive genome-wide identification and characterization of GATA TF genes in C. sativa L. and to investigate their expression responses during early seed germination under abiotic stress conditions. A total of 17 GATA TF genes (CsGATAs) were identified in the C. sativa L. genome and phylogenetically classified into three clusters: Cluster I (12 members), Cluster II (one member), and Cluster III (four members). Evidence of localized gene family expansion was observed, with tandem duplication events identified in CsGATA2, CsGATA5, CsGATA6, CsGATA10, CsGATA11, and CsGATA14, distributed across Clusters I and III. Gene structure analysis revealed significant variation, with exon numbers ranging from 2 to 10. Promoter analysis of the 2000 base pairs (bp) upstream regions showed enrichment of stress and hormone-responsive cis-acting elements, with abscisic acid (ABA) responsive elements present in 12 of the 17 promoters. Transcriptomic profiling during early germination under cold stress (4\u00a0\u00b0C), salt stress (200\u00a0mM NaCl), and combined cold and salt stress revealed distinct expression patterns. CsGATA3 was consistently downregulated across all three stress conditions (log2FC of -1.14 under salt stress, -1.08 under cold stress, and -1.23 under combined stress). In contrast, CsGATA9 and CsGATA14 responded specifically to combined stress, with CsGATA9 downregulated (log2FC of -1.62) and CsGATA14 upregulated (log2FC of\u2009+\u20091.62). qRT-PCR analysis of five differentially expressed CsGATA genes confirmed the RNA-seq expression trends, showing strong concordance between the two platforms (Pearson r\u2009=\u20090.83, p\u2009<\u20090.001). This study provides the first genome-wide characterization of the GATA TF family in C. sativa L. and reveals gene family expansion driven by tandem duplication. The identification of stress-responsive members, particularly CsGATA3 as a broadly downregulated gene across all stress conditions and CsGATA14 as specifically induced under combined stress, highlights candidate transcriptional modulators of abiotic stress adaptation during hemp seed germination. These findings lay a foundation for functional studies and molecular breeding strategies aimed at improving stress tolerance in hemp.\n\nID: 42338575\nTitle: Characterization of bacterial endophytes isolated from Cannabis sativa L. and Chelidonium majus L. for their application as biostimulants and biocontrol agents.\nAbstract: Endophytic bacteria contribute to plant growth, stress tolerance, and pathogen resistance. Their effective use in agriculture requires the identification of strains that combine multiple beneficial traits with consistent performance across different field conditions. Accordingly, this study examines Bacillus and Pseudomonas endophytes isolated from Cannabis sativa L. and Chelidonium majus L. for plant growth promotion, abiotic stress tolerance, and biocontrol properties. Plant growth-promotion traits included indole, siderophore, and organic acid production, phosphate and zinc solubilization, and biofilm formation. Results showed that all the tested bacterial isolates produced indoles, with the highest levels recorded in Pseudomonas strain PPW-26, whereas several Pseudomonas strains exhibited strong siderophore production. Strain PPW-26 tested positive for methyl-red, indicating organic acid production, whereas other Pseudomonas strains tested negative. Moderate to high nutrient solubilization profiles were observed across all Pseudomonas strains. Bacillus strains, particularly BS-114, exhibited higher biofilm formation relative to Pseudomonas. Assessment of abiotic stress tolerance included proline accumulation, superoxide dismutase activity, and growth under varying temperature, salinity, and drought conditions. All strains displayed tolerance to the tested stresses, with Bacillus strains showing stronger resilience to high temperature and salinity, accompanied by elevated proline accumulation and superoxide dismutase activity in selected strains. Biocontrol potential was evaluated through biosurfactant production and antifungal activity. Bacillus strains showed high biosurfactant activity and strong inhibition of fungal pathogens. Strain BS-120 exhibited broad-spectrum inhibition against Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium graminearum, and Rhizoctonia solani-AG3. Analysis of genome sequences identified biosynthetic gene clusters encoding antifungal metabolites, including fengycin and surfactin, consistent with the observed inhibition. Genome-wide similarity analysis and ANI-based clustering revealed the presence of highly similar and genetically distant strains within each genus. For Bacillus spp., ANI values ranged from 87.62% to 98.83%, whereas for Pseudomonas spp. they ranged between 83.91% and 99.99%, confirming the presence of substantial intra-genus diversity. Phylogenetic analysis showed well-supported clades consistent with ANI clustering. Overall, this study demonstrates that endophytic Bacillus and Pseudomonas strains exhibit complementary and strain-dependent traits associated with plant growth promotion, stress tolerance, and pathogen suppression, supporting their further evaluation as potential bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture.\n\nID: 42299234\nTitle: Cross-Disorder Pruning-Plasticity-Aging Architecture in Substance Use Disorders and Anxiety: Transcriptome-Wide Association Insights and Mechanistic Synthesis.\nAbstract: Substance use disorders and anxiety are clinically heterogeneous, and broad case-control genetic designs can obscure stage- and subtype-specific biology. A recent series of five transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) preprints by Cheung examined opioid exposure versus dependence progression, alcohol misuse latent classes, cannabis use disorder, anxiety, and aging-related gene sets. Together, these studies suggest a cross-disorder architecture organized around a Pruning-Plasticity-Aging axis. This synthesis is narrative and hypothesis-generating, because the primary cross-disorder evidence comes from preprints and genetically predicted expression rather than measured patient expression. In this model, liability is not distributed along a single psychiatric-risk continuum. Instead, opioid exposure and some lower-risk or internalizing alcohol profiles appear to involve altered neuroimmune pruning and glial-synaptic refinement, whereas opioid dependence progression, heavier alcohol classes, broad-risk alcohol profiles, and cannabis use disorder show stronger involvement of glutamatergic plasticity, presynaptic adaptation, reward-circuit remodeling, AMP-activated protein kinase-mechanistic target of rapamycin (AMPK-mTOR) nutrient sensing, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and selected nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)/sirtuin stress-response branches. Anxiety diverges by loading more strongly on inflammatory-apoptotic signaling, complement/sterile alpha and toll/interleukin receptor motif-containing protein 1 (SARM1)-linked axonal stress, and mitochondrial NAD-stress programmes. The most promising findings include stage-specific opposition in opioid TWAS profiles, latent-class plasticity inversion in alcohol misuse, a triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2)-positive cannabis use disorder profile contrasted with a SARM1/complement C1q C chain (C1QC)-positive anxiety profile, and branch-specific rather than global aging biology. This review synthesizes these findings; places them in established addiction, neuroimmune, and aging biology; and outlines validation priorities for colocalization, fine-mapping, cell-type resolution, and functional testing.\n\nID: 42280528\nTitle: Nano-ZnO-Crosslinked Pectin/CMC Film with Enhanced Hydrophobicity and UV-Blocking for Blueberry Packaging.\nAbstract: Developing a biodegradable film with integrated mechanical robustness and multifunctionality remains a significant challenge for sustainable food packaging. Herein, a pectin/carboxymethyl cellulose composite film (PNZxC) incorporated with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) was fabricated via a solution casting method to achieve the synergistic enhancement of structural and functional properties. ZnO exhibits dual functionality within the polymer matrix, serving both as a reinforcing filler and as a coordination interaction node via interactions with carboxyl groups. At an optimal loading, the PNZ2C film demonstrates a uniform dispersion of nanoparticles, facilitating the development of a dense network structure and enhancing intermolecular interactions. Consequently, the film showed reduced water vapor and oxygen permeability, attributable to the formation of tortuous diffusion pathways, together with increased surface hydrophobicity and a significantly improved tensile strength of 25.4 MPa. Enhanced thermal stability and excellent UV-blocking performance were also achieved. Notably, the optimized film demonstrated superior preservation performance in blueberry storage, effectively reducing moisture loss and delaying quality deterioration compared with the control. These findings provide new insights into the structure-property relationships of ZnO-polysaccharide nanocomposite systems and highlight a viable strategy for designing high-performance, biodegradable packaging materials with integrated multifunctionality.\n\nID: 42200298\nTitle: Fabrication of an Antibacterial Alginate/Chitosan Hydrogel Dressing Loaded With CuO Nanoparticles for Wound Dressing Applications.\nAbstract: Chronic wounds require multifunctional dressings capable of simultaneously controlling infection, managing exudate, and promoting tissue regeneration. This study develops CuO nanoparticles incorporated alginate/chitosan hydrogel dressing reinforced onto nonwoven fabrics of pure cotton, pure hemp, and 50:50 cotton: hemp blend fabricated via full factorial design for wound dressing applications. The composites were characterized by surface morphology, chemical structure, mechanical properties, antibacterial activity, air permeability, and water absorbency. Morphological analysis confirms uniform hydrogel coating and successful CuO deposition. Mechanical strength and water absorbency increased with hydrogel concentration, with a maximum tensile strength of 115.61\u2009N for the hemp reinforced sample at 2%. All CuO-loaded hydrogel composite dressings exhibited effective antibacterial performance. Although higher hydrogel concentrations reduce air permeability, blended substrates achieve a balanced combination of strength, breathability, and exudate management. This eco-friendly, cost-effective composite demonstrates strong potential for infection control for wound healing applications.\n\nID: 42196320\nTitle: Identification of Changes in the Transcriptome Profile of Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells Exposed to Combined Sorafenib and Cannabis Treatment.\nAbstract: Cannabis-derived compounds are increasingly used as adjuncts in cancer therapy due to their reported antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. However, potential drug-herb interactions with standard anticancer agents-namely sorafenib-remain unclear. This study investigated the interaction between cannabis and sorafenib, together with transcriptomic alterations in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, and drug interactions were evaluated using the Combenefit program. RNA sequencing was performed to characterize gene expression changes across treatment groups. Combination analysis demonstrated concentration-dependent synergistic effects at intermediate doses. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that the combination treatment induced a broader and more distinct set of differentially expressed genes compared with single treatments. Integrated enrichment analyses showed consistent activation of stress- and inflammation-related pathways, including tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 via nuclear factor-kappaB (TNF/NF-\u03baB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT), oxidative stress, and p53-mediated apoptosis, alongside suppression of metabolic and proliferative processes. While several pathways were shared across treatments, the combination group exhibited a more coordinated transcriptional response, including enrichment of integrated stress response, cytokine signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and epigenetic regulation. These findings were supported by increased reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis, particularly in the combination group. Overall, cannabis may potentiate sorafenib activity through enhanced cellular stress and anti-proliferative signaling.\n\nID: 42147294\nTitle: Genome-wide identification and functional dissection of the BES1 family reveals key regulators of alkali stress response in hemp.\nAbstract: Plants frequently encounter diverse abiotic stresses, which require precise transcriptional regulation to maintain basic survival plasticity. The BES1 transcription factor family, a key component of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling, plays critical roles in plant development and stress responses. However, the genomic characterization, evolutionary characteristics, and biological functions of the BES1 family in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the BES1-like gene family in hemp and classified the 7 identified CsBES1 genes into 5 branches based on their structural and phylogenetic association analysis. Gene promoter analysis revealed that cis-regulatory elements related to development, hormone signaling, and environmental stress (mainly BOX4, G-box, ARE, and ABRE) exhibited a dense distribution, indicating that they are involved in a complex regulatory network. Integrated RNA-sequencing data and gene expression profiling through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that CsBES1-2 and CsBES1-3 genes had a good response towards alkaline stress. Subsequently, the subcellular localization of these two genes showed the cytoplasmic and nuclear distributions are indicative of a phosphorylation-dependent regulatory mechanism. The functional analysis through Yeast Two-Hybrid (Y2H) assays confirmed the activation of transcriptional activity of CsBES1-2 and CsBES1-3 genes and revealed enhanced alkali tolerance in yeast by showing the potential gene expression. In crux, this study provides the first systematic genomic characterization of the BES1 family in hemp and identifies CsBES1-2 and CsBES1-3 as key candidates for improving alkali stress resilience, offering valuable genetic resources for hemp breeding and crop improvement.\n\nID: 42137120\nTitle: Cannabidiol-Induced Tumor Cell Death: Molecular Mechanisms and Translational Perspectives in Cancer Therapy.\nAbstract: Cannabidiol (CBD), a major non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid derived from Cannabis sativa, has attracted increasing attention as a potential anticancer agent because of its pleiotropic biological activities and favorable safety profile. However, the mechanisms by which CBD regulates tumor cell death and their therapeutic relevance remain incompletely understood. This review summarizes current evidence on the molecular mechanisms by which CBD regulates tumor cell death across different cancer models. Available studies indicate that CBD exerts antitumor effects through multi-target and multi-pathway mechanisms involving oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and modulation of signaling networks such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK, NF-\u03baB, and PPAR\u03b3. Through these interconnected processes, CBD can induce apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and cell cycle arrest in a context-dependent manner. Notably, CBD may activate multiple regulated cell death pathways simultaneously or sequentially within the same tumor model, reflecting a broader stress-response network rather than a single cytotoxic mechanism. By coordinately engaging multiple cell death pathways and modulating the tumor microenvironment, CBD provides mechanistic insights and potential opportunities for the development of novel anticancer strategies. However, current evidence remains predominantly preclinical, while challenges related to oral bioavailability, pharmacokinetic variability, dose optimization, and potential drug interactions continue to limit translational progress. Collectively, available evidence suggests that CBD functions as a pleiotropic modulator of tumor cell fate rather than a classical single-target cytotoxic agent. Further mechanistic, pharmacological, and clinical studies are required to support the rational development of CBD-based anticancer therapies.\n\nID: 41921812\nTitle: Synergistic reinforcement of alginate films with hemp nanocellulose and ZnO nanoparticles for enhanced mechanical, barrier, and antimicrobial performance.\nAbstract: This study describes the fabrication and optimization of alginate-based nanocomposite films incorporating hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) nanocellulose (HNC) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) for potential active food packaging applications. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize formulation variables, identifying 1.25% (w/v) alginate, 0.15% (w/v) HNC, and 0.25% (w/v) ZnONPs as the optimal composition. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed a compact and homogeneous morphology with well-distributed nanofillers and good interfacial adhesion. The optimized Alg/HNC/ZnONPs film exhibited the highest tensile strength (35.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.68\u00a0MPa) while maintaining moderate extensibility (elongation at break: 5.54\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.24%), indicating an effective synergistic reinforcement effect. Water solubility decreased to 54.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.27%, and water vapor permeability reached a minimum value of 0.91\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.04\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010-9\u00a0g\u00b7m/m2\u00b7s\u00b7Pa, representing an approximate 34% reduction relative to the alginate-only film. ZnONPs enhanced UV-barrier ability while preserving acceptable transparency. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed strong intermolecular interactions and increased structural constraint within the polymer matrix, while differential scanning calorimetry results indicated improved thermal stability through increased enthalpic resistance to degradation. Furthermore, the nanocomposite film exhibited pronounced antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibition zones of 13.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.37\u00a0mm and 14.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.67\u00a0mm, respectively. These results demonstrate that Alg/HNC/ZnONPs nanocomposite films possess balanced multifunctional properties suitable for sustainable food packaging applications.\n\nID: 41894911\nTitle: High reversibility driven by Y3+ solvation structure optimization in aqueous zinc-ion batteries: The specific advantages of yttrium-based rare earth electrolyte additives.\nAbstract: Due to its outstanding ecological compatibility, abundant resource reserves, and inherent high safety, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have become a highly promising candidate system in the field of large-scale energy storage. However, the uncontrollable dendrite growth and corrosion side reactions at the zinc anode severely limit its cycle life and practical application. To overcome these bottlenecks, the present work employs rare earth yttrium ions (Y3+) as a structural regulator in the electrolyte. This innovative mechanism was revealed through experimental analysis and theoretical calculation: Y3+ reconfigures the [Zn (H2O)6]2+ solvation shell, drives the ordered desolvation of Zn2+, and simultaneously inhibits dendrite nucleation, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and interfacial by-product formation. This strategy significantly improves the interface stability. At 1 mAh\u00b7cm-2, the symmetric cell achieved a 99.1% coulombic efficiency (CE) for zinc deposition/extraction and an ultra-long cycle life of 260\u00a0h. The performance of the full cell using vanadium-based cathode material (NVO) has achieved a synergistic improvement. Specifically, at a current density of 1 A\u00b7g-1, its capacity retention rate reached 96.8% (an increase of 14.5% compared to the ZSO electrolyte) after 300\u00a0cycles of testing. Meanwhile, the specific capacity remained stable at 273 mAh\u00b7g-1 throughout the entire cycle, demonstrating excellent cycle stability and capacity retention ability. This study aims to explore the potential role of the \"cationic competitive solvation\" mechanism in improving the cycle stability of AZIBs, with the hope of providing a possible solution to related problems.\n\nID: 41892270\nTitle: The Therapeutic Crossroad Between Mitochondria and Cannabidiol: A Mini-Review.\nAbstract: Cannabidiol is a non-psychoactive compound originating from Cannabis sativa L., with a promising therapeutic profile that influences numerous cellular processes. A major area of interest is its impact on mitochondria, organelles essential for cellular metabolism, ATP production, calcium homeostasis, and stress response. This article explores the available data on contribution of CBD effect on mitochondria to its therapeutic potential in treatment of various pathologies: cancer, cardiovascular, lung, neurological, gastrointestinal and liver disease, and muscle pathologies. Regarding cancer, the cytotoxic effects of cannabidiol on glioma, leukaemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, prostate, gastric, and breast cancer are analysed. In the case of cardiomyopathies and heart failure, cannabidiol plays an important role in reducing oxidative stress and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. In lung diseases, cannabidiol reduces the expression of mitochondrial fission genes and increases the expression of fusion genes. When it comes to neurological pathologies, cannabidiol protects neurons and exhibits a strong antioxidant effect, while in gastrointestinal and liver diseases, cannabidiol stabilises mitochondrial membrane potential, increases ATP production, and reduces oxidative stress. In muscle affections, cannabidiol improves mitochondrial function by inhibiting excessive mitophagy. Although modern formulations may improve the low bioavailability of CBD, its potential non-selective cytotoxicity toward non-malignant cells remains an important concern that warrants further investigation. Nevertheless, cannabidiol possesses a remarkable therapeutic potential, and its effects on mitochondria open new perspectives in the treatment of numerous diseases.\n\nID: 41834348\nTitle: Cover Crop Impacts Fusarium Head Blight Incidence and Mycotoxin Contamination of Cannabis sativa.\nAbstract: Hemp has been commercially produced in Kentucky since federal reintroduction in 2018. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is among the most detrimental diseases encountered in Kentucky hemp production. Growers are heavily reliant on cultural management practices to manage FHB of hemp, as resistant cultivars have not been identified and fungicide options are limited. A two-year multisite field trial was conducted in 2024 and 2025 to determine whether cover crop preceding hemp influenced Fusarium graminearum inoculum load and FHB incidence, as well as mycotoxin contamination. Hemp that was no-till planted following a wheat cover crop was exposed to more inoculum than hemp no-till planted into mustard or planted following conventional tillage. In addition, the hemp following wheat had the highest levels of FHB incidence and F. graminearum DNA and mycotoxins in the harvested grain. The mycotoxin contamination levels observed in 2024 were above advisory limits set for other crops. Results from this study indicate that cultural management practices such as tillage or cover crop can have significant impacts on FHB in hemp production.\n\nID: 41796083\nTitle: Differentiation of cannabinoid isomers via Cu-mediated molecular ion formation and electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.\nAbstract: Gas chromatography-electron ionization-mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS) remains the primary analytical technique used for cannabis analysis in seized drug laboratories. Electron ionization (EI) mass spectra exhibit extensive fragmentation, enabling the identification of cannabinoids by comparison with reference EI mass spectral libraries. However, limitations such as thermal degradation and potential cannabinoid conversion can occur due to the elevated temperatures of the GC inlet. In contrast, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) uses a soft ionization technique, such as electrospray ionization (ESI), which predominantly yields the protonated molecule with minimal fragmentation. Even with collisional activation using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis, the product ion spectra are nearly identical for cannabinoid isomers, reducing the effectiveness of this technique for cannabinoid identification. In this study, copper (Cu) salts are used to induce cannabinoid molecular ion formation under ESI conditions, enabling cannabinoid isomer differentiation. Thirteen cannabinoids were analyzed in the presence of Cu, and the resulting MS/MS product ion spectra exhibited fragmentation analogous to cannabinoid EI mass spectra. To evaluate forensic applicability, the EI-like product ion spectra were searched against the NIST 20 EI-MS mass spectral library using NIST MS Search software. Spectral matches confirmed that this alternative approach can generate EI-like data under ESI-MS/MS conditions, improving cannabinoid isomer identification. Additionally, this method was applied to methanolic extracts of authentic cannabis plant material to ensure cannabinoid molecular ion formation in real-world samples. The developed method offers an alternative approach to traditional workflows, while providing spectral data consistent with those routinely interpreted by seized drug analysts.\n\nID: 41782125\nTitle: The power of zinc: excess and deficiency of Zn decrease cannabinoids in cannabis without Zn toxicity concerns to consumers.\nAbstract: BACKGROUND: Some of the mineral nutrients essential for plants are heavy metals, which their consumption may involve health concerns to the consumers. Hence, for safe consumption, optimized fertilization protocol for cannabis plants needs to focus also on minimizing the accumulation of potentially toxic minerals in the inflorescences. Zinc is an essential microelement for plants that has a toxic effect on the human body when consume in high concentration. The present study aimed to understand the drug-type (medical) cannabis plant response to Zn supply, for identifying the optimal Zn supply that balance high quality production with safe product. METHODS: cannabis plants were grown under five Zn levels (0.05, 0.1, 0.35, 1.0, 4.0 mg L\u2212\u20091) in controlled environment; and morpho-physiology analyses, cannabinoid profile, and ionome-profiling in the plant-organs were conducted. RESULTS: Increased level of Zn supply reduced the relative accumulation of Zn in the inflorescences, and excess Zn was stored in the plant root, and therefore does not impose additional health risk to consumers. Cannabinoid concentrations were highest under 0.35 mgL\u2212\u20091 Zn supply, and decreased with further increase in Zn supply. The acidic cannabinoids THCA, CBDA, CBCA, CBDVA, THCVA increased with the increase in Zn supply up to 0.1\u20130.35 mgL\u2212\u20091 and declined with further increase in Zn. Zn deficiency (under 0.05 mgL\u2212\u20091 Zn supply) reduced physiological performance, plant growth and inflorescence yield, and stimulated uptake of Zn, P, S, Ca, Fe, and Mn. Symptoms of excess Zn were death of leaf tips; however plant performance was overall not affected by Zn excess. CONCLUSIONS: Excess Zn is retained in the root and excluded from the inflorescence, thereby not imposing health risk to the consumers. The recommended Zn concentration in the fertigation solution that was found to attain highest specialized-metabolite concentrations, and optimal yield and plant performance is 0.35 mgL\u2212\u20091.\n\nID: 41731563\nTitle: Comparative analysis of metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, microbial contaminants and THC potency in illegal and regulated cannabis inflorescences in Canada.\nAbstract: BACKGROUND: Following the legalization of recreational cannabis in Canada under the Cannabis Act (2018), regulatory frameworks were implemented to ensure product safety, quality, and consistency within the legal market. Previous studies revealed significantly greater pesticide contamination in illegal cannabis than in legal products. In light of these findings, the present study expands contaminant surveillance to include the quantification of \u0394\u2079-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and a broader range of potential toxicants, including metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, and microbial agents. METHODS: Fifty legal cannabis products were purchased across Canadian provinces, and 50 illegal samples were obtained via law enforcement seizures. All the samples were tested via validated, accredited/attested methods. THC content was assessed using LC-UV-MS. Pesticides were analyzed via LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS; metals via ICP-MS/MS; mycotoxins via LC-MS/MS; and microbial contamination using MALDI-TOF. RESULTS: THC levels in 48% of legal products deviated by more than 20% from their labeled concentrations. Microbiological testing revealed that 20% of legal products exceeded the European Pharmacopoeia microbial limits, prompting appropriate compliance and enforcement measures to address each of these cases. In contrast, 55% of the illegal products exceeded the aerobic plate count thresholds, and 73% surpassed the yeast and mold limits. Mycotoxins were undetected in legal products but were present in 12% of illegal samples. Pesticide residues were found at trace levels (0.01\u00a0\u00b5g/g) for myclobutanil and dichlobenil in two legal samples, whereas 94% of illegal samples contained pesticides, averaging 3.4 compounds per sample across 24 unique active ingredients. Metal analysis revealed higher levels of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in illegal products than in their legal counterparts. However, legal samples presented higher chromium concentrations, with peak values approximately threefold greater than those observed in illegal cannabis. The concentrations of arsenic, barium, chromium, copper, molybdenum, nickel, and vanadium exceeded the\u00a0inhalation concentration limits found in Table 2 of USP <232> of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) in one or both product categories. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that legal THC levels differ from their label claims as well as that contaminants differ between legal and illegal cannabis products. The results provide evidence to inform regulatory oversight, enhance risk assessment efforts, and support informed decision-making by consumers and policymakers in the context of a legal cannabis framework.\n\nID: 41662491\nTitle: Adult Rat Offspring Exposed to THC during Gestation Exhibit Distinct Biomolecular Changes Identified by X-ray Fluorescence Imaging and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Cortico-Limbic Circuits.\nAbstract: Perspectives surrounding Cannabis use have transformed over the past decade. This shift in perspective has been noted in pregnant populations in Canada and the US, where various investigations report that the use of Cannabis in pregnancy is increasingly commonplace. There is some evidence indicating that \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main intoxicating phytocannabinoid found within Cannabis flower, may influence the biochemical composition of lipids within the developing fetal brain. The aim of this study was to apply multimodal biospectroscopic imaging techniques, X-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI) and Fourier transform mid-infrared spectromicroscopy (FTIR), to investigate the biochemical and biomolecular changes underlying the distinct behavioral phenotypes identified previously. XFI was used to investigate the presence of metal, nonmetal, and alkali dysregulation, while FTIR provided information on neurochemical dysbiosis within the brains of offspring exposed to THC (3 mg/kg; i.p.) or vehicle (VEH). The THC offspring exhibited decreased copper (Cu) concentrations within the perimeter of their corpus callosum, as identified by XFI. FTIR hyperspectral data from the brain revealed noteworthy changes in peaks associated with lipid methylene (CH2as), carbohydrates, and peak ratios identifying changes in the lipid structure and the relative content of lipids, cholesterol esters, and cholesterols to saturated fatty acids. These changes were particularly evident in the hippocampus, where THC offspring exhibited increased CH2as, lipid esters, phosphate, protein, and unsaturation levels of lipids. The biochemical changes seen in the FTIR spectra were modest, with THC offspring showing an increase in the number of structural changes of lipids in the corpus callosum and an increase in protein in the lateral ventricle. This study supports the usefulness of these techniques to detect subtle changes in biomolecular composition within brain tissues exposed to gestational THC. These results contribute to the growing body of knowledge unraveling the complex effects of THC on fetal neurodevelopmental trajectories.\n\nID: 41650924\nTitle: Non-invasive detection of gastric cancer biomarker 4-HBA via a ZIF/CDs-based fluorescent sensor.\nAbstract: Urine analysis has become an increasingly valuable tool in modern medical diagnostics due to its non-invasive nature. In this study, we report the development of a novel fluorescent sensor based on ZIF-8 and CDs embedded in a molecularly imprinted polymer matrix (ZIF/CDs@MIPs) for the selective and sensitive detection of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), a potential gastric cancer biomarker. The integration of ZIF-8 enhanced the sensor's surface area, structural stability, and fluorescence performance. Optimization experiments revealed that a ZIF-8 concentration of 400\u00a0mg/L yielded the highest quenching efficiency. The sensor exhibited excellent fluorescence stability under varying pH, ionic strength, and UV exposure. A detailed analysis of the quenching mechanism indicated that dynamic quenching and electron transfer were involved in 4-HBA detection. The sensor showed strong selectivity for 4-HBA over common interferents, with a low detection limit of 0.68\u00a0\u03bcmol/L and a good linear response in the 0-100\u00a0\u03bcmol/L range. Application in real urine samples demonstrated high recovery rates (97.71-106.16%) and low relative standard deviations (0.80-2.95%), confirming its reliability and accuracy. These findings highlight the potential of ZIF/CDs@MIPs as a practical and non-invasive fluorescence sensing platform for biomarker monitoring in clinical diagnostics, especially for early gastric cancer detection.\n\nID: 41614606\nTitle: Field-grown hemp treated with humic/fulvic acids and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for phytomanaging a metal-contaminated agricultural soil.\nAbstract: Industrial hemp offers several advantages for phytomanaging metal(loid)-contaminated soils as it can provide valuable biomass notably for bioenergy while accumulating some metals (i.e., Cd and Zn) in its shoots. In a previous pot study humic/fulvic acids (HFA) incorporated into the soil with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhanced hemp growth. This study assessed the biostimulant effect of HFA, alone or paired with AMF (HFAxAMF), on the shoot yield and shoot Cd, Pb and Zn uptakes in a 2-year field trial in view of producing clean, renewable liquid biofuels. The trial (0.07\u2009ha) was carried out at a contaminated agricultural field in a randomized split-plot design (nine blocks). Cannabis sativa L. was sown at a density of 173 000 plants ha-1. Effects of HFA and HFAxAMF treatments on the behavior of metals and plants were compared to an unamended one. Hemp produced on average 10.7 (year 1)-14.5 (year 2) t DW ha-1 despite a severe drought in year 1. Neither HFA nor HFAxAMF treatments enhanced shoot yield. Shoot Cd, Pb and Zn uptakes reached 9.9, 230, and 869\u2009g ha-1\u2009year-1, respectively. In year 2, shoot Cd uptake improved under all treatments and the 0.01\u2009M Ca(NO3)2-extractable soil Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations at harvest decreased by 95, 79 and 96%, respectively. Hemp was a relevant plant species for phytomanaging this metal-contaminated soil under current climatic constraints. The potential bioethanol yield was estimated in the 3851-6481\u2009L ha-1 range. Overall, hemp can simultaneously reduce soil metal availability while producing a biomass convertible into liquid biofuels. This highlights its strong potential as a dual-purpose crop for sustainable and progressive phytoremediation and renewable energy production. This study investigates the effects of humic/fulvic acids (HFA), applied alone or paired with AMF (HFAxAMF) on Cd, Pb and Zn uptake by hemp shoots and shoot yield in a 2-year field trial. The work aimed at producing a biomass usable for renewable liquid biofuels, while using hemp for managing contaminated soils under current climatic conditions in the vicinity of the former Metaleurop smelter.\n\nID: 41596727\nTitle: Genome-Wide Identification, Phylogenetic Analysis and Salt-Responsive Expression Profiling of the MYB Transcription Factor Family in Cannabis sativa L. During Seed Germination.\nAbstract: Seed germination is a critical developmental stage exhibiting high vulnerability to salt stress. The role of MYB transcription factors (TFs) in mediating this process in Cannabis sativa L. remains largely unexplored. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis and identified 115 CsMYB genes, which were phylogenetically classified into 12 distinct subgroups. In silico promoter analysis revealed a significant enrichment of abscisic acid (ABA)- and methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-responsive cis-elements, suggesting their potential linkage to phytohormone signaling pathways under stress conditions. To investigate their expression during salt stress, we profiled a subset of candidate CsMYB genes during seed germination under 150 mM NaCl treatment based on RNA-seq screening at 24 h post-imbibition (hpi) under salt stress. These candidates exhibited distinct temporal expression profiles: CsMYB33 and CsMYB44 were transiently induced at the early stage (12 h post-imbibition), while CsMYB14, CsMYB78, and CsMYB79 showed sustained upregulation from 24 h to 5 days. In contrast, CsMYB58 and CsMYB110 were downregulated. Synteny analysis indicated a closer evolutionary relationship between CsMYBs and their Arabidopsis thaliana orthologs compared to those in monocots. Protein-protein interaction predictions, based on orthology, further implicated these CsMYBs within putative ABA signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis networks. Collectively, our findings provide a systematic genomic identification and genomic characterization of the CsMYB family and propose a model for the potential multi-phase involvement of selected CsMYBs in the salt stress response during seed germination. This work establishes a foundational resource and identifies key candidate genes for future functional validation aimed at enhancing salt tolerance in C. sativa.\n\nID: 41564022\nTitle: Construction and mechanical properties of boron carbide/regenerated cellulose composite fiber based on copper ammonia method.\nAbstract: The fabrication and mechanical properties of boron carbide/regenerated cellulose composite fibers prepared via the copper ammonia method were investigated. The process involves dissolving cellulose in a copper ammonia solution, incorporating boron carbide powder, and subsequently performing wet spinning to produce composite fibers. The results indicate that the addition of boron carbide significantly alters the surface morphology and color of the fibers, rendering them rougher and darker. EDS analysis confirms the presence and distribution of boron carbide within the composite fibers, while TG analysis reveals enhanced thermal stability with increasing boron carbide content. XRD and FTIR analyses provide detailed insights into the crystal structure and functional groups of the composite fibers, confirming the successful incorporation of boron carbide into the cellulose matrix. Mechanical property evaluations show that smaller boron carbide particles (500 nm) have a more pronounced detrimental effect on the fracture strength of the composite fibers, likely due to agglomeration and the formation of stress concentrations. The post-treatment with glutaraldehyde at optimal concentrations and reaction times can enhance the tenacity of the composite fibers.\n\nID: 41516899\nTitle: In Situ Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Soy Protein Isolate for Sustainable and Multifunctional Finishing of Hemp Fabrics.\nAbstract: This study presents an environmentally sustainable finishing approach for hemp fabrics by combining soy protein isolate (SPI) pretreatment with an in situ infrared (IR)-assisted synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). IR heating was employed to reduce energy consumption while promoting efficient nanoparticle formation compared to conventional thermal processing, while SPI acted as a bio-based stabilizer to enable uniform ZnO NP distribution on the fabric surface. Transmission electron microscopy revealed predominantly spherical to polyhedral ZnO NPs with minimal agglomeration, and X-ray diffraction confirmed their characteristic wurtzite crystalline structure. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping further verified the homogeneous deposition of ZnO NPs on hemp fibers. The treated fabrics exhibited multifunctional performance, showing significantly enhanced ultraviolet (UV) protection with a UV protection factor (UPF) of 50+ compared with untreated hemp. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was confirmed by the AATCC TM147 test, while a quantitative AATCC TM100 assessment demonstrated an excellent antibacterial efficiency of 99.99% bacterial reduction against S. aureus. Additionally, the incorporation of 2 wt% SPI significantly improved fabric hydrophilicity and wettability. Overall, this work demonstrates a green and effective strategy for producing antibacterial and UV-protective hemp textiles.\n\nID: 41513345\nTitle: Differentiation of CBD and \u03949-THC isomers using copper-ion complexation and electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.\nAbstract: The differentiation of illicit marijuana and legal hemp, based on the 0.3\u00a0% \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC) threshold outlined in the 2018 Agricultural Improvement Act, impacted the seized drug community and the commercial hemp industry. Previously, the presence of \u03949-THC was sufficient for the identification of illicit marijuana; however, current legislation now requires quantitative or semi-quantitative analyses. Cannabidiol (CBD) and \u03949-THC are the primary cannabinoids in hemp and marijuana, respectively, but the presence of additional cannabinoids, such as \u03949-THC isomers, creates a significant analytical challenge. This study investigates copper (Cu)-ion complexation as a novel approach for differentiating CBD and \u03949-THC isomers. The binding of Cu+\u00a0ions to cannabinoids generates characteristic ions in the full scan mass spectra due to preferential binding affinities and distinct oxidation products from Cu-catalyzed O2 activation. Thirteen Cu-cannabinoid complexes were analyzed to identify characteristic ions enabling isomer differentiation. Common cannabinoids such as \u03949-THC, CBD, \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (\u03949-THCA), and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) were differentiated in full scan due to characteristic ions at nominal m/z 416, m/z 480, m/z 565, and m/z 524, respectively. Additionally, \u03949-THC was differentiated from \u03948-tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03948-THC) based on the absence of the precursor ion at nominal m/z 416 for \u03948-THC. The Cu-ion complexation method was successfully applied to the analysis of 10 simulant mixtures and fortified cannabis extracts, although competition for Cu+ ions in solution in authentic extracts increased the difficulty of cannabinoid identification. This study demonstrates the potential of a novel Cu-ion complexation approach for differentiating CBD and \u03949-THC isomers using electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Given the challenges associated with the increasing prevalence of \u03949-THC isomers in cannabis extracts and the limitations associated with current analytical techniques for cannabis testing, this study demonstrates a novel alternative approach for differentiating \u03949-THC isomers, which is essential for the differentiation of legal hemp and illicit marijuana.\n\nID: 41404133\nTitle: Canola grain yield and quality response to Sunn hemp cover crop, combined nano zinc and copper, and nitrogen fertiliser application under different agroecological zones.\nAbstract: Canola production requires considerable nitrogen fertilisation, which negatively impacts the environment. This study evaluated the effects of Sunn hemp cover crop, nano zinc and copper, and nitrogen fertiliser on grain, oil and protein yields at Syferkuil and Ofcolaco during 2023 and 2024. Cover crop was planted, slashed, and incorporated into the soil 60 days after planting, then followed by canola in a split split-plot design with 16 treatments and 3 replications. Statistical analysis was conducted using JASP software 0.19.3. Results showed increases in grain yield (17% to 43%), oil yield (21% to 68%), and protein yield (21% to 47%) with cover crop incorporation, although location-specific variances were noted. At Syferkuil, nano zinc and copper enhanced grain yield by 15% to 17% and protein yield by 16% to 27%. Nitrogen fertilisation at 120 kgN ha-1 also resulted in higher oil yields, which was comparable to 180 kgN ha-1, although this varied across seasons and locations. Overall, cover crop, nano zinc and copper can reduce nitrogen inputs while maintaining oil yield depending on specific conditions.\n\nID: 41402937\nTitle: Comparative analysis of 105 datasets across species and tissues reveals differential transcriptomic responses to cannabinoids THC and CBD.\nAbstract: Cannabis use is on the rise yet the systematic molecular impact of key cannabinoid components on various tissues in diverse organisms remains incompletely understood. We aim to systematically elucidate the molecular pathways and networks affected by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) across species and tissue types. We curated 105 THC- and CBD-related RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and microarray datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (NCBI GEO) with a focus on mammalian species (human, non-human primate rhesus macaque, mouse, rat). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using limma for microarrays and DESeq2 for RNAseq data, followed by a meta analysis to identify meta-DEGs. DEGs were analyzed for pathway enrichment using EnrichR, network regulation using Mergeomics key driver analysis, and disease associations using Mergeomics Marker Set Enrichment Analysis. Comparative analyses were conducted across compounds, datasets, species, and tissues. CBD datasets demonstrated more DEGs and enriched pathways across species and experimental conditions compared to THC. CBD datasets clustered more tightly by route of administration and species and were more frequently enriched for pathways related to zinc homeostasis, inflammation suppression, and cell cycle regulation. In contrast, THC signatures were more heterogeneous and did not exhibit consistent clustering, although consistently altered genes associated with antioxidant activity, neuronal myelination, synaptic signaling, and transcriptional regulation were identified across datasets. THC altered endocannabinoid signaling genes more often in brain tissues, while CBD affected this pathway more heavily in both central and peripheral tissues. Disease enrichment analyses revealed significant associations of CBD DEGs with lipid metabolism and body composition traits, while DEGs of both compounds showed links to neuropsychiatric disorders and type 2 diabetes. THC and CBD demonstrated distinct and largely non-overlapping transcriptomic responses, with CBD showing more coherent molecular effects across datasets. Our results underscore the potential therapeutic relevance of CBD to metabolic and psychiatric regulation, highlight the context-dependency of THC's molecular actions, and offer molecular insights into the therapeutic and side effects of cannabinoids.\n\nID: 41391524\nTitle: Recent Stress Potentiation and Paralimbic System Reactivity in Young Adults With Bipolar Disorder: Implications for Suicide Risk and Effects of Cannabis Use Disorder.\nAbstract: Bipolar disorder coincides with one of the highest rates of suicide among all psychiatric conditions. Individual differences in stress reactivity may contribute to increased susceptibility to suicide-related thoughts and behaviors (STBs). Research examining the stress response and its relationship with STBs in bipolar disorder is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between recent perceived stress and neurophysiological response to acute psychosocial stress in anterior-paralimbic system in young adults with bipolar disorder with and without a suicide attempt history. Seventy-two young adults (21 with bipolar disorder and a history of suicide attempt(s) [BD-SA], 22 diagnostic control participants without a suicide attempt history [BD-noSA], and 29 typically developing [TD] individuals) were assessed for past-month perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale [PSS]) and completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging Stress Math Task. Stress-related functional changes in anterior-paralimbic regions of interest were examined in relation to PSS scores. Effects of lifetime alcohol/cannabis use disorder and nicotine use on stress reactivity were explored. In the BD-SA group, recent perceived stress was associated with greater reactivity to psychosocial stress in the medial orbitofrontal cortex, anterior insula, amygdala, and anterior cingulate cortex (group-by-PSS interactions: ps \u2264 .008). These patterns were not observed in the BD-noSA or TD groups. Lifetime cannabis use disorder and recent nicotine use were related to greater anterior-paralimbic responses to stress in bipolar disorder (ps \u2264 .002). Heightened anterior-paralimbic reactivity to cumulative stress may represent a risk factor for STBs. Cannabis and nicotine use may exacerbate stress-related anterior-paralimbic dysregulation. Future longitudinal research is needed to extend findings and investigate temporal relationships between stress reactivity, cannabis/nicotine use, and STBs.\n\nID: 41383740\nTitle: Bioprotective role of Cladosporium tenuissimum counteracting heavy metal (chromium) stress in Triticum aestivum L.\nAbstract: Heavy metal pollution, particularly from chromium (Cr), poses a significant threat to plant development and soil health. This study evaluated the efficacy of the rhizospheric fungus strain Cladosporium tenuissimum, isolated from the rhizosphere of Cannabis sativa, in enhancing the early growth and physiological resilience of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) under chromium-induced stress. The strain Cladosporium tenuissimum demonstrated tolerance through substantial biomass retention in Czapek-Dox medium at chromium concentrations between 30 and 90\u202fmg/L, mitigated the decrease in carotenoid and chlorophyll pigments, enhanced protein and sugar levels, and significantly promoted root and shoot growth in wheat under chromium stress. Additionally, fungal therapy reduced proline accumulation and restored indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels, indicating improved hormonal balance and reduced stress levels. Furthermore, Cladosporium tenuissimum (C. tenuissimum) maintained membrane integrity and regulated excess flavonoids by reducing electrolyte leakage. Under chromium stress, the activities of antioxidant enzymes were elevated; however, fungal inoculation moderated these activities to some extent. These findings indicate that C. tenuissimum may serve as a bioprotective agent, enhancing plant tolerance and mitigating Cr toxicity by regulating metabolic processes, physiological responses, and antioxidant activity.\n\nID: 41375168\nTitle: Elemental Composition and Strontium Isotopic Ratio Analysis of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) for Textile Applications.\nAbstract: Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is increasingly valued as a sustainable raw material for textile applications, yet reliable analytical tools to characterize and trace its origin are still limited. This study presents a pilot investigation on the elemental composition and strontium isotopic ratio (87Sr/86Sr) of Italian industrial hemp samples, with the aim of evaluating their potential as chemical markers for geographic traceability. Hemp stalks and fibers collected from different Italian regions were finely ground, mineralized using microwave-assisted digestion, and analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and multicollector ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS). The analytical protocol was validated using certified reference materials, showing recoveries between 95.7% and 102.1%. The measured 87Sr/86Sr ratios ranged from 0.7085 to 0.7105, with consistent intra-sample reproducibility and values reflecting regional geochemical backgrounds. Elemental profiling revealed marked variability among samples, particularly Sr, Ca, Fe, and trace metals. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated partial clustering according to geographical origin, distinguishing northern from southern Italian samples. Heavy-metal concentrations (Hg, Pb, Cd) were well below international textile safety thresholds, confirming the environmental sustainability of local hemp cultivation.\n\nID: 41372766\nTitle: Comparison of selected metals in the fillers of 14 commercial hemp cigarette brands to commercial tobacco cigarettes.\nAbstract: Cannabis sativa L. containing\u2009<\u20090.3% delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is currently defined as hemp. Many different legal products in the United States now contain hemp and are marketed for their cannabinoid effects, as an alternative to tobacco products, or even as an aid for tobacco smoking cessation. The hemp cigarettes analyzed have similar designs to tobacco cigarettes with a filter and filler wrapped in paper. Cannabis sativa, like tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), is a hyperaccumulator of metals. Currently, no publications have reported analyses of metals in these cigarette-like products. Hemp and cannabidiol (CBD) products are increasing in popularity. Thus, reporting the metal concentrations from a variety of hemp cigarette brands can help assess the potential for harmful exposures. We analyzed the hemp filler in 14 commercial brands for beryllium (Be), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and uranium (U) content.The hemp cigarette filler metals concentrations are compared to previously published metals levels in tobacco cigarette and little cigar filler. NIST Reference Material (RM) 8210 Hemp Plant was also analyzed to assess and confirm analytical accuracy. Of note, all hemp cigarette filler cadmium concentrations were below our lowest reportable level, and statistically lower than our previously published U.S. tobacco cigarettes and little cigars filler. The other metal concentration ranges were similar to previous tobacco cigarettes and little cigars results, although mean concentrations were statistically different in many cases. Different states have testing requirements with action limits for selected metals concentrations in Cannabis sativa L. Several hemp cigarette brands had chromium, nickel, arsenic, and lead concentrations that were above some state action limits.\n\nID: 41356388\nTitle: Hemp seed extract as a catalyst for cell proliferation via IGF-1 and growth hormone signaling: Increased natural regenerative potential of muscles.\nAbstract: Hemp seeds provide a nutritious food source. They contain proteins and essential minerals such as phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron and zinc. These nutrients contribute to health benefits, including the support of cardiovascular health, blood pressure regulation and boosting immune function. To the best of our knowledge, however, their influence on cell proliferation has not been determined. The present study examined the biological effects of hemp seed extract on cell proliferation. The present study examined the biological effects of hemp seed extract on cell viability by evaluating its cytotoxicity in mouse muscle (C2C12) and embryonic (C3H10T1/2) cells, and identified 200 \u00b5g/ml as the optimal treatment concentration. At this concentration, growth factor protein levels were elevated, and the phosphorylation of the downstream JAK2/STAT5b signaling pathway was increased. The extract promoted phosphorylated STAT5b binding to insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 DNA without causing significant DNA damage. These results suggest that hemp seed extract supports muscle regeneration by stimulating IGF-1 signaling via the JAK2/STAT5b pathway.\n\nID: 41351829\nTitle: Construction of Dense Cu2O Microsphere Structures on Current Collector Surfaces for High-Performance Anode-Free Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.\nAbstract: Anode-free aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AF-AZIBs) enhance energy density by eliminating the traditional thick zinc foil anode. However, they often face challenges such as low Coulombic efficiency (CE) and unstable cycling performance, primarily caused by uneven zinc deposition and dendrite growth on the current collector. To address these issues, we propose a simple, cost-effective surface modification method for Cu foil as the anode current collector. We brush the Cu foil surface with a marker pen filled with a mixed solution of (NH4)2S2O8 and NaOH, enabling the in situ formation of dense Cu2O microspheres (Dense-Cu2O@Cu). This method offers better control over microsphere formation in comparison to conventional direct immersion methods, resulting in a uniform and dense microsphere structures. The dense microspheres increase the specific surface area and active site density, promoting more uniform zinc deposition, suppressing dendrite growth, and enhancing CE. Zn||Dense-Cu2O@Cu half cells exhibit stable cycling performance for over 4000 cycles at 5 mA cm-2 with CE > 99.9%. Full cells with Dense-Cu2O@Cu as the anode and pregalvanized vanadium dioxide (ZnVO) as the cathode exhibit an initial capacity of 329 mAh g-1 at 0.5 A g-1. They retain 80.6% of their initial capacity after 1000 cycles. This efficient interfacial engineering offers valuable insights into advancing high-performance AF-AZIBs.\n\nID: 41347905\nTitle: Computational and design of experiment strategies to improve differentiation and quantitation of trace-level cannabinoids by copper cationization paper spray mass spectrometry.\nAbstract: The medicinal and recreational use of cannabis products is quickly rising from increased worldwide legalization and decriminalization. Despite this, current analytical methods have compromises when analyzing common isobaric cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD) or (-)-trans-\u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). We report on the use of computational chemistry, combined with design of experiment (DoE), to optimize and develop a paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) method with on-paper cationization to simplify workflow for trace level differentiation and quantitation of THC and CBD. Computational methods allowed for pre-screening of candidate metal ions prior to experimental measurements, with promising candidates then being evaluated by electrospray ionization high resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-HRMS). A direct mass spectrometry method using copper cationization with PS-MS was then developed and optimized using DoE. Copper cationization with both ESI and PS-MS tandem mass spectrometry demonstrated the best CBD/THC selectivity and sensitivity, with 1% interference between CBD and THC copper adduct product ions with ESI. DoE results increased the analytical performance of the PS-MS method for quantifying cannabinoids in methanol, acetonitrile/water, and saliva matrices. Methanolic detection limits were 10 ng mL-1 for CBD and 20 ng mL-1 for THC by PS-MS allowing rapid (one-minute measurement), direct mass spectrometry differentiation, whereas detection limits in both saliva and acetonitrile/water matrices were <2 ng mL-1 for THC and CBD. This work illustrates the advantages of using DoE and computational chemistry to develop PS-MS and ESI methods for the rapid differentiation and quantitation of isobaric cannabinoids.\n\nID: 42410136\nTitle: Comprehensive scientometric analysis of worldwide river sediment pollution: detection methods and effective remediation strategies.\nAbstract: Industries, agriculture, deforestation, urbanization, and waste disposal are major sources of river pollution, causing contamination and eutrophication. Although river water quality has been widely studied, sediment pollution remains a persistent and often overlooked threat due to the buildup of toxic substances. This review examines 22\u00a0years of global research on river sediment pollution, screening 554 Scopus articles in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Of these, 179 papers focus on ten key parameters: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), freely dissolved PCBs, pesticide concentration, particulate organic matter, total organic carbon, total organic nitrogen, total organic phosphorus, total suspended solids, ecotoxicity tests, and heavy metal concentration. A scientometric analysis using VOSviewer is done to evaluate keyword co-occurrence, publication trends, leading countries, influential journals, and research areas. This is the first review to integrate these ten parameters within a unified scientometric and qualitative framework, providing a comprehensive overview of the research landscape. The review highlights dominant pollutants such as PCBs and heavy metals, systematically identifies research gaps, and notes that environmental engineering is the leading subject area. It also identifies the most productive researchers, the most frequently cited articles, and the major contributing countries, including significant contributions from developing nations. Study sites, assessment methods, and key findings are summarized, along with lists of the most harmful contaminants and publication trends. The review recommends mitigation strategies and serves as a valuable reference for future research, risk assessment, and sediment management.\n\nID: 42405661\nTitle: Comparative analysis of phytoremediation capabilities of Salvinia molesta under single and combined heavy metal stress (Cr, Ni, Cd): growth, biochemical responses, and metal accumulation.\nAbstract: This research study uses Salvinia molesta to assess its ability to remediate contaminated environments which show single and combined heavy metal contamination from chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and cadmium (Cd). The study aimed to evaluate how different metal exposure conditions affected the plants' ability to absorb metals and their growth and biochemical changes. Plants were grown in hydroponic systems using Hoagland's nutrient solution, which included different chromium, nickel and cadmium concentrations that were tested both separately and through binary combinations of chromium\u2009+\u2009nickel, nickel\u2009+\u2009cadmium and chromium\u2009+\u2009cadmium for a period of 60\u2009days. Higher metal concentrations resulted in substantial growth and biomass reduction, which reached its highest level during testing of two metal substances together. The research found that plants accumulated proline while their antioxidant activity showed greater levels of DPPH, metal chelation, reducing power, CAT and SOD. The study found that chlorophyll, protein and carbohydrate levels decreased when metal concentrations increased. Plants absorbed metals in proportion to the metal concentration, with Cr and Ni being absorbed more than Cd. The combination of two metals brought about both positive and negative effects which impacted how plants took up minerals and showed their physiological functions. They were grown in a hydroponic basket and watered with Hoagland's nutrient solution infused with heavy metal salt test solutions. Metal analysis was quantified using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, while related biochemical parameters were analysed using standard spectrophotometric methods (chlorophyll content, proline accumulation, phenol, flavonoid levels, and antioxidant activity). Statistical analysis was conducted to provide further information on the significant variations between different treatments with respect to the effects of the interactions between metals and their impact on plant physiology. The biochemical study revealed a substantial increase in activity of the antioxidant enzymes under metal stress during defence against oxidative damage. Growth parameters were significantly affected by metal impacts, with a 79% reduction in the highest impacted parameter. This study provides systematic comparisons of phytoremediation efficiency of Salvinia molesta under single-metal and binary-metal stress conditions. The research examines how chromium, nickel and cadmium affect plant growth, biochemical responses, plant defence systems and metal accumulation systems, which differs from most earlier research that studied single metal impacts. The results indicate that binary-metal exposure influences physiological stress responses, antioxidant defence mechanisms, and metal accumulation patterns differently from single-metal exposure, highlighting the importance of evaluating phytoremediation performance under multi-metal contamination conditions. The research provides new information about how plants restore multiple metals from contaminated environments while showing that S. molesta can effectively restore heavy-metal-polluted aquatic systems.\n\nID: 42402645\nTitle: Ligand selectivity and competitive adsorption of heavy metals using beta cyclodextrin-based metal organic framework and crosslinked polymers.\nAbstract: Considering the significant threats posed by heavy metals (HMs) to ecosystems and public health, the aim of the current study was the synthesis and characterization of \u03b2-cyclodextrin-based adsorbents, including citric acid crosslinked \u03b2CD (CA-\u03b2CD), adipic acid crosslinked \u03b2CD (AA-\u03b2CD), and \u03b2CD-based metal-organic framework (\u03b2CD-MOF), and evaluation of their efficacy in the removal of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+ ions. The synthesized polymers were analyzed by FTIR, XRD, SEM, BET, and zeta potential methods to assess their structural, morphological, and surface characteristics. In the multicomponent system (adsorbent dosage 1\u00a0g/L, initial metal concentration 100\u00a0mg/L, pH 6.0 at 25\u2103), \u03b2CD-MOF exhibited the highest removal efficiency, particularly for Cu2+ (~\u200980%), followed by Pb2+ (~\u200940%) and Cd2+ (~\u200920%), outperforming AA-\u03b2CD and CA-\u03b2CD. The preferential adsorption of copper is attributed to its smaller ionic radius and higher charge density, which enhance electrostatic interactions with polymer ligands. Single-component experiments using \u03b2CD-MOF (as optimal adsorbent, 3\u00a0g/L) revealed excellent removal efficiencies, Cd2+: 99.93%, Pb2+: 97.02%, Cu2+: 96.30%. Interestingly, while Cd2+ was most efficiently removed alone, despite its larger hydrated radius and higher pKa1, competitive adsorption favored Cu2+, indicating ligand selectivity shifts under mixed conditions. Equilibrium data were best fitted by the Langmuir model, with maximum single-state adsorption capacities of 142.85, 136.99, and 120.48\u00a0mg/g for Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+, respectively. The results of real water treatments demonstrated positive relationship between water hardness and Cd2+ removal efficiency using \u03b2CD-MOF adsorbents. These findings highlighted the role of \u03b2CD-MOF as a promising candidate for scalable water purification technologies.\n\nID: 42393418\nTitle: Design and functionalization of anthraquinone-modified graphene oxide as a high-performance recyclable adsorbent for selective removal of toxic heavy metals from aqueous systems.\nAbstract: In this study, a novel anthraquinone-based ligand, 2-(4-aminostyryl)quinolin-8-ol (AQ), was synthesized and covalently functionalized onto graphene oxide (GO) and graphite (G) to yield GO-AQ and G-AQ nanocomposite adsorbents for efficient heavy metal removal. Structural elucidation using 1H-NMR spectroscopy confirmed the successful formation of the AQ ligand, evidenced by characteristic aromatic, amine, vinylic, and hydroxyl proton signals, which verify its high structural integrity and purity. FTIR analysis revealed distinct vibrational features corresponding to aromatic, C-N, and N-H functionalities, confirming a strong chemical interaction between AQ and GO through amide formation and epoxide ring-opening reactions, whereas interaction with graphite was predominantly physisorptive. XRD and FE-SEM analyses demonstrated structural modifications including partial restacking, increased disorder, and successful ligand incorporation on the GO surface, supported by EDX elemental mapping showing a uniform distribution of C, O, and N atoms. BET analysis confirmed mesoporous characteristics, with GO-AQ exhibiting a higher surface area and porosity compared to G-AQ. Adsorption studies for Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions demonstrated that GO-AQ exhibits superior uptake capacities of 140\u00a0mg/g and 130\u00a0mg/g, respectively. The process was accurately modeled by the Langmuir isotherm (R2\u2009>\u20090.99), indicating a monolayer chemisorption mechanism. The adsorption performance was highly dependent on operational parameters, including pH, contact time, and initial metal concentration, with optimal removal achieved at pH 7 within 40\u00a0min. Furthermore, GO-AQ displayed excellent selectivity for multivalent heavy metal ions over lighter cations and retained over 98% of its adsorption efficiency after three consecutive regeneration cycles, confirming its reusability and structural integrity. Overall, the AQ-functionalized graphene oxide adsorbent presented herein represents a robust, high-performance, and sustainable material for the selective removal of toxic heavy metals from aqueous environments.\n\nID: 42390180\nTitle: Vinyl Ether Maleic Anhydride Copolymers: Efficient and Reusable Sorbents for Removing Heavy Metals from Water.\nAbstract: Vinyl ethermaleic anhydride (VEMA) copolymers were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization and hydrolyzed to generate dicarboxylate-functionalized adsorbents for heavy metal removal from water. The RAFT-synthesized copolymer had superior removal efficiencies compared to a conventional free-radical synthesized analogue, while maintaining adsorption performance over multiple cycles. The metals could be removed under batch and flow conditions. Competitive experiments demonstrated adsorption in the order: Cu(II) > Fe(III) > Ni(II) > Co(II) > Zn(II). The impact of pH and metal concentration was investigated. Overall, hydrolyzed VEMA copolymers are promising reusable adsorbents in water treatment applications.\n\nID: 42380444\nTitle: Graphene-based composites for heavy metal adsorption: a review on synthesis, mechanisms, and influencing factors.\nAbstract: Heavy metal contamination in aquatic ecosystems is a global concern due to its toxicity, persistence, and potential for bioaccumulation. Effective removal is therefore essential. Among other techniques, adsorption is the most reliable and prevalent method of water purification. Graphene-based adsorbents exhibit significant advantages, including high specific surface area, small particle size, excellent mechanical properties, abundant functional groups, and high adsorption efficiency, making them promising materials for heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions. This article reviews recent advances in graphene and its derivative composites for heavy metal adsorption. It discusses structural features, adsorption mechanisms, synthesis methods, and the historical development of these composites. Key factors influencing adsorption capacity-such as temperature, pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial metal concentration, organic ligands, and coexisting ions-are also examined. Additionally, adsorption thermodynamics and regeneration behavior are evaluated, and future research directions for practical applications are outlined.\n\nID: 42377620\nTitle: Integrating soil properties, remote sensing indices, and machine learning for predicting soil heavy metal concentrations in an industrial area.\nAbstract: Soil heavy metal contamination has become a serious environmental problem particularly in industrial areas. This study investigates the potential of integrating soil physiochemical parameters and remote sensing (RS) datasets with machine learning (ML) models including random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and support vector regression (SVR) to predict soil heavy metal concentrations. A total of 130 systematic soil samples were collected and analyzed for nine heavy metals (i.e., Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn) using ICP-MS, and fourteen different RS indices derived from Landsat 9 imagery. Among the ML models, RF and XGB revealed moderate performance, yielding the highest R2 values for Fe and Cd reaching 0.52 and 0.41, respectively, and the lowest RMSE (0.15 and 0.14), respectively, across several metals. While KNN and SVR demonstrated weaker performance, the KNN generating the lowest R2 value for Pb and Cr achieves 0.04 and 0.07, respectively. The underestimated and overestimated bias values among heavy metals were low ranged between -4.60 and 2.41%. Spatial prediction maps showed heterogenous contamination patterns throughout the study area and outlined hotspot zones across industrial region. The investigation suggests that ML models captured broad spatial contamination trends across the study area, although predictive performance varied among heavy metals. However, RS data alone cannot be used to predict heavy metal concentration. These findings offer valuable insights to inform environmental monitoring strategies and risk evaluation within industrial landscapes.\n\nID: 42371602\nTitle: Heavy Metal Concentration in Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla L.) Cultivated Along River Banks in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.\nAbstract: This study employed flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine the levels of selected heavy metals in Swiss chard. Samples were collected from three vicinities of Addis Ababa: Akaki, Sebeta, and Kotebe. A 0.5-g dried and powdered sample was analyzed using the wet digestion method with 69%-72% HNO3 and 70% HClO4, with optimized digestion. The calibration curves and coefficient (r) value were between 0.996 and 0.999, showing very good linearity. The accuracy of the optimized procedure was tested using samples that had a known amount of the substance added. The recovery percentages ranged from 95.89% to 100%, which is a good range. The mean concentrations (mg/kg) of nickel (0.017) and zinc (0.088) in the Swiss chard were determined . The mean concentrations of metals in Swiss chard from the three areas indicated a higher concentration of zinc in Kotebe compared to Akaki and Sebeta. A higher concentration of nickel (Ni) was found in Akaki's Swiss chard compared to Sebeta and Kotebe. The Pearson correlation coefficients of metals from the Swiss chard between nickel and zinc showed a very strong correlation. The best approach combines immediate risk reduction such as cleaner irrigation and consumer warnings, with long-term remediation such as soil treatment, pollution control, and policy enforcement to protect both farmers and consumers.\n\nID: 42361501\nTitle: Sublethal effects and bioaccumulation of \"smart\" anti-corrosion nanoadditives spiked in sediment in the ragworm Hediste diversicolor.\nAbstract: Metallic corrosion poses an economic problem worldwide and is often mitigated by adding corrosion inhibitors (CIs) to protective coatings. Conventional CIs, such as 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and benzotriazole (BTA), exhibit toxicity to aquatic biota, necessitating the development of eco-friendly alternatives. ZnAl layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been used to immobilize CIs, reducing their toxicity and providing long-term protection through controlled release. This study evaluated the toxicity of CIs (MBT, BTA, bio-based sodium gluconate, and sodium nitrite, NaNO2), their nanostructured forms (LDH-MBT, LDH-BTA, LDH-Gluconate, LDHNO2), and the base nanomaterial (LDHNO3). Adverse effects were assessed using the benthic polychaete Hediste diversicolor through a battery of biochemical biomarkers (AChE, LPO, CAT, and GST) and bioaccumulation analysis, coupled with the quantification of Al3+ and Zn2+ dissolution from the nanostructures in both aqueous and sedimentary compartments. Juveniles were individually exposed in spiked sediment at three concentrations (0.2, 2, 20 mg kg-1) for 10 days. Metal concentration in water did not differ significantly from the control levels. Conversely, there was a significant decrease in Al3+ and Zn2+ in the sediment in most treatments compared to the control, with the exception of Zn2+ at the highest LDH-Gluconate and LDH-BTA exposure levels. Biochemical biomarkers indicated neurotoxicity induced by MBT, LDH-MBT, LDH-BTA, and LDHNO3, with a decrease in AChE activity, despite no significant bioaccumulation. In contrast, the bio-based LDH-Gluconate and the bio-inspired LDHNO2 exhibited no significant toxicity, representing promising eco-friendly options for marine anticorrosive applications.\n\nID: 42354362\nTitle: Soy Whey Wastewater-Derived Sodium Alginate/Cellulose Composite Beads for Efficient Copper (II) Ion Adsorption: Performance and Mechanism.\nAbstract: A sustainable alginate-based composite adsorbent was developed by valorizing soy whey wastewater for the efficient removal of copper (II) ions from aqueous solutions. Soy whey wastewater/sodium alginate/cellulose (SWWSAC) beads were fabricated via a controlled slow-release calcium ion cross-linking strategy. This strategy resulted in homogeneous gelation, effective encapsulation of wastewater-derived organics and the formation of a hierarchical mesoporous structure. Compared with pure sodium alginate (SA) and sodium alginate-cellulose (SAC) beads, the SWWSAC beads exhibited a significantly higher specific surface area (3.95 m2/g) and pore volume (0.021 cm3/g), thus having markedly enhanced copper (II) ion adsorption performance. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrate that the adsorption process was strongly dependent on solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial metal concentration. Kinetic analysis indicates that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order model, while equilibrium data were well described by the Langmuir isotherm, corresponding to monolayer chemisorption. Based on this isotherm, SWWSAC beads had a theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of 168.3 mg/g (25 \u00b0C), 190.8 mg/g (35 \u00b0C), and 204.4 mg/g (45 \u00b0C). Thermodynamic results reveal that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. FTIR and XPS analyses confirm that copper (II) ion removal was governed by synergistic complexation involving carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, and protein-derived nitrogen-containing functional groups. Moreover, the SWWSAC beads had a copper (II) ion removal efficiency of (92.4 \u00b1 0.4)% and retained 73.3% of their initial adsorption capacity after six regeneration cycles in actual electroplating wastewater treatment. In this process, the beads exhibited good anti-interference performance against coexisting cations and good structural stability. Therefore, this work demonstrates an effective and low-cost strategy for copper (II) ion removal while providing a value-added route for the sustainable utilization of soy whey wastewater.\n\nID: 42346440\nTitle: A Multidisciplinary Review of Phytoremediation Strategies for Heavy Metal-Contaminated African Soils: From Geochemical Assessment to Genetic Enhancement.\nAbstract: African soils face increasing levels of metal pollution due to industrialization, artisanal mining activities, improper waste management, and enhanced agricultural productivity. However, unlike many organic pollutants, heavy metals do not degrade naturally and therefore persist in environmental systems for prolonged periods. Heavy metals accumulate over many decades in the soil and bioaccumulate through the food chain causing severe health complications such as cancer, kidney problems, and neurological impairment. This paper reviews the current literature on the origin, prevalence, and behavior of the main pollutants Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Hg, and Cu. The major phytoremediation methods including phytoextraction, rhizofiltration, phytostabilization, and phytovolatilization are highlighted alongside in planta screening methods for hyperaccumulating plants including Berkheya coddii (Ni) and Haumaniastrum robertii (Co). The paper evaluates various enhancement techniques such as the use of chelators, Rhizobium inoculations, and genetic modifications. The significance of these approaches in tropical and subtropical climates is discussed. The paper suggests a holistic framework involving empirical kinetic modeling, geospatial machine learning (random forest, kriging), and molecular omics in prediction modeling. Major hurdles in such predictions include lack of field-based verification of the models, biotechnology safety of genetically modified (GM) organisms, and inadequate regulations. Future perspectives emphasize community-driven phytomining, biomass recycling, and resilient phytoremediation solutions.\n\nID: 42331398\nTitle: Quantitation of E-Cigarette Aerosol Mass in Liquid Impinger Solution Using the 13C of E-Liquids: Application for Metal Analyses.\nAbstract: Liquid impingers, i.e., bubbling gaseous or aerosol samples through a liquid-based collection solution, are often used in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) research to capture aerosols for metal analysis. However, a key limitation is the accurate quantitation of the mass of aerosol collected in the impinger solution for metal data normalization, which is necessary for comparison with prevaped e-liquid metal concentrations and for comparison across studies. To address this gap, we developed a novel approach to quantitate collected aerosol mass in a simple liquid impinger by leveraging the carbon-13 (13C) of aerosolized e-liquids, which enabled the parallel determination of aerosol mass and metal concentration by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The method demonstrated low limits of detection and quantitation, excellent solution stability (\u22644 months), and high accuracy and precision across spiked quality control samples, diverse e-liquid formulations, and multiple aerosol collection techniques (84.4-101% recovery with \u22644.6% relative percent deviation). Compared with an aerosol condensate collection method, the liquid impinger was equally effective at collecting metals, with metal concentrations on a mass-per-puff (ng/puff) basis within \u223c7% for chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), antimony (Sb), and lead (Pb). Aerosol metal concentrations on a mass-per-mass basis (ng/g) quantified using the 13C-derived aerosol mass from the liquid impinger were strongly correlated with (R2 \u2265 0.97) but consistently greater than those from the condensate collection approach, due to differences in aerosol collection efficiency between methods. The liquid impinger enabled parallel aerosol mass and metal quantitation, offering a new approach for future e-cigarette aerosol studies, with potential application for investigations into future liquid impinger collection optimizations, e-liquid-to-aerosol metal transfer, and redox-sensitive speciation (e.g., Fe, Cu, Cr, Sb).\n\nID: 42295626\nTitle: Role of emergent macrophytes for phytoremediation of nutrients, heavy metals, and arsenic in constructed wetlands.\nAbstract: Nutrients, heavy metals (HMs), and arsenic (As) pollution in the environment increased sharply after the Industrial Revolution. At present, global anthropogenic sources of nutrients and HMs remarkably exceed the geogenic sources, perturbing environmental sustainability and human health. The ecological risk of deploying traditional chemical technologies underscores the need of fostering phyto-technologies as green approach for wastewater treatment. Nonetheless, knowledge is insufficient on sustainability paradigm of emergent macrophytes-driven phytoremediation in constructed wetlands (CWs). Macrophytes are equipped with unique physico-biochemical and molecular mechanisms associated with\u00a0oxidative stress tolerance and inorganic pollutants remediation. Therefore, the present review offers a panoramic view on the use of hyperaccumulator emergent macrophytes in CWs for nutrients, HMs, and As remediation. Further, the present discussion prioritizes the quest for bioprospecting emergent macrophytes in fostering up-scaled wastewater phytotechnologies. The results reveal the potential role of emergent macrophytes in phytoremediation of inorganic pollutants, including metal-based nano-scale particles. Phytostabilization is elucidated as major mechanism of phytoremediation to mitigate human health risks and eutrophication. Last, the limitations and prospects in emergent macrophytes-based phytotechnologies are discussed to help achieve \"United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals\" (UN-SDGs). In future prospects, biomass of emergent macrophytes can be coupled with \"Plant microbial Fuel cell\" (PMFC) for renewable energy and climate action, nurturing SDG 7 and SDG 13. Moreover, technoeconomic and life-cycle assessment of phytotechnology need to be abridged with \"Biorefinery and Circular Bioeconomy\" and \"Functionalized Biochar Carbon Composites\" to help achieve sustainable phytoremediation for timely accomplishment of multiple UN-SDGs.\n\nID: 42257385\nTitle: Thermal Conductivity Enhancement of Cu- and Ag-Decorated MWCNT Hybrid Nanofluids Synthesized via Probe Ultrasonication.\nAbstract: Hybrid Ag/MWCNT and Cu/MWCNT nanofluids were synthesized in ethylene glycol using a surfactant-free probe ultrasonication method and evaluated at ultralow solid concentration (0.001-0.01\u2009wt%). TEM analysis indicated decoration of MWCNTs with Ag and Cu nanoparticles, while Raman spectroscopy indicated defect-mediated interactions and structural perturbation of the functionalized MWCNT framework, as suggested by increased ID/IG ratios. UV-Vis spectra showed Ag/MWCNT and Cu/MWCNT plasmonic bands at 380-420 and 300-360\u2009nm, respectively, confirming dispersion in EG. At 0.001\u2009wt%, periodic UV-Vis/zeta-potential tests over 4 weeks indicated acceptable stability, with preserved spectra and negative \u03b6 values \u226530\u2009mV. Thermal conductivity measurements (20\u00b0C-70\u00b0C) revealed clear enhancement with temperature and metal concentration, reaching \u22485.5% for Ag/MWCNT-EG and \u22488% for Cu/MWCNT-EG at 0.01\u2009wt% and 70\u00b0C. The superior performance of Cu/MWCNT-EG is likely associated with stronger interfacial interactions between Cu and carboxylated MWCNTs, enabling more efficient phonon-electron heat transfer pathways. Compared with similar carbon-, metal-, and hybrid-based nanofluids commonly using \u22650.05-0.3\u2009wt%, this work achieves measurable thermal improvement at 0.001-0.01\u2009wt%, highlighting an effective, scalable, surfactant-free platform for designing stable, low-viscosity, high-performance heat transfer fluids for high heat flux heat exchangers, electronic cooling applications.\n\nID: 42255631\nTitle: Synthesis and Characterization of CoFe2O4-Mn3O4-TiO2 (TMC) Nanocomposite as an Efficient Adsorbent for Heavy Metal Removal.\nAbstract: Toxic heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium, and mercury pose serious environmental and health hazards due to their persistence and bioaccumulation in aquatic systems. In this study, a ternary metal oxide nanocomposite of CoFe2O4-Mn3O4-TiO2 (TMC) was synthesized by mixing individually prepared oxide precursors. The precursors were first synthesized separately via the coprecipitation method and subsequently mixed and thermally treated to obtain the final TMC nanocomposite. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, FTIR, TG-DSC, SEM-EDX, TEM, VSM, and BET analyses and evaluated for its effectiveness in heavy metal removal. The ternary metal oxide exhibited an average crystallite size of less than 100 nm. Magnetic characterization showed saturation magnetization (Ms) of 8.44 emu g-1, remanent magnetization (Mr) of 3.48 emu g-1, and coercivity (Hc) of 661.58 Oe, confirming its suitability for magnetic separation. With a BET surface area of 8.1 m2/g, it demonstrated remarkable heavy metal removal efficiencies following the order: Cr6+ (84%) > Pb2+ (81%) = Hg2+ (81%) > Cd2+ (72%) at a high metal concentration of 300 ppm, pH \u223c6.5 and temp 26 \u00b0C, establishing it as a promising candidate for wastewater remediation applications.\n\nID: 42243176\nTitle: Efficiency of mining rock wastes in the removal of toxic heavy metal ions (Pb\u00b2+, Cu\u00b2+, and Cd\u00b2+) from contaminated water solutions.\nAbstract: The Abu Tartur Plateau in the Western Desert of Egypt hosts the largest phosphate mining operation in the Middle East. Mining activities in this area generate several million tons annually of overburden waste materials, including carbonate, black shale, siltstone, glauconite, and sandstone. In the present study, phosphatic dolomite (PD) and black shale were collected from these mining wastes. Phosphatic dolomite, along with sodalite-based phosphatic dolomite (SBPD) synthesized from calcined phosphatic dolomite (CPD) and black shale, were evaluated as low-cost adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals (Pb\u00b2\u207a, Cu\u00b2\u207a, and Cd\u00b2\u207a) from synthetic wastewater. Heavy metal contamination, particularly by Cd, Pb, and Cu, represents a major global environmental challenge. Among the available remediation techniques, adsorption is widely considered one of the most effective approaches due to its environmental sustainability, economic feasibility, and operational simplicity. The materials (PD, CPD, and SBPD) were characterized by using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and BET surface area. Key adsorption parameters-including adsorbent dosage, pH, initial metal concentration, and contact time-were systematically investigated for Pb\u00b2\u207a, Cu\u00b2\u207a, and Cd\u00b2\u207a removal. The optimal adsorption performance for SBPD was achieved using a dosage of 0.2\u00a0g for Pb\u00b2\u207a and Cd\u00b2\u207a, whereas PD showed optimal removal efficiencies at 0.3\u00a0g for Pb\u00b2\u207a and 0.6\u00a0g for Cu\u00b2\u207a. Both adsorbents exhibited a preferential removal order of Pb\u00b2\u207a > Cu\u00b2\u207a > Cd\u00b2\u207a. Kinetic and isotherm models were applied to interpret the adsorption mechanisms. The results of the present study confirm that sodalite based phosphatic dolomite (SBPD) exhibited higher metal removal efficiency than unmodified phosphatic dolomite (PD).\n\nID: 42242531\nTitle: Unravelling the intricate effects of metal contamination on pathogen infection risk and fish health.\nAbstract: Metal contamination and pathogens often co-occur in freshwater ecosystems, yet their combined effects on wildlife health remain poorly understood. We investigated whether metal contamination modulates disease risk and fish health in brown trout (Salmo trutta, Linnaeus, 1758) exposed to the pathogen Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Canning, 1999), responsible for the Proliferative Kidney Disease (PKD). We sampled 40 wild trout populations along gradients of metal contamination (copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, lead) and pathogen infection in French Pyrenean rivers. Using Structural Equation Modelling, we tested how metal contamination was linked to pathogen pressure in the environment, pathogen load in fish (resistance), PKD symptoms (tolerance) and fish health biomarkers. We show that rivers with higher metal concentrations were negatively associated with bryozoan occurrence (the pathogen's final host), which was in turn associated with reduced pathogen pressure (pathogen spores in the water). In addition, metal concentration in fish tissue was associated with altered health biomarkers and pathogen load, depending on the metal considered. First, higher selenium concentrations in fish tissues were associated with increased pathogen load, suggesting low resistance to the pathogen. Second, higher arsenic concentrations in fish tissues were linked to increased PKD symptoms (kidney swelling and anaemia), suggesting reduced tolerance to the pathogen. Third, higher concentrations of cadmium in fish tissues were associated with reduced immune ratios, while copper was positively linked to genotoxic damage and energy depletion, resulting in lower body condition. In contrast, no clear relationship was observed between lead and fish health. Overall, our findings suggest that metal contamination could affect disease risk through direct effects on pathogen pressure in the environment, and through indirect effects on fish resistance/tolerance to the pathogen through metal-specific physiological pathways. By simultaneously considering pathogen pressure and multiple health biomarkers under natural conditions, this study highlights how co-occurring stressors could shape fish-pathogen interactions.\n\nID: 42230368\nTitle: Comparative Performance of Different Plants as Phytoremediators for Heavy Metals Released by Varying Density Road Traffic in District Malakand, Pakistan.\nAbstract: Heavy metals released by traffic pollution significantly harm plant and animal health. This research aimed to determine how well different plant species can perform phytoremediation along roadsides with varying levels of traffic. Samples from 18 different native plants, along with soil and water, were collected at four locations with varying traffic intensities, identified as low (L1), moderate (L2), high (L3), and very high (L4), and tested for their phytoremediation capabilities for Pb, Cd, Ni, and Zn. For all samples, the concentration of heavy metals increased with increasing road traffic from low (L1) to very high (L4). The maximum heavy metal concentration (111.67, 7.41, 95.12 and 10.47\u00a0mg kg-1), bioaccumulation factor (1.18, 6.18, 1.09 and 1.32), and translocation factor (0.986, 0.973, 0.989 and 1.102) for Zn, Cd, Pb, and Ni were observed for plant species Dodonaea viscosa, Cyprus rotundus, Verbesina encelioides, and Cynodon dactylon, respectively. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the species Verbesina encelioides, Cyprus rotundus, Cynodon dactylon, and Dodonaea viscosa are efficient phytoremediators for Pb, Cd, Ni, and Zn toxicity, respectively. Hence, these are recommended for phytoremediation of roadside soils polluted by vehicular emissions in ecological conditions similar to those of District Malakand.\n\nID: 42225656\nTitle: Machine learning based prediction of diesel engine emissions and performance using hemp biodiesel enriched with nano additives.\nAbstract: The present study was focused on the experimental and machine learning approach to evaluate the diesel engine parameters behavior with hemp biodiesel blends enriched with nano additives (Al2O3, TiO2 and MWCNT's) at different loads. The Hemp biodiesel was characterized by using FTIR and GC-MS analysis. The nano additives were examined through a SEM and XRD analysis for identifying the morphological structure and crystalline phases. The experimental results revealed that HMBD20\u2009+\u2009MWCN100 fuel shows higher BTE (5.60%) and lower BSFC (18.58%) compared to HMBD20 fuel. The CO and HC pollutants for HMBD20\u2009+\u2009TINP100 fuel were diminished by 22.24% and 16.12% but NOx emissions were enhanced by 13.7% than HMBD20 fuel at peak load. For predictive modelling, Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were employed using the engine load and fuel type as input features. The DT model exhibits a higher prediction accuracy of R2 0.9899 & 0.998 and lowest RMSE of 1.085 & 0.0264 for BTE and BSFC data. The greater accuracy of R2 of 0.9865, 0.9899 and 0.9975 were achieved by DT model for CO, HC and Smoke emissions but NOx emissions were predicted by 0.9997 by using ANN model. The optimal condition was recorded for HMBD20\u2009+\u2009100 ppm MWCNT fuel at 75% load, achieving BTE (32.56%), BSFC (0.30\u00a0kg/kWhr), CO (0.12%), HC (42 ppm), NOx (980 ppm), Smoke opacity (35.2 HSU) and CO2 (7.48%) which confirms the strong potential of nano additive hemp biodiesel for efficient and cleaner operation of a diesel engine.\n\nID: 42215551\nTitle: Preparation and characterization of natural gum nanomuscovite nanocomposite for removal of heavy metals.\nAbstract: A common technique to boost the adsorption capability of adsorbent material's is to alter its composition. In this study, novel nanomuscovite / Arabic gum nanocomposite was synthesized to increase heavy metals adsorption capacity of nanomuscovite. The nanocomposite was fabricated using freeze-drying precipitation by loading gum Arabic (GA) on muscovite nanoparticle. Arabic gum particle was loaded into nanomuscovite with ratios 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 by weight. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and BET specific surface area. The effects of various parameters (pH, solution temperature, composite dose, contact time, and metal concentrations) on adsorption capacity of Cd and Pb were studied. Four surface adsorption models were used, including Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Temkin, and Freundlich models. The kinetics adsorption of Cd and Pb on the adsorbent surface was investigated using the pseudo first order, pseudo second order, intraparticle diffusion, and Elovich models. It was reported that nanocomposite prepared with a 2:1 w ratio of Arabic gum to nanomuscovite exhibited higher Cd and Pb removal than with the others. Additionally, the maximum Cd and Pb adsorption efficiencies (45.9, 38.01 mgg-1, respectively) and high removal percentage (95% and 96%, respectively) were achieved at pH 7, 0.1\u00a0g adsorbent dosage, 75 ppm metal concentration, 25\u00a0\u00b0C solution temperature, and 60\u00a0min shaking time. The adsorption of these metals followed the Langmuir model, while the kinetics information fits a pseudo-second order. Thermodynamic calculation of Pb and Cd ion interactions indicate that the reaction is exothermic, as evidenced by the negative free energy \u0394G\u00b0 value, which suggests that the process occurs spontaneously.\n\nID: 42198908\nTitle: Phytogenic Self-Conducting Flash Joule Heating Converts Rare-Earth Hyperaccumulator Biomass into Graphene Composites with Minimized Life-Cycle Impacts.\nAbstract: Rare-earth elements (REEs) are essential to clean-energy technologies, yet their extraction remains energy intensive and environmentally damaging. Although REE hyperaccumulator plants offer sustainable bioresource, their conversion into functional materials is inefficient and poorly developed. Here, we report a feedstock-customized phytogenic self-conducting flash Joule heating (PSC-FJH) strategy that directly converts REE hyperaccumulator plants into CeO2-graphene electrocatalysts within seconds, without external conductive additives or energy-intensive pretreatment. The low-temperature FJH (\u223c600 \u00b0C, 1.4 s) first forms conductive biochar, enabling subsequent high-temperature FJH (\u223c2600 \u00b0C, 0.4 s) that induces graphene formation and simultaneous in situ oxidation of endogenous Ce to uniformly dispersed CeO2 particles. The resulting CeO2-graphene exhibits oxygen reduction reaction activity, surpassing that of commercial carbon black. Life-cycle assessment shows that PSC-FJH reduces energy consumption by over 70% compared with conventional graphitization processes. This work integrates ecological phytomining with ultrafast carbon conversion to upgrade REE hyperaccumulator plants into high-value catalytic materials.\n\nID: 42174006\nTitle: Sustainable utilization of biochar and compost using chicken excreta and groundnut shell to enhance soil nutrients and plants growth in Northeast, Nigeria.\nAbstract: Biochar has improved soil fertility and crop productivity in various agricultural and industrial activities. This study assesses the application and characterization of biochar and compost derived from chicken excreta (CEB) and groundnut shells (GSB), evaluating their potential to enhance soil nutrient content and support sustainable agriculture. Collected samples were analyzed for proximate, heavy metals, and physicochemical parameters using FTIR and AAS. Results were analyzed using descriptive and two-way ANOVA statistical analysis for SPSS, and were compared with the WHO and USEPA set standards for soil quality. The obtained results for CEB, GSB and CP gave mean values (%) ranging from 1.13\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01-3.53\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01 for moisture content, volatile matter (2.10\u2009\u00b1\u20090.10-46.01\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01), ash content (6.18\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01-11.50\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05) and fixed carbon (46.77\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01-85.33\u2009\u00b1\u20090.00) for proximate analysis, physicochemical parameters gave 8.45\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01-9.35\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01 for pH, cation exchange capacity (5.33\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01-6.33\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01%) and organic carbon (5.97\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01-6.26\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01%), heavy metals gave 0.00\u00b10.00-20.72\u00b10.00\u00a0mg/kg for Zn, Cr, Pb and Cd for CP, CEB and GSB, and were significantly different at (p\u2009<\u20090.05). Results obtained were below the set standards by the WHO and USEPA for heavy metal concentration in soil for plant growth. The results demonstrated distinct properties of biochar derived from chicken excreta, groundnut shell, and composted biomass. Biochar exhibited lower moisture and volatile matter, and higher fixed carbon content, indicating its stability and suitability for long-term storage, suggesting its potential for carbon sequestration. In conclusion, essential mineral content (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, and Magnesium) found in biochar and compost highlighted their potential to improve soil fertility, thereby providing a sustainable alternative to synthetic fertilizers in agricultural applications.\n\nID: 42159679\nTitle: Investigating the phytohormone-antioxidant interplay mediated by soil amendments and Trichoderma harzianum for enhanced cadmium remediation in Cosmos bipinnatus and Amorpha fruticosa.\nAbstract: Heavy metal contamination, particularly cadmium, poses a significant threat to plant health and agricultural productivity. While phytohormones modulate stress responses, the combined effects of chemical amendments and beneficial microbes on this regulatory network remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the integrated application of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, fertilizers, and Trichoderma harzianum T22 inoculation to mitigate cadmium toxicity in Cosmos bipinnatus and Amorpha fruticosa. The combined treatment significantly improved soil properties, increasing pH from 4.32 to 6.55 and organic matter by 150%, while reducing soil cadmium bioavailability by 74.9%. Plant growth was enhanced, with height increasing by 31% in C. bipinnatus and 29% in A. fruticosa. The amendments restricted cadmium translocation to shoots by up to 68% and boosted photosynthetic efficiency, elevating chlorophyll content by 102% and photosynthetic rate by 102.1%. Phytohormonal analysis revealed up to a 100% increase in jasmonic acid and indole-3-acetic acid, supported by the upregulation of associated biosynthetic and transporter genes. Antioxidant defense systems were strengthened, with activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase increasing by 98% and 105%, respectively, and levels of glutathione and proline rising by 89% and 127%. Furthermore, the treatment promoted a beneficial shift in the rhizosphere microbial community. These results demonstrate that the synergistic strategy effectively enhances plant resilience and cadmium remediation by activating interconnected physiological and molecular pathways. This approach presents a sustainable model for rehabilitating contaminated soils, with promising potential for field-scale application and integration with other phytotechnologies. This study is the first to comprehensively assess the combined effects of chemical amendments (EDTA and fertilizers) and microbial inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum on soil remediation and stress tolerance mechanisms in Cosmos bipinnatus and Amorpha fruticosa grown in cadmium-contaminated soil. By integrating soil physicochemical analyses, plant physiological assessments, phytohormone quantification, gene expression profiling, antioxidant enzyme activities, modulation of rhizosphere microbial communities, and metabolomic profiling, the research provides novel mechanistic insights into how these treatments collectively enhance phytoremediation efficiency and plant resilience. Unlike prior studies that focused on single-factor interventions, this work elucidates the complex interplay between phytohormone signaling and microbial dynamics in mediating heavy metal detoxification, thereby advancing sustainable phytotechnology applications for the management of contaminated soil.\n\nID: 42147290\nTitle: Functional and taxonomic shifts in rhizosphere microbiomes of summer legume cover crops.\nAbstract: Legume cover crops are increasingly incorporated into sustainable production systems, yet their influence on rhizosphere microbial communities remains poorly characterized, particularly for underutilized warm-season species. In this study, we investigated rhizosphere bacterial communities associated with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius), and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) in an organic production system using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and compared them with fallow soils. All legume species were associated with shifts in bacterial community composition relative to fallow soil, with increased relative abundance of copiotrophic taxa such as Proteobacteria, while fallow soils were dominated by oligotrophic groups within Actinobacteriota. Distinct species-specific recruitment patterns were observed: tepary bean rhizospheres showed higher relative abundance of Rhizobiales, associated with taxa involved in biological nitrogen fixation, whereas cowpea and sunn hemp supported bacterial groups linked to organic matter turnover and plant growth. Weighted UniFrac analyses indicated clear separation between cover-cropped and fallow soils, accounting for approximately 54% of community variation. Functional predictions using PICRUSt2 suggested representation of pathways related to central carbon metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and siderophore production under legume rhizospheres. Predicted pathways associated with nitrogen metabolism also tended to be more represented under cover crops, although no pathways remained significant after false discovery rate correction. Overall, these findings indicate that summer legume cover crops are associated with shifts in rhizosphere bacterial communities and predicted functional potential relative to fallow soils. These findings highlight the potential of species selection in shaping rhizosphere microbial communities in organic production systems and provide a foundation for future studies investigating microbial processes associated with cover cropping.\n\nID: 42141245\nTitle: Metal-Driven Biochemical and Physiological Stress in Fish Inhabiting an Urban Coastal Lagoon: Evidence from an Integrated Multibiomarker Approach.\nAbstract: Urban coastal lagoons are heavily impacted by untreated sewage, industrial effluents and diffuse pollution, heightening ecotoxicological risks. Herein, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was employed as a sentinel species concerning metal exposure at the Jacarepagu\u00e1 Lagoon Complex (JLC), a critical case of ecological degradation under intense anthropogenic pressure in Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil. Samplings were conducted between 2022 and 2023 during the dry (autumn-winter) and rainy (spring-summer) seasons. Organosomatic indices and total (muscle) and subcellular (liver and muscle) metal levels were determined. Antioxidant system alterations were evaluated through superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and metallothionein (MT) assessments. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonylation (PTC) levels were also determined as oxidative effect markers, while vitellogenin (VTG) was used as an estrogenic effect indicator. Arsenic (0.018-0.033\u00a0mg L\u207b\u00b9), Mn (0.041-0.050\u00a0mg L\u207b\u00b9), Rb (0.019-0.023\u00a0mg L\u207b\u00b9), and V (0.008-0.010\u00a0mg L\u207b\u00b9) were detected in water samples in both sampling seasons; while Fe was detected only in the dry season (0.023\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03\u00a0mg L\u207b\u00b9). Subcellular As, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Ti, V, and Zn were quantified in both liver and muscle, albeit with no significant differences between seasons or sexes. Seasonal variations were noted for male VTG, although not statistically significant, with attenuation of sexual VTG differences from the dry (M/F\u2009=\u20090.67) to the rainy season (M/F\u2009=\u20091.20). The multibiomarker approach applied to wild tilapia under diffuse urban pollution indicates mild sublethal effects while highlighting the need for expanded, integrated monitoring of additional endocrine and oxidative biomarkers. Although centered on a specific lagoon complex system, these mechanisms recur in urban lagoons worldwide, indicating the need for consumption-risk evaluations and actionable remediation/management frameworks.\n\nID: 42140042\nTitle: Metal concentration in biological samples of shipyard welders: a scoping review.\nAbstract: Welding fumes are an unavoidable by-product of welding processes and have been associated with various adverse health effects. In the shipbuilding industry, welders are potentially exposed to large amounts of welding fumes containing various metal species. For the assessment of health risks human biomonitoring (HBM) constitutes a valuable tool determining the actual internal exposure to the metal content. This review aims to provide an overview of the current HBM data on the internal metal burden of shipyard welders, including associations with 1) ambient monitoring (AM) data, 2) welding processes, and 3) an assessment of health risks for welders based on reported HBM results. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for HBM studies providing metal concentrations in biological samples from shipyard welders. Study characteristics, AM and HBM results, and welding processes were extracted. Twenty-two studies were included in this review. Overall, sixteen metals were quantified in biological samples, with manganese, nickel and chromium being the most frequently analysed. In welders, metal concentrations were 1.02 to 20.6 times higher than in controls for 81 % of the HBM data, with a statistically significant difference observed in 33 % of cases. Weak associations were found between metal levels and AM results or welding processes. The limitations of using occupational exposure limits for risk assessment were discussed. Prospective studies with a harmonised design are needed to elucidate causal relationships between welding fume exposure and systemic metal burden, and to facilitate an accurate assessment of the resulting health risks.\n\nID: 42118791\nTitle: Strength and leaching characteristics of stabilized ionic rare earth tailings by microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation.\nAbstract: Ion-adsorbed rare earth mining generates extensive tailings sites with compromised structural integrity and heavy metal contamination. This study employed microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) with Sporosarcina pasteurii to solidify and stabilize ion-adsorbed rare-earth tailings. The effects of treatment method, cementation solution (CS) concentration, and heavy metal contamination level on strength characteristics and heavy metal leaching behavior were investigated. Results showed that the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of samples treated by cyclic grout immersion correlated positively with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content, reaching a maximum of 770 kPa at 1.00\u2009mol/L CS. Surface CaCO3 content increased with heavy metal concentration, while average CaCO3 content initially increased, then decreased with rising CS concentration. MICP treatment significantly reduced heavy metal leaching. For tailings with initial heavy metal concentrations below 500\u2009mg/kg, leaching concentrations were suppressed below 5\u2009mg/L across all CS concentrations tested. Microstructural analysis revealed that amorphous aggregates composed of calcite, heavy metals, and carbonate coprecipitates served as the primary cementing phase, with heavy metal stabilization achieved through precipitation, adsorption, and CaCO3 encapsulation. These findings demonstrate that MICP technology effectively enhances the mechanical strength of rare earth tailings while immobilizing heavy metals, offering a promising approach for tailings remediation. Further research is needed to address scalability, long-term durability, and performance variability across different tailings types.\n\nID: 42109017\nTitle: Assessing the relationship between technical efficiency and net carbon balance in industrial hemp production systems in Turkey.\nAbstract: With the encouragement of international climate agreements, scientific and economic communities are increasingly seeking innovative strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to determine the net carbon balance of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) production systems, assess the technical efficiency of hemp farms, and examine the relationship between farm efficiency and carbon emissions. Primary data were collected through face-to-face surveys with 49 industrial hemp farms in Samsun province, the leading hemp-producing region of Turkey. Carbon equivalent emissions were calculated using crop-specific emission coefficients. Data envelopment analysis was employed to identify technically efficient and inefficient farms under industrial hemp seed and hemp fiber production systems. The results indicate that hemp absorbs approximately 16 times more carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere than it emits. One tonne of industrial hemp production was found to reduce 1.83 tonnes of CO2, confirming hemp as a net carbon remover. The net carbon balance of technically efficient farms was 39% higher than that of inefficient farms. Efficient farms absorbed an average of 21.56 tCO2, compared to 15.49 tCO2 for inefficient farms. The simulation results show that if inefficient farms improve their efficiency through input control, the net carbon balance could increase by 5.61 tCO2 per farm, corresponding to a total increase of 196 tCO2. Overall, industrial hemp production systems provide significant climate-regulation ecosystem services, with higher efficiency levels substantially enhancing carbon sequestration performance. Climate change is driven by greenhouse gas emissions from human activities, including agriculture. Identifying farming systems that can both produce crops and reduce carbon emissions is increasingly important. This study examines hemp farming in Turkey to understand its carbon balance and climate benefits. We analyzed data from hemp farms to compare carbon emissions and carbon absorption and to see whether more efficient farms provide greater environmental benefits. The results show that hemp absorbs much more carbon dioxide than it releases, making it a net carbon remover. Efficient hemp farms absorbed significantly more carbon than inefficient farms. Improving farm efficiency further increased carbon absorption. These findings show that hemp farming can support climate change mitigation and that efficient agricultural practices play a key role in strengthening climate\u2010related ecosystem services.\n\nID: 42106413\nTitle: Eco friendly obtained zirconium oxide crystals for efficient separation of rare earth elements from acidic media.\nAbstract: This study examined synthesis of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) using a straightforward green synthesis method and its application for preferential adsorption of La3+, Eu3+, and Sm3+, demonstrating a low-cost and environmentally friendly approach. Several analytical techniques were employed to characterize (ZrO2) specifically, XRD, TGA-DTA, SEM-EDX, and FTIR. Through batch mode experiments, the effectiveness of ZrO2 to adsorb Eu\u00b3\u207a, La\u00b3\u207a, and Sm\u00b3\u207a ions was rigorously evaluated. The ideal conditions for lanthanides removal were determined by carefully controlling and optimizing key adsorption factors, including reaction temperature, starting metal concentration, adsorbent mass, contact time, and solution pH. Furthermore, pH 3.5, contact duration of 240.0\u00a0min, adsorbent weight of 0.05\u00a0g, and starting concentration of\u00a0100\u00a0mg/L are the optimal conditions for removing La3+, Eu3+, and Sm3+ ions onto ZrO2. Kinetic modeling revealed that the results were most accurately represented by the pseudo-second-order model, which provided the most accurate for characterizing the adsorption procedure. The obtained data exhibited a resilient correlation to Langmuir and Freundlih models. The thermodynamic analysis further showed that La3+, Eu3+, and Sm3+ adsorbed spontaneously and endothermically on ZrO2. Reusability assessments demonstrated the adsorbent's efficacy over five regeneration cycles. Thus, the promising affinity of ZrO2 for preferential adsorption of La3+, Eu3+ and Sm3+ ions from acidic media is useful.\n\nID: 42082743\nTitle: Chemical characterisation and health implications of atmospheric particulate matter In Ghana's mining hub of Tarkwa.\nAbstract: It has now been established that the chemical composition of Particulate Matter (PM) is essential for predicting its associated health endpoints. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the chemical composition and associated health risk of atmospheric particulate matter in the mining city of Tarkwa, Ghana. Total suspended particles (TSP) and PM10 were monitored biweekly for one year using miniVol air samplers for three communities within Tarkwa. The exposed filter samples were divided into two parts and chemically characterised using Scanning Electron Microscope - Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) for elemental particle analysis, and ICP-MS for metal analysis. The risk of non-carcinogenic health impact in the exposed population was computed using the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), while Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF) was applied for source identification. The recorded mean TSP mass concentrations for monitoring sites Abekoase (AK), Nsuta (NV), and Tarkwa Banso (TN) were 27.74, 157, and 163\u00a0\u00b5g/m3, respectively. PM10 mean concentrations were 23.8, 70.85 and 78.64\u00a0\u00b5g/m3 for AK, NV and TN, respectively. The SEM-EDX analysis revealed particles rich in Si, Al, Na, Zn, Fe, Ca, K, F, O, Mn, and C, with varied mass percentage abundance pointing to Aluminosilicates, Aluminosilicates-soot and likely psilomelane for both TSP and PM10. Varied Metal concentrations in decreasing order of Al\u2009>\u2009Zn\u2009>\u2009Mg\u2009>\u2009Fe\u2009>\u2009Si\u2009>\u2009Mn were recorded for TN and NV, while a decreasing order of Mg\u2009>\u2009Al\u2009>\u2009Zn\u2009>\u2009Si\u2009>\u2009Fe\u2009>\u2009Mn was recorded for AK. The dry season recorded higher PM-bound metal concentration than the wet season. The metallic concentrations of Fe, Si, Mg and Zn corresponded to a THQ of below unity for both children and adults. However, the estimated THQs for Al and Mn ranged from 2.22 to 19.44 and from 2.64 to 21.78, indicating an adverse health impact on the exposed population. The major PM emission sources were identified as crustal dust, traffic sources and industrial/mining activities. This study establishes a baseline for the study area by providing critical insight into PM pollution, its sources, associated health impacts and priority areas for management intervention. Future investigations of PM chemical composition should extend beyond elemental analysis to include water-soluble fractions, mineralogical characteristics and mechanism of action, particularly in relation to human health, to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of PM properties and behaviour.\n\nID: 42022969\nTitle: A novel electrochemical separation process using a polypropylene-supported membrane for simultaneous removal of nickel and manganese.\nAbstract: This study explores the implementation of an electromembrane extraction (EME) system to remove heavy metals (nickel and manganese) from aqueous solutions. Using a unique electrochemical cell design with a graphite anode, a stainless-steel cathode, and a supported liquid membrane (SLM), this study examines the effect of several factors, such as carrier choice (DEHP or TEHP), applied voltage (30-60 V), pH (3-8), and metal concentration (5-30 mg L-1), on the removal efficiency of each metal. Results show that the DEHP carrier achieved higher extraction efficiency than TEHP under all operating conditions. The applied voltage significantly enhanced the removal efficiency of each metal using the membrane. The optimal operating conditions were a voltage of 60 V, an initial pH of 6, an initial metal concentration of 15 mg L-1, and an extraction time of 5 hours. Remarkably, under these optimized conditions, impressive removal efficiencies were achieved for each heavy metal: 84% for Ni and 71% for Mn. The FESEM and AFM results of the membrane showed a relatively homogeneous surface structure with clear porosity and low roughness, indicating the integrity of the membrane and that it is not affected by the initial treatment. After the immersion of the membrane in the DEHP carrier, a marked change in the topography of its surface was observed in the form of increased roughness and partial fullness of pores, confirming the successful fixation of the carrier and the effectiveness of the membrane in the extraction process. The results confirm that the EME technique using the SLM is an effective way to extract heavy metals from water within the optimum mentioned operational condition.\n\nID: 42233680\nTitle: Metabolic diversity of Ferrovaceae and potential contributions to iron oxidation.\nAbstract: Active and abandoned metal and coal mines generate acidic, metal-laden water that pollutes downstream areas, commonly referred to as acid mine drainage (AMD). AMD is host to microbial communities, including acidophilic iron oxidizers. Microbially mediated iron oxidation is a desirable (bio)remediation strategy for AMD. Ferrovaceae are Fe-oxidizing bacteria observed in AMD globally and thus could be an asset for bioremediation strategies. To better understand the potential for Ferrovaceae to contribute to AMD bioremediation, we analyzed 240 genomes and metagenome-assembled genomes from Ferrovaceae, including sequences from AMD sites with high iron oxidation rates. Based on our analyses, the phylogenetic and physiological diversity of this group is greater than previously known. We found that while all taxa are likely capable of iron oxidation using a cyc-2 like protein, some may also be capable of iron oxidation using an Mto-like protein. We also identified Ferrovaceae that are likely capable of anoxygenic phototrophy. Our findings indicate that multiple Ferrovaceae populations co-occur and suggest that differences in physiology may promote niche differentiation along resource axes. Physiologically diverse iron oxidizer communities could support a more resilient microbial community, resulting in higher iron oxidation rates and potentially more efficient bioremediation, and thus our results also indicate that future studies that link taxonomy with iron oxidation activity are warranted.IMPORTANCEAcid mine drainage (AMD) pollutes watersheds worldwide. Microbial communities can be leveraged to improve AMD bioremediation because they drive biogeochemical processes in these ecosystems. In AMD streams, iron-oxidizing microbial populations remove iron from the AMD effluent by precipitating iron oxides, which absorb other metals. These communities vary across sites and differ in how rapidly they oxidize iron. The factors that contribute to iron oxidation rates are not well understood, making it difficult to design effective bioremediation strategies. Ferrovaceae populations are widespread in AMD globally, including in sites with exceptionally high rates of iron oxidation. To examine the potential for Ferrovaceae to be key components of bioremediation strategies, we examined the genomic content and functional potential of Ferrovaceae in publicly available metagenomic data sets. Our analysis uncovered several new species of Ferrovaceae as well as an expanded metabolic potential for this group. Comparative genomics suggests that functional diversity leads to co-occurrence of multiple Ferrovaceae species at the same sites. The presence of multiple iron-oxidizing taxa with distinct physiology could be beneficial for bioremediation strategies.\n\nID: 42087802\nTitle: Nano-Enabled Zooremediation of Antibiotic Resistance Genes via Interfacial DNA Capture and Stimulated Nuclease Secretion.\nAbstract: Harnessing deoxyribonucleases (DNases) for biodegrading antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) provides an eco-compatible approach to control antimicrobial resistance; however, translation to high-efficiency removal is hindered by limited access to ARGs and receptor-gated enzyme secretion. Herein, a nano-zoo composite was established for ARG remediation using nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) and worms (Tubifex tubifex). The optimized composite removed extracellular ARGs from 108 to 102 copies/L (99.9999% efficiency) within 72 h in laboratory microcosms and wastewaters, significantly suppressing horizontal gene transfer. Mechanistically, oxidative phase transformation of nZVI enhances inner-sphere Fe-O-P bonding to the DNA phosphate backbone, concentrating ARGs at the interface and promoting fragmentation. Transcript and protein assays demonstrate that ARG fragments activate Toll-like receptor signaling, thereby triggering a 5.71-fold increase in DNase II exocytosis. These findings support a hybrid nano-bio remediation strategy that couples interfacial capture with endogenous nuclease action, providing a scalable route to control emerging genetic pollutants in aquatic systems.\n\nID: 42062625\nTitle: Influence of Simulated Saline Alkaline Conditions on Soil Bacterial Community and Isolations.\nAbstract: Saline-alkaline ions including Na+, Cl-, HCO3-, and CO32- etc., adversely impact agricultural production by decreasing soil adaptability and function of microbial communities. Until now, most of the studies regarding salinity were mainly focused on sodium chloride and sodium sulfate, seldom concerning the actual saline-alkaline soil conditions. In the current study, we collected saline-alkaline soil samples from three different habitats, and employed six simulated saline-alkaline conditions (encompassing sulfate-type, chloride-type, and soda-type) to enrich soil bacterial communities. Using high-throughput sequencing, we characterized the composition of bacterial communities under distinct enrichment conditions, and isolated strains from the respective soil environments via the single-colony isolation method. The results showed that, regardless of soil sources, bacterial community diversity decreased significantly under conditions where pH\u2009\u2265\u20099.0 and total salinity\u2009\u2265\u20096.0%. Among all tested factors, pH and carbonate ions were the most impactful in shaping bacterial community composition, followed by sodium chloride. This suggests that soda-type saline-alkaline soils exerted the strongest influence on microbial communities. Furthermore, specific microbial taxa responded differently to salt ion compositions. For example, Bacillus and Woeseia genus were positively associated with water-soluble chloride and sodium ions. Additionally, the keystone taxa among the enriched halotolerant bacterial isolates included Bacillus, Halomonas, Clostridioides, Pseudoalteromonas, Zobellella, and Alkaliphilus genus. From sulfate-type saline-alkaline soils, a greater number of bacterial isolates were recovered; however, no isolates could be enriched under condition 6 (pH 10, NaCl 10\u00a0g/L, Na2SO4 5\u00a0g/L, Na2CO3 5\u00a0g/L, salinity 2.0%). These results provided theoretical foundation and potential application guidance for the bio-remediation of saline-alkaline soils.\n\nID: 41952362\nTitle: Cannabis Products and Contaminant Detection: Critical Review of Regulatory Oversight and Analytical Methodologies.\nAbstract: Cannabis legalization and consumption in the United States have accelerated over the past decade, resulting in a rapidly diversifying marketplace of medical and adult-use products. As of 2025, medical cannabis is permitted in 47 states, while adult-use markets are authorized in 24 states and the District of Columbia. This expansion underscores the urgent need for robust and consistent safety testing to ensure consumer protection. Despite federal prohibition, states have independently developed their own regulatory frameworks for contaminant testing, leading to wide variability in allowable limits, analyte lists, and method validation requirements. This review critically compares contaminant regulations across U.S. adult-use jurisdictions and evaluates analytical methodologies published between 2020 and 2025 for four major hazard categories: heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, and residual solvents. Emphasis is placed on sample preparation strategies, analytical instrumentation, and method performance parameters relevant to complex cannabis matrices such as flower, concentrates, and infused products. Sample preparation approaches are tailored to matrix complexity and frequently utilize Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction followed by dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE). Cartridge SPE is commonly applied for enhanced cleanup, and immunoaffinity columns is used for selective isolation of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A. Instrumental analysis typically relies on Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for trace metals, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) for pesticide and mycotoxin detection, and headspace GC with flame ionization detection or GC-MS for residual solvent quantification. Although current methodologies provide sensitive and reliable detection, inconsistencies in regulatory oversight across jurisdictions limit data comparability and complicate interstate commerce. Establishing harmonized performance criteria, standardized reporting units, and national proficiency testing programs would improve method reliability and consumer confidence. Continued innovation in sample preparation and validated multi-residue methods will be critical as product diversity and testing demands continue to expand.\n=======================================================\n\n### [CUSTOM DATAPOINTS]\nCRITICAL EXTRACTION DIRECTIVE: You MUST extract the following custom datapoints as root-level key/value pairs inside your final JSON block:\n- \"suggested_experiments\": generate 1-3 suggested experiments\n- \"suggested_studies\": generate 1-3 suggested studies\n- \"swansons_literature_based_discovery_candidates\": You are an advanced Literature-Based Discovery (LBD) system executing Swanson\u2019s complementary-but-disjoint (A-B-C) model. Your goal is to find hidden, unpublished connections across the provided dataset. Strict Discovery Protocol: 1. Identify distinct, isolated sub-literatures (Domain A and Domain C) within the dataset that share NO direct citations, co-mentions, or common contextual paragraphs. 2. Find an intermediate biological mechanism, protein, path, or entity (Bridge B) that appears independently in both isolated domains (A-to-B and B-to-C). 3. Synthesize a novel, unstated hypothesis (A-to-C). Negative Constraint (Crucial): DO NOT output any connection if the relationship between Concept A and Concept C is explicitly mentioned, paired, or summarized anywhere in the source text. If a connection (like \"OMN resilience to SMN stabilization\") is already explicitly stated or grouped as a concept in the data, it is considered \"already known\" and must be disqualified. Format your output exactly as follows: - Discovered Hypothesis (A to C): [Clear, novel statement] - Literature A (Origin): [Entity/Concept and source context] - Literature C (Target): [Entity/Concept and source context] - The Intersecting Bridge B: [The shared mechanism/protein linking them] - Biological Rationale: [1-2 sentences explaining why this hidden connection is mechanistically plausible]\n- \"contradictions_between_evidences\": Identify conflicting evidence within the evidence set (if any) and flag the dispute here\n- \"repurposed_solutions\": identify and explain repurposed Solution potentials\n\n\nFormat Requirement:\nRAG AMNESIA IS ACTIVE: You must ONLY use the provided context literature. Do not use outside prior knowledge. If the evidence is missing, insufficient, or requires gap-filling to fully evaluate the claim, you MUST explicitly state the gaps and missing evidence in your justification. Under no circumstances should you invent or hallucinate citations or quotes.\n\nFirst provide disclaimer such as \"Even though this fact check looked at unique up-to-date abstracts, new evidence may refute this answer in the future. Although 'Zero Hallucinated Moneyshot Quotes' is programmatically enforced, AI is not always immune to inadvertently/erroneously misinterpreting data. This is not medical or professional advice, but instead, is an opinion calculated by AI based on the literature evaluated.\"\n---\nWrite in a highly academic, formal thesis tone.\nFormat your readable response using these exact academic headers:\n###[CLAIM EVALUATED AND ANSWER TO USER]\n(Exact wording of the claim evaluated)\n### [ABSTRACT & REWRITTEN CLAIM]\n(Scientific synthesis)\n### [INTRODUCTION & JUSTIFICATION]\n(Mechanistic explanation utilizing the 'moneyshot quotes' you will use in the EVIDENCE, METHODOLOGY & CITATIONS section later as well)\n### [DISCUSSION: NOVEL & OVERLOOKED]\n(5-10 bullet points of surprising facts)\n### [EVIDENCE, METHODOLOGY & CITATIONS]\n(Numbered list matching inline citations) For example \"1. ID: 12345 - Application: The text discusses ... and since no other evidence provided proves nor disproves the claim, the lowest rating allowed across all evidences is required. ID:12345 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 3) - [copied/verbatim Quote text]\"\n\n**CRITICAL: You must include the exact quote you used in the [copied/verbatim Quote text] section.\n\nIf the prompt says \"at least 20 quotes\" then there must be at least 20 matching citations. You must actually use the quotes you select within the conext of the preprint publication you write.\n\nEvaluation Schema:\nRAG AMNESIA IS ACTIVE: You must ONLY use the provided context literature. Do not use outside prior knowledge. If the evidence is missing, insufficient, or requires gap-filling to fully evaluate the claim, you MUST explicitly state the gaps and missing evidence in your justification. Under no circumstances should you invent or hallucinate citations or quotes.\n\n###critical: WRAP YOUR THOUGHTS WITH Introduction: Many countries are exploring regulations for non-medical cannabis markets to mitigate cannabis-related health risks. Regulations such as restricting opening hours or product variability may be useful tools, yet their effects on cannabis purchases remain understudied due to a lack of comprehensive sales data. The Z\u00fcri Can study implements a framework for strictly regulated cannabis sales, with a fixed product portfolio and a maximum purchase volume. The dataset contains all tracked purchases of 2,507 participants from August 22, 2023, to January 17, 2025, across ten Cannabis Social Clubs (CSCs), ten pharmacies, and the municipal Drug Information Centre Zurich (DIZ). It captures detailed information on sales conditions (opening hours, product variety, customers per hour) and purchase behaviour (purchase frequency, number of packages per purchase, THC volume, and expenditure per package). Generalised estimating equations provided means and confidence intervals by type of point of sale (POS). Multilevel survival analysis and random coefficient models examined how sales conditions influenced purchase behaviour, and how purchase behaviour evolved over time. Pharmacies had notably more weekly operating days (5.66), longer daily opening hours (6.16), and fewer customers per hour (1.08) than CSCs (3.81 days; 3.76 h; 4.62 customers per hour) and the DIZ (2.85 days; 3.28 h, 3.37 customers per hour). However, compared to the POS average, longer opening hours and more customers per hour only slightly increased purchase frequency; their impact on purchase amount was negligible. Variations in the number of available products only marginally affected purchasing behaviour. Purchase frequency was higher in the 30 days following the first purchase and declined over 12 months (CSCs, pharmacies) or remained stable (DIZ) while amount obtained per purchase remained stable. These findings suggest that in a strictly regulated non-medical cannabis market similar to the framework of the Z\u00fcri Can study, variations in sales conditions only have a small impact on purchase behaviour. Legal access to cannabis does not inherently lead to increased purchasing and may even contribute to a decline in purchase frequency.
.",
"41912786": "ID: 41912786\nTitle: Biomass formation and yield performance in diverse multicrops and their potential for biofuel use in short-growing boreal climate conditions.\nAbstract: Herbaceous plant biomass is an important resource for energy production and an effective strategy to ensure energy supply independence. Growing agricultural plant mixtures (multicrops) contributes to increasing biomass yields, enhancing farm biodiversity, improving soil health, and promoting environmental sustainability. However, most crop mixtures have not been studied at all. For this reason, stationary field experiment was conducted from 2020 to 2022 at Vytautas Magnus University, Agriculture Academy, Kaunas reg., Lithuania. The aim of the study was to evaluate the development and productivity of maize, industrial hemp and faba bean single crops and its binary and ternary mixtures, as well as the related energy and environmental aspects of the applied agrotechnologies, under short growing season conditions. Faba bean ecosystem services improved maize and industrial hemp growth in mixtures, increasing plant height by 14%, leaf assimilation area by 24%, and chlorophyll index by 19%, indicating enhanced nitrogen availability and photosynthetic activity in companion crops. Although biomass of individual species decreased in more diverse mixtures, total plot biomass increased, with the ternary maize-hemp-faba bean crop producing 4-8 times more dried biomass than single crops in the first year. The ternary system achieved the highest Comprehensive evaluation index (CEI\u2009=\u20094.54) and the greatest net energy yield (367,668\u00a0MJ ha\u207b1) despite higher fuel consumption (103.3\u00a0L ha\u207b1). Pellets produced from ternary biomass met quality standards (density 1238\u00a0kg m\u207b3, ash 6%, ash shrinkage temperature 1042\u00a0\u00b0C), while Life cycle assessment showed lower environmental impacts for mixed-crop biomass compared with single maize crop (29.1\u00a0kg CO\u2082 eq GJ\u207b1). Overall, diversified cropping systems demonstrate strong potential for sustainable biomass production and environmentally efficient bioenergy generation.",
"41921812": "ID: 41921812\nTitle: Synergistic reinforcement of alginate films with hemp nanocellulose and ZnO nanoparticles for enhanced mechanical, barrier, and antimicrobial performance.\nAbstract: This study describes the fabrication and optimization of alginate-based nanocomposite films incorporating hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) nanocellulose (HNC) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) for potential active food packaging applications. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize formulation variables, identifying 1.25% (w/v) alginate, 0.15% (w/v) HNC, and 0.25% (w/v) ZnONPs as the optimal composition. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed a compact and homogeneous morphology with well-distributed nanofillers and good interfacial adhesion. The optimized Alg/HNC/ZnONPs film exhibited the highest tensile strength (35.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.68\u00a0MPa) while maintaining moderate extensibility (elongation at break: 5.54\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.24%), indicating an effective synergistic reinforcement effect. Water solubility decreased to 54.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.27%, and water vapor permeability reached a minimum value of 0.91\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.04\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010-9\u00a0g\u00b7m/m2\u00b7s\u00b7Pa, representing an approximate 34% reduction relative to the alginate-only film. ZnONPs enhanced UV-barrier ability while preserving acceptable transparency. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed strong intermolecular interactions and increased structural constraint within the polymer matrix, while differential scanning calorimetry results indicated improved thermal stability through increased enthalpic resistance to degradation. Furthermore, the nanocomposite film exhibited pronounced antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibition zones of 13.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.37\u00a0mm and 14.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.67\u00a0mm, respectively. These results demonstrate that Alg/HNC/ZnONPs nanocomposite films possess balanced multifunctional properties suitable for sustainable food packaging applications.",
"41932486": "ID: 41932486\nTitle: Biomass chitosan-derivative-based hypercrosslinked polymers as high-efficiency iodine adsorbents.\nAbstract: With the intensification of the global energy crisis, nuclear energy, as a clean and low-carbon energy source, has been widely applied. However, spent fuel from nuclear power plants releases nuclear radioactive waste containing iodine, which exhibits rapid diffusion and high volatility, thereby posing severe risks to human health and the ecosystem. In this study, chitosan-based hypercrosslinked polymers (MCHCPs) were synthesized by modifying chitosan as a raw material via a Schiff base reaction, followed by Friedel-Crafts reactions using different cross-linking agents; these materials exhibited excellent thermal stability, a high specific surface area, and a rich porous structure. Among them, the adsorption capacity of MCHCP-1 for static iodine vapor and dynamic iodine vapor reached 8.49 and 2.38\u00a0g/g, respectively. Furthermore, MCHCP-1 achieved adsorption equilibrium for iodine in aqueous solution within 2.5\u00a0min, with a removal rate of 98.7% and a maximum adsorption capacity of 1941\u00a0mg/g. Moreover, the iodine adsorption process of MCHCPs conformed to pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir model. The results indicate that the adsorption process of iodine by MCHCPs was primarily governed by monolayer chemisorption through interactions between the polymer and iodine molecules. After five adsorption-desorption cycles, the adsorbents retained over 85% of their original iodine vapor uptake capacity, reflecting excellent recyclability and significant practical application value.",
"41934703": "ID: 41934703\nTitle: Non-invasive detection of salivary TNF-\u03b1 enabled by hemp-derived nanocellulose nanocomposite electrochemical immunosensor for point-of-care diagnostics.\nAbstract: This work describes a label-free electrochemical immunosensor for the non-invasive detection of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) in human saliva. The sensing platform utilizes a hierarchical nanocomposite comprising hemp-derived nanocellulose (HNC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), PEDOT:PSS, and electrodeposited gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The porous 3D HNC network provides a biocompatible scaffold for efficient antibody immobilization, while the integrated conductive matrix significantly accelerates electron transfer kinetics. Under optimized conditions, the immunosensor exhibits a linear range of 5-300\u00a0pg\u00a0mL-1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.91\u00a0pg\u00a0mL-1 and excellent selectivity against common interferents. Validation with clinical saliva samples demonstrated strong correlation with standard ELISA, confirming the platform's potential for point-of-care inflammatory biomarker monitoring.",
"41942676": "ID: 41942676\nTitle: Impact of CBD and hemp oil use on drug test results: a systematic review.\nAbstract: BACKGROUND: Hemp-derived products, especially CBD (cannabidiol) oil and hemp oil, have shown a notable increase of use in recent years. CBD oil is a compound derived from the cannabis plant, whilst hemp oil is a product derived from hemp seeds. Trans-\u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in cannabis is responsible for the psychoactive effect, whereas CBD, having the same molecular weight, is a non-psychoactive compound with analgesic, antiepileptic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. The rapid uptake of these products has raised concerns about unintended cannabinoid findings (THC, 11-OH-THC and THC-COOH etc.) on drug tests, especially in workplaces, road safety applications, and anti-doping programs. Although many CBD and hemp oils are marketed as \u201cTHC-free,\u201d trace amounts of THC may be present in some products due to manufacturing variability, mislabeling, or contamination. These trace amounts may yield detectable levels in biological matrices or may cause cannabinoids findings. Regulatory frameworks for THC in cannabis products exist in several jurisdictions, but oversight of CBD-containing oils remains heterogeneous, creating gaps in quality control and labeling. METHODS: This systematic review aimed to evaluate whether the use of CBD and hemp oil may lead to cannabinoid-positive results in drug testing, potentially causing suspicion of cannabis use. The research design was prepared according to the PRISMA guidelines. The review included studies published in English between March 2014 and March 2024 that met the search criteria based on the keywords \u201cpsychoactive effects\u201d, \u201cforensic toxicology\u201d, \u201cTHC positive\u201d, \u201cdelta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol\u201d, \u201cdelta-9-THC\u201d, \u201ctest\u201d, and \u201canalysis\u201d paired with the terms \u201cCBD Oil\u201d and \u201cHemp Oil\u201d separately in the PubMed, WOS, and SCOPUS databases. RESULTS: The literature search yielded 477 results, 12 of which met the inclusion criteria. Eight of the 12 studies included evaluate of the possibility of positive cannabinoid findings or negative results in biological materials as a result of CBD and hemp oil use in humans. Five of these studies reported that the use of these oils would not create a positive result above the \u201climit of detection (LOQ) or cut-off levels\u201d in the drug tests for THC. Although concentrations above the limit were not encountered, it is noteworthy, that trace levels or those close to the detection limits of cannabinoid levels were obtained. There are four studies designed to evaluate the conversion of CBD to THC in human metabolism after the use of oil products and two out of four studies emphasize that there will be no biotransformation or extraction-induced transformation after the use of CBD and hemp oils. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review addresses current evidence on the occurrence and underlying causes of cannabinoid-positive drug test results following the consumption of CBD and hemp oils, highlighting critical gaps in analytical testing strategies and regulatory oversight. Positivity mainly arises from the product content (e.g., undeclared or excessive THC, mislabeling, and contamination), the matrix, the administration route, and the sensitivity and specificity of the analytical methods. The potential for CBD to convert to THC during manufacturing or in the human body may pose legal risks for individuals using CBD or hemp oil in countries with zero-tolerance policies.",
"41943448": "ID: 41943448\nTitle: Defining Cannabis Use Disorder in Administrative Health Data: A Systematic Review of Case Definitions and Validation Approaches.\nAbstract: Reliable case definitions (CDs) for cannabis use disorder (CUD) are essential for epidemiologic surveillance, health services research, and policy evaluation. As reliance on health administrative data increases, variation in diagnostic coding practices and limited validation of CDs may undermine the comparability and accuracy of CUD estimates. This systematic review aimed to identify, describe, and critically appraise how CUD has been operationalized within administrative health data sources, with particular attention to coding strategies and validation practices. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and related databases for studies using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes to define CUD in administrative health data. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data on CD components and validation methods, and assessed methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A total of 56 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most relied on ICD-9 or ICD-10 diagnostic codes to identify CUD, typically using a one-or-more-code rule, although operational details varied by jurisdiction, coding framework, and observation window. No included study explicitly reported internal or external validation of its CD. Reported prevalence estimates ranged widely, from 0.06% in large administrative cohorts to 76.9% in highly selected clinical populations, reflecting differences in CD construction and study populations. CDs for CUD in administrative data vary substantially and lack empirical validation, limiting their reliability for surveillance and comparative research. The development and validation of standardized, transparent CDs are needed to strengthen cannabis epidemiology and to support reproducible research, health-system planning, and policy decision-making.",
"41952362": "ID: 41952362\nTitle: Cannabis Products and Contaminant Detection: Critical Review of Regulatory Oversight and Analytical Methodologies.\nAbstract: Cannabis legalization and consumption in the United States have accelerated over the past decade, resulting in a rapidly diversifying marketplace of medical and adult-use products. As of 2025, medical cannabis is permitted in 47 states, while adult-use markets are authorized in 24 states and the District of Columbia. This expansion underscores the urgent need for robust and consistent safety testing to ensure consumer protection. Despite federal prohibition, states have independently developed their own regulatory frameworks for contaminant testing, leading to wide variability in allowable limits, analyte lists, and method validation requirements. This review critically compares contaminant regulations across U.S. adult-use jurisdictions and evaluates analytical methodologies published between 2020 and 2025 for four major hazard categories: heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, and residual solvents. Emphasis is placed on sample preparation strategies, analytical instrumentation, and method performance parameters relevant to complex cannabis matrices such as flower, concentrates, and infused products. Sample preparation approaches are tailored to matrix complexity and frequently utilize Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction followed by dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE). Cartridge SPE is commonly applied for enhanced cleanup, and immunoaffinity columns is used for selective isolation of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A. Instrumental analysis typically relies on Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for trace metals, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) for pesticide and mycotoxin detection, and headspace GC with flame ionization detection or GC-MS for residual solvent quantification. Although current methodologies provide sensitive and reliable detection, inconsistencies in regulatory oversight across jurisdictions limit data comparability and complicate interstate commerce. Establishing harmonized performance criteria, standardized reporting units, and national proficiency testing programs would improve method reliability and consumer confidence. Continued innovation in sample preparation and validated multi-residue methods will be critical as product diversity and testing demands continue to expand.",
"41957055": "ID: 41957055\nTitle: Comparative exposure and risk assessment of heavy metals, nutrients, and organochlorine pesticides in cow and plant-based milks.\nAbstract: Cow milk and plant-based milk alternatives (PBMAs) are widely consumed beverages, yet both can act as pathways for exposure to environmental contaminants originating from soil, water, and legacy agricultural practices. In this study, we quantified heavy metals (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As)), macro- and micronutrients, and 24 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in cow milk and seven PBMAs (almond, soy, oat, coconut, hemp, rice, and cashew). Twenty-two commercial products were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). PBMAs exhibited higher and more variable concentrations of Cr, As, and Cd than cow milk, with rice and hemp milks showing the highest arsenic and chromium levels, respectively. Lead concentrations were comparable across milk types. Fortified PBMAs showed elevated calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), and magnesium (Mg) relative to cow milk, reflecting formulation-driven rather than intrinsic nutritional differences. All milk categories contained detectable residues of multiple OCPs, including dicofol, mirex, and hexachlorobenzene, highlighting the persistence of legacy pesticides in modern food products. Although concentrations generally remained below regulatory limits, the widespread occurrence of both metals and OCPs underscores the need for continued monitoring and improved transparency for both dairy and plant-based milks.",
"41968590": "ID: 41968590\nTitle: \u03948-tetrahydrocannabinol, \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol, and cannabidiol carboxylic acid metabolites in authentic meconium samples.\nAbstract: The consumption of cannabis-related products during pregnancy is increasing. Marijuana (cannabis) use during pregnancy, whether for nonmedical or medical purposes to relieve of pregnancy-related symptoms and discomfort, can lead to potential adverse clinical and neurodevelopmental outcomes for the developing fetus. Testing conventional matrices, such as blood and urine, provides information regarding the recent intake of drugs, whereas analysis of alternative specimens, such as meconium, provides information regarding maternal use and potential in utero exposure during the third trimester of pregnancy. In this study, meconium samples (n\u2009=\u200919) were obtained from neonates at birth delivered at the University of Florida (UF). All the mothers participating in the study completed a questionnaire regarding cannabis and cannabidiol (CBD) use during pregnancy. Maternal urine samples were also collected during each trimester of pregnancy and at delivery. 11-nor-\u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (\u03949-THC-COOH), 11-nor-\u03948-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (\u03948-THC-COOH) and 7-carboxy cannabidiol (7-COOH-CBD) were quantitated in the meconium samples utilizing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The most frequently identified analyte was \u03949-THC-COOH (median concentration: 113\u2009ng/g) which was quantitated in the meconium samples (n\u2009=\u200912) of neonates born to mothers who self-reported cannabis use during the third trimester. \u03948-THC-COOH was observed in five of the \u03949-THC-COOH positive samples (median concentration: 15.7\u2009ng/g). Meconium of neonates born to mothers who did not self-report a history of cannabis use (control subjects) was negative for \u03948-THC-COOH and \u03949-THC-COOH. These data support further study of drug use patterns during pregnancy to focus on the clinical consequences of use during the perinatal period.",
"41974243": "ID: 41974243\nTitle: Upcycling of industrial hemp byproducts into a sustainable molded fiber packaging system.\nAbstract: This study presents the fabrication and characterization of fully bio-based molded fiber composites using industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) hurds, starch, and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) for sustainable single-use packaging applications. Hemp hurds, a low-value agricultural byproduct, were directly upcycled into value-added molded fiber composites by varying their loadings to evaluate their influence on rheological, mechanical, and morphological properties. Rheological analysis revealed that excessive solid content increased slurry heterogeneity and entrapped microbubbles, reducing both storage and loss moduli. However, during hot pressing, these trapped air voids were released, resulting in densified fiber networks. Consequently, the mechanical performance improved with increasing hurd content up to a threshold. Among all formulations, the composite containing 20\u00a0g of hemp hurds (H20) exhibited the most balanced properties, achieving high compressive (8.70\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.34\u00a0MPa), flexural (7.56\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.51\u00a0MPa), and impact strength (13.83\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.19\u00a0J/m), comparable to or exceeding those of the higher-loading formulation containing 28\u00a0g of hemp hurds (H28). Compressive strength increased by more than 300% compared with conventional molded pulp reported in the literature, while flexural strength nearly doubled (\u223c90% increase) from H12 to H20. SEM analysis confirmed that H20 possessed a uniform interfacial adhesion between the starch-CNF matrix and hemp fibers, while both excessive (H28) and insufficient (H12, 12\u00a0g hemp hurds) fiber loadings resulted in structural irregularities. These findings demonstrate a value-added upcycling strategy that converts underutilized hemp byproducts into high-performance molded fiber packaging materials composed entirely of bio-derived constituents.",
"41977663": "ID: 41977663\nTitle: Effects of Green Light Deprivation and Red-to-Blue Ratio on Growth, Mineral Content, and Pigments in Salvia officinalis L. and Cannabis sativa L.\nAbstract: Light spectral composition plays a central role in regulating plant growth, morphology, nutrient uptake, and pigment biosynthesis, particularly in controlled-environment agriculture. This study investigated the effects of targeted LED spectral modulation, focusing on green light deprivation and different red-to-blue (R:B) ratios at constant photon flux density, on morphological traits, mineral composition, and photosynthetic pigments in Salvia officinalis L. and Cannabis sativa L. grown under controlled conditions. Plants were cultivated under three LED treatments providing equal light intensity but differing in spectral composition. Morphological parameters, mineral nutrients, inorganic anions, and photosynthetic pigments were assessed at harvest. Total biomass production was not significantly affected by the light treatments in either species; however, clear species-specific responses were observed. In S. officinalis, higher R:B ratios promoted stem elongation without affecting leaf number or fresh weight, whereas in C. sativa, the higher R:B ratio significantly increased leaf number. Green light deprivation and red-blue enrichment generally enhanced mineral accumulation and nitrogen content, although the magnitude and direction of these effects varied between species. Photosynthetic pigment responses were more pronounced in hemp, with increased chlorophylls and carotenoids under green light deprivation, while salvia showed a selective increase in carotenoids under higher R:B ratios. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of species-specific LED spectral optimization to improve physiological performance and nutritional quality in indoor cultivation of medicinal plants.",
"41978153": "ID: 41978153\nTitle: Bioavailability of Functional Iron in Protein Microparticles.\nAbstract: Iron deficiency remains a major nutritional challenge, partly due to the limited stability and bioavailability of conventional iron formulations in foods and during digestion. In this study, iron-protein microparticles (IP-MPs) based on bovine serum albumin (IA-MPs) and hemp protein (IH-MPs) were developed via coprecipitation and evaluated as food-compatible iron delivery systems. Iron-protein microparticles (IP-MPs) were fabricated by a coprecipitation technique. The stability of IP-MPs was investigated in a three-phase digestion model. The uptake of IP-MPs by Caco-2 cells as well as the Ferritin concentration in Caco-2 cells were investigated. Particle morphology and size distribution were strongly dependent on the protein matrix, with hemp protein microparticles exhibiting greater size uniformity and higher stability under simulated gastric conditions. In a standardized in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model, both IP-MP formulations preserved iron predominantly in the bioactive Fe(II) state and remained sufficiently intact to reach the intestinal phase. Biocompatibility and iron uptake were assessed using Caco-2 cell monolayers. Neither formulation induced cytotoxic effects, while iron delivered via IP-MPs showed enhanced cellular uptake compared to a commercial iron supplement and ferrous sulfate. The amount of Fe(II) detected in the basolateral compartment of IH-MP and IA-MP samples (1.4 \u00b5g and 1.3 \u00b5g, respectively) was higher than that observed for Floradix\u00ae samples (approximately 0.7 \u00b5g) and corresponded to about 25% of the total iron applied. Functional iron bioavailability, assessed by ferritin formation, was significantly higher for IP-MPs, with hemp protein microparticles yielding the strongest ferritin response. These results demonstrate that iron-protein microparticles, particularly those based on hemp protein, effectively improve iron stability during digestion and enhance cellular iron bioavailability, highlighting their potential for application in iron fortification and functional food systems.",
"41996960": "ID: 41996960\nTitle: Co-pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge with oak bark and hemp hurd to tailor biochar stability, carbon sequestration and heavy metal immobilization.\nAbstract: Municipal sewage sludge (MSS) pyrolysis is constrained by low carbon stability and high heavy metal (HM) content. This study examined whether co-pyrolysis with two underexplored lignocellulosic residues, oak bark (OB) and hemp hurd (HH), could enhance biochar properties relevant to carbon sequestration and environmental safety. MSS was blended with OB or HH at different ratios and pyrolyzed at 400 and 700 \u00b0C. The biochars were characterized for physicochemical and textural properties, carbon stability and sequestration, HM fractionation, stability, and ecological risk (MRI). Pyrolysis temperature determined biochar development, while co-substrate type influenced the balance between carbon stabilization and HM immobilization. HH, with higher cellulose and hemicellulose content and lower ash content, promoted devolatilization-driven restructuring of the carbon matrix, enhancing pore development and carbon stability. The highest specific surface area (182 m2/g) was achieved for MSS:HH (50:50) at 700 \u00b0C. In contrast, OB, with higher lignin content and greater ash and Ca-rich mineral contribution, favored solid-phase condensation, higher biochar yield, and stronger mineral-mediated stabilization of Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb. Among the tested blends, MSS:HH (25:75) at 700 \u00b0C showed the best carbon sequestration, with the lowest H/Corg (0.20) and O/Corg (0.05), the highest thermostable fraction (88%), the highest long-term carbon storage (0.62 t C/t biochar), and the greatest CO2-equivalent storage (2.3 t CO2/t biochar). All biochars remained within the low-risk MRI category. At 700 \u00b0C, Zn decreased by 87% in MSS:HH (25:75) compared to MSS biochar. Strategic feedstock selection enables production of stabilized MSS-derived biochars for carbon sequestration and environmental safety.",
"42022969": "ID: 42022969\nTitle: A novel electrochemical separation process using a polypropylene-supported membrane for simultaneous removal of nickel and manganese.\nAbstract: This study explores the implementation of an electromembrane extraction (EME) system to remove heavy metals (nickel and manganese) from aqueous solutions. Using a unique electrochemical cell design with a graphite anode, a stainless-steel cathode, and a supported liquid membrane (SLM), this study examines the effect of several factors, such as carrier choice (DEHP or TEHP), applied voltage (30-60 V), pH (3-8), and metal concentration (5-30 mg L-1), on the removal efficiency of each metal. Results show that the DEHP carrier achieved higher extraction efficiency than TEHP under all operating conditions. The applied voltage significantly enhanced the removal efficiency of each metal using the membrane. The optimal operating conditions were a voltage of 60 V, an initial pH of 6, an initial metal concentration of 15 mg L-1, and an extraction time of 5 hours. Remarkably, under these optimized conditions, impressive removal efficiencies were achieved for each heavy metal: 84% for Ni and 71% for Mn. The FESEM and AFM results of the membrane showed a relatively homogeneous surface structure with clear porosity and low roughness, indicating the integrity of the membrane and that it is not affected by the initial treatment. After the immersion of the membrane in the DEHP carrier, a marked change in the topography of its surface was observed in the form of increased roughness and partial fullness of pores, confirming the successful fixation of the carrier and the effectiveness of the membrane in the extraction process. The results confirm that the EME technique using the SLM is an effective way to extract heavy metals from water within the optimum mentioned operational condition.",
"42024158": "ID: 42024158\nTitle: Long-term effects of adolescent THC exposure on anxiety-like behavior and cognitive function in male rats.\nAbstract: RATIONALE: As cannabis legalization and decriminalization have expanded, it is increasingly perceived as a low-risk substance. Concurrently, the potency of cannabis products and the number of young adults seeking treatment for cannabis use disorder have risen markedly. A growing body of research links early onset, frequent use, and high potency cannabis products to a range of adverse outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine whether frequent cannabis use during late adolescence affects cognitive functioning and increases the risk of developing anxiety in adulthood. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; 5 mg/kg/day) or vehicle from postnatal day (PND) 42 to 62. After a drug-free period, anxiety-like behavior was assessed in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and Light-Dark transition tests, while cognitive function was evaluated in the novel object recognition and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. THC concentrations in blood and brain tissue were quantified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS: The rats displayed blood THC concentrations comparable to human cannabis users and reduced body weight during the exposure period \u2013 an effect that persisted for over two months following the final injection. Adolescent THC exposure impaired novelty preference in young adult animals, whereas effects on spatial memory were less definitive. THC-exposed rats showed anxiety-like behavior in the EPM test, but not in the Light-Dark transition test. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that frequent cannabis exposure during adolescence may lead to long-term reductions in body weight, reduced novel object recognition, and increased vulnerability to certain aspects of anxiety-related behavior in adulthood.",
"42055951": "ID: 42055951\nTitle: Therapeutic effectiveness of group psychotherapy incorporating cognitive and goal management training in substance use disorder patients under deferred prosecution.\nAbstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured group psychotherapy program integrating cognitive training (CT) and goal management training (GMT) across neuropsychological, coping and behavioural levels in patients with substance use disorder (SUD) under deferred prosecution. Utilizing a pre-post design, this study analysed data from 35 patients under deferred prosecution who were enrolled in a compulsory addiction treatment programme consisting of 10-session group psychotherapy incorporating CT and GMT. Patients were primarily addicted to heroin, methamphetamine or cannabis. Neuropsychological assessments were conducted before and after the intervention, including the Stroop Colour-Word Test (SCWT) to assess inhibition, the Tower of London-DX (ToL-DX) to assess planning and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) to assess cognitive flexibility. Additionally, participants completed the Daily Executive Behaviours Scale and substance use was tracked via urine tests. Significant improvements were observed in the SCWT colour-word score (t\u2009=\u2009-2.78, p\u2009=\u2009.009, rt\u2009=\u20090.43), ToL-DX execution time (t\u2009=\u20092.40, p\u2009=\u2009.02, rt\u2009=\u20090.38) and rule violation metrics (Z\u2009=\u2009-3.34, p\u2009<\u2009.001, rz\u2009=\u20090.57), as well as WCST perseverative errors (Z\u2009=\u2009-3.00, p\u2009=\u2009.003, rz\u2009=\u20090.51); however, no significant changes were found in self-reported assessments or urine tests. The combined CT and GMT intervention significantly improved cognitive functions, although it did not lead to a notable reduction in substance use. This approach was associated with measurable improvements in executive functions, while highlighting the limits of short-term cognitive enhancement in altering substance use behaviour.",
"42058367": "ID: 42058367\nTitle: The 30th Scientific Conference of\u00a0the Society on\u00a0NeuroImmune Pharmacology in\u00a0Annapolis, Maryland, May 3rd - 6th, 2026.\nAbstract: The 30th Annual Society on Neuroimmune Pharmacology (SNIP) conference will be held on May 3-6th at the Graduate Hotel by Hilton in Annapolis, Maryland. This 4-day conference will present preclinical, translational, and clinical research in the intersecting fields of neuro-HIV and substance use disorders, as well as related neurodegenerative conditions. The speakers and poster presenters will share cutting-edge research funded by the National Institutes of Health. On the first day, we will have two concurrent preconference symposia. The first is \"Single Cell HIV and SUD Effects on the Brain: SCORCH Consortium Progress\", with an overview and 7 presentations by investigators, highlighting the outstanding work in the Single Cell Opioid Response in the Context of HIV (SCORCH). The second concurrent symposium is \"Catalyzing Interdisciplinary Research on HIV-Associated Co-occurring Conditions.\" In the evening, we will have our first Poster Session with 52 abstracts by early-stage-career investigators (ECIs), including those that received the ECI travel awards. On days 2-4, in addition to a plenary talk and two memorial lectures, we will have 11 symposia, with 62 speakers (including 12 who are early-stage career investigator travel awardees), and 65 additional poster presentations. In total, the 30th SNIP conference received 185 abstracts for the 70 oral presentations and 115 posters. Topics covered by these symposia and poster presentations include mechanistic and observational studies that evaluate neuronal injury and neuroinflammation associated with HIV brain infection, and how drugs of abuse, including stimulants, opioids, and cannabis, may exacerbate or mitigate neuropathogenesis. In addition, with the aging population of people with HIV and many with substance use disorders, recent work also evaluated how aging and various neurodegenerative disorders could further impact brain health. At the plenary lecture, Dr. Nora Volkow will highlight the priorities of HIV research at the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), while our banquet speaker, Dr. Avindra Nath will elucidate how viruses, particularly retroviruses, may invade the brain, infect brain cells, and adapt to the local environment for decades or mutate and possibly lead to neurodegenerative disorders. This will be an exciting conference that will continue SNIP's emphasis on the career development of early-stage investigators.",
"42059422": "ID: 42059422\nTitle: Nutritive Value and Cannabinoid Potency of Diverse Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Varieties Grown under Different Light Conditions and Harvested across Multiple Time Points as a Possible Feed Source for Livestock.\nAbstract: Effects of two nighttime light interruption conditions and three inflorescence harvest times were studied on two photoperiod-insensitive and three photoperiod-sensitive varieties of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) grown in California, USA, to determine how these affected agronomic and nutritive values relevant to animal feed metrics, as well as the expression of cannabinoids. Cannabinoid potency was quantified using a newly developed UPLC-DAD method. Light sensitivity, light intensity, and harvest time significantly influenced agronomic and nutritional characteristics, in addition to the plant's cannabinoid profile. High light intensity increased agronomic and nutritional variables, but the response varied by genotype. Cannabinoids increased in photosensitive varieties grown under high light intensity, while the latter harvests demonstrated the highest values in all varieties. This indicates that specific plant genotypes and their response to light availability may be a means to optimize hemp's nutritional profile and address safety concerns surrounding cannabinoid expression for use as a livestock feed source.",
"42062625": "ID: 42062625\nTitle: Influence of Simulated Saline Alkaline Conditions on Soil Bacterial Community and Isolations.\nAbstract: Saline-alkaline ions including Na+, Cl-, HCO3-, and CO32- etc., adversely impact agricultural production by decreasing soil adaptability and function of microbial communities. Until now, most of the studies regarding salinity were mainly focused on sodium chloride and sodium sulfate, seldom concerning the actual saline-alkaline soil conditions. In the current study, we collected saline-alkaline soil samples from three different habitats, and employed six simulated saline-alkaline conditions (encompassing sulfate-type, chloride-type, and soda-type) to enrich soil bacterial communities. Using high-throughput sequencing, we characterized the composition of bacterial communities under distinct enrichment conditions, and isolated strains from the respective soil environments via the single-colony isolation method. The results showed that, regardless of soil sources, bacterial community diversity decreased significantly under conditions where pH\u2009\u2265\u20099.0 and total salinity\u2009\u2265\u20096.0%. Among all tested factors, pH and carbonate ions were the most impactful in shaping bacterial community composition, followed by sodium chloride. This suggests that soda-type saline-alkaline soils exerted the strongest influence on microbial communities. Furthermore, specific microbial taxa responded differently to salt ion compositions. For example, Bacillus and Woeseia genus were positively associated with water-soluble chloride and sodium ions. Additionally, the keystone taxa among the enriched halotolerant bacterial isolates included Bacillus, Halomonas, Clostridioides, Pseudoalteromonas, Zobellella, and Alkaliphilus genus. From sulfate-type saline-alkaline soils, a greater number of bacterial isolates were recovered; however, no isolates could be enriched under condition 6 (pH 10, NaCl 10\u00a0g/L, Na2SO4 5\u00a0g/L, Na2CO3 5\u00a0g/L, salinity 2.0%). These results provided theoretical foundation and potential application guidance for the bio-remediation of saline-alkaline soils.",
"42070485": "ID: 42070485\nTitle: Specific detection against PSA by using emission wavelength of carbon dots modulates TiO2/In2S3-based photoelectrochemical aptasensor.\nAbstract: Sensitive and precise detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is essential for the early diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer. However, conventional detection methods often suffer from limited sensitivity, poor selectivity, highlighting the need for advanced sensing platforms. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensing achieve for PSA accurate detection due to its high sensitivity, low background noise, and simplicity. Nonetheless, enhancing light absorption and charge separation efficiency remains a major challenge. In this study, we addressed this challenge by modulating the emission wavelength of carbon dots (CDs) and integrating them into a TiO2/In2S3-based heterojunction. Three types of CDs, including blue, green and red-emitting CDs (B-CDs, G-CDs, and R-CDs) were synthesized via a hydrothermal method and systematically optimized for photophysical and electronic performance. Among them, R-CDs exhibited superior visible-light absorption, enhanced electron transport, and abundant surface functional groups. When incorporated into a TiO2/In2S3 composite, R-CDs significantly boosted the photocurrent response (-112\u202f\u03bcA), outperforming the B-CDs (-60\u202f\u03bcA) and G-CDs (-88\u202f\u03bcA) counterparts. Comprehensive characterizations confirmed the formation of a well-integrated ternary heterojunction with efficient charge separation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. A PEC aptasensor was subsequently developed based on the optimized TiO2/In2S3/R-CDs photoelectrode for PSA detection. The sensor demonstrated a wide linear detection range (0.002-100 ng/mL), an ultralow detection limit (5.0\u202fpg/mL), and excellent selectivity. It also exhibited strong stability and reproducibility, with recovery rates of 96.6-100.4% in spiked serum samples. This study not only presents a highly sensitive PEC platform for clinical diagnostics but also underscores the critical role of emission-wavelength modulation of CDs in the rational design of advanced PEC biosensors.",
"42082743": "ID: 42082743\nTitle: Chemical characterisation and health implications of atmospheric particulate matter In Ghana's mining hub of Tarkwa.\nAbstract: It has now been established that the chemical composition of Particulate Matter (PM) is essential for predicting its associated health endpoints. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the chemical composition and associated health risk of atmospheric particulate matter in the mining city of Tarkwa, Ghana. Total suspended particles (TSP) and PM10 were monitored biweekly for one year using miniVol air samplers for three communities within Tarkwa. The exposed filter samples were divided into two parts and chemically characterised using Scanning Electron Microscope - Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) for elemental particle analysis, and ICP-MS for metal analysis. The risk of non-carcinogenic health impact in the exposed population was computed using the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), while Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF) was applied for source identification. The recorded mean TSP mass concentrations for monitoring sites Abekoase (AK), Nsuta (NV), and Tarkwa Banso (TN) were 27.74, 157, and 163\u00a0\u00b5g/m3, respectively. PM10 mean concentrations were 23.8, 70.85 and 78.64\u00a0\u00b5g/m3 for AK, NV and TN, respectively. The SEM-EDX analysis revealed particles rich in Si, Al, Na, Zn, Fe, Ca, K, F, O, Mn, and C, with varied mass percentage abundance pointing to Aluminosilicates, Aluminosilicates-soot and likely psilomelane for both TSP and PM10. Varied Metal concentrations in decreasing order of Al\u2009>\u2009Zn\u2009>\u2009Mg\u2009>\u2009Fe\u2009>\u2009Si\u2009>\u2009Mn were recorded for TN and NV, while a decreasing order of Mg\u2009>\u2009Al\u2009>\u2009Zn\u2009>\u2009Si\u2009>\u2009Fe\u2009>\u2009Mn was recorded for AK. The dry season recorded higher PM-bound metal concentration than the wet season. The metallic concentrations of Fe, Si, Mg and Zn corresponded to a THQ of below unity for both children and adults. However, the estimated THQs for Al and Mn ranged from 2.22 to 19.44 and from 2.64 to 21.78, indicating an adverse health impact on the exposed population. The major PM emission sources were identified as crustal dust, traffic sources and industrial/mining activities. This study establishes a baseline for the study area by providing critical insight into PM pollution, its sources, associated health impacts and priority areas for management intervention. Future investigations of PM chemical composition should extend beyond elemental analysis to include water-soluble fractions, mineralogical characteristics and mechanism of action, particularly in relation to human health, to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of PM properties and behaviour.",
"42086850": "ID: 42086850\nTitle: Functional valorisation of forest derived lignocellulosic waste with high sorption rate and pH stability.\nAbstract: Lignocellulosic residues derived from forest and agricultural systems represent an abundant and underutilised biomass stream with potential applications in water treatment. In this study, a comparative screening of selected lignocellulosic materials (oak sawdust, glans peduncles, barley straw, camelina straw, and flax/hemp dust) was performed for the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions, with activated carbon used as a reference. All investigated materials exhibited rapid adsorption, with equilibrium uptake of 90-95% achieved within 3 min and equilibrium approached within ~ 30 min under the studied conditions. Adsorption kinetics were well described by the pseudo-second-order model (R\u00b2 = 0.996-0.999), although this is interpreted as a descriptive fit rather than direct evidence of chemisorption. Oak sawdust and glans peduncles showed the most stable performance across the tested pH range (3-11). The study has a screening character and was conducted at elevated BPA concentrations (20-500\u00a0mg/L) to enable kinetic analysis. Therefore, the results provide a comparative and mechanistic basis for further investigation rather than direct evidence of environmental or industrial applicability. The pHpzc analysis suggests that sorption is not controlled solely by electrostatic interactions; instead, specific interactions related to lignin-rich domains-such as \u03c0-\u03c0 interactions, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic effects-play a substantial role. The results highlight the importance of structural and chemical characteristics of woody biomass in determining functional performance under aqueous exposure and emphasise the potential of oak-derived residues as stable, sustainable materials contributing to the valorisation of forest resources.",
"42087198": "ID: 42087198\nTitle: High-THC Cannabis sativa in a New York greenhouse: yield and economic factors.\nAbstract: The legalization of adult-use Cannabis sativa in New York State has created a need for research-based information on expected yield, production costs, revenue, and profitability for greenhouse cultivation. Limited data currently exist to inform growers and investors. This study evaluates both agronomic and economic outcomes for two flowering strategies-autoflower (light-insensitive) and photoperiod (light-sensitive) C. sativa-grown in a NYS greenhouse. A comparative agronomic and economic analysis was conducted to assess yield performance, input requirements, costs, revenue, and returns for autoflower and photoperiod C. sativa crops. Growth traits were measured and correlated with final yield. Cost components, including labor, seeds and plants, nutrients, and other variable inputs, were analyzed to determine their contribution to total production expenses. Economic returns were calculated on a per-square foot basis. Both autoflower and photoperiod plants showed strong correlations between early growth traits and final yield. Autoflowers, with shorter life cycles and independence from light manipulation, produced smaller plants with lower total biomass and THC content compared to photoperiod plants. Using assumed baseline values, autoflower cultivation resulted in a negative annual return above total costs of negative $1.48 per ft2, whereas photoperiod cultivation generated a positive return of $7.18 per ft2. Labor represented the largest share of variable costs for both systems, accounting for 52% of total costs in autoflower production and 34% in photoperiod production. Autoflowers may be advantageous in space, capital, or labor-constrained environments requiring rapid crop turnover, while photoperiod plants appear more profitable for larger or well-resourced operations focused on maximizing yield and returns. Additional research is needed to identify practices and economic strategies that improve profitability, consistency, and efficiency for both cultivation approaches. This study underscores the need for continued economic analyses to guide decision-making in the emerging adult-use C. sativa industry.",
"42087802": "ID: 42087802\nTitle: Nano-Enabled Zooremediation of Antibiotic Resistance Genes via Interfacial DNA Capture and Stimulated Nuclease Secretion.\nAbstract: Harnessing deoxyribonucleases (DNases) for biodegrading antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) provides an eco-compatible approach to control antimicrobial resistance; however, translation to high-efficiency removal is hindered by limited access to ARGs and receptor-gated enzyme secretion. Herein, a nano-zoo composite was established for ARG remediation using nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) and worms (Tubifex tubifex). The optimized composite removed extracellular ARGs from 108 to 102 copies/L (99.9999% efficiency) within 72 h in laboratory microcosms and wastewaters, significantly suppressing horizontal gene transfer. Mechanistically, oxidative phase transformation of nZVI enhances inner-sphere Fe-O-P bonding to the DNA phosphate backbone, concentrating ARGs at the interface and promoting fragmentation. Transcript and protein assays demonstrate that ARG fragments activate Toll-like receptor signaling, thereby triggering a 5.71-fold increase in DNase II exocytosis. These findings support a hybrid nano-bio remediation strategy that couples interfacial capture with endogenous nuclease action, providing a scalable route to control emerging genetic pollutants in aquatic systems.",
"42093032": "ID: 42093032\nTitle: Feasibility of medicinal cannabis cultivation in outdoor conditions using municipal reclaimed water.\nAbstract: Increasing pressure on freshwater resources represents a major challenge for sustainable agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions. In this context, the use of treated wastewater in agriculture may enhance environmental sustainability and economic efficiency. This study evaluated the yield and safety of outdoor cannabis cultivation irrigated with reclaimed domestic wastewater in an arid Patagonian environment (Argentina). Key metrics included soil and water quality, flower and cannabinoid yield, and chemical and microbiological safety. Soil and water quality were adequate in terms of physicochemical parameters. Escherichia coli in irrigation water at the time of tank filling was 1,700\u2009\u00b1\u2009733 MPN/100\u00a0mL. Irrigation was initiated at these concentrations, and E. coli levels declined during subsequent storage in tanks, reaching values below 1,000 MPN/100\u00a0mL after approximately 10\u00a0days, consistent with the World Health Organization guideline for unrestricted agricultural reuse. E. coli and total coliforms were absent in leaves, flowers, and derived products (herbal oils). Potentially hazardous heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) did not show systematic accumulation in the system. Concentrations in flowers and oils were generally below regulatory standards for edibles; however, Pb levels in dried flowers exceeded established regulatory limits. Dried flower yields were approximately 267.77\u2009\u00b1\u200934.99\u00a0g/plant. Cannabinoid concentrations ranged from 7-14%, comparable to values previously reported for these varieties when cultivated indoors. Overall, the results support the potential of reclaimed wastewater as an irrigation alternative in arid regions, although continued monitoring of contaminants is essential to ensure product safety and regulatory compliance.",
"42096413": "ID: 42096413\nTitle: Correction: Diversity of root system architecture and root-shoot biomass allocation in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.).\nAbstract: [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0339929.].",
"42101056": "ID: 42101056\nTitle: Genetic architecture of phenological, morphological, and phytochemical traits in Cannabis landraces.\nAbstract: Despite its long history of cultivation and diverse applications, Cannabis sativa remains underexplored at the genomic level, particularly in landrace populations that harbor untapped genetic diversity. In this study, we investigated the genetic architecture of 145 Iranian cannabis landrace accessions, including both male and female plants, using 233K common SNPs and genome-wide association studies. Our analysis revealed three genetically distinct subpopulations shaped by geography, climate, and traditional cultivation practices. We identified 91 significant genomic regions associated with 40 phenological, morphological, and phytochemical traits, including 15 key loci with pleiotropic effects linked to multiple traits, including flowering time, plant architecture, biomass accumulation, and cannabinoid biosynthesis. These findings highlight the complex interplay between developmental and metabolic pathways in cannabis. The high heritability of most traits and rapid linkage disequilibrium decay underscore the potential of these landraces for high-resolution mapping and genetic improvement. This work provides a valuable genomic resource for marker-assisted selection, supporting the development of improved cultivars with tailored cannabinoid profiles and agronomic traits. Cannabis has long been used for medicinal and industrial purposes, but little is known about the genetics of traditional landraces that possess valuable traits. Our study aimed to identify the genes associated with key characteristics in these plants using a genome\u2010wide association study. We connected specific genes to traits such as flowering time, plant shape, and production of compounds like cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). In total, we identified 91 genomic regions related to 40 traits, including genes that influence multiple features at once. This genetic map provides breeders with tools to develop improved cannabis varieties with higher yields, stress resistance, and tailored chemical profiles.",
"42106413": "ID: 42106413\nTitle: Eco friendly obtained zirconium oxide crystals for efficient separation of rare earth elements from acidic media.\nAbstract: This study examined synthesis of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) using a straightforward green synthesis method and its application for preferential adsorption of La3+, Eu3+, and Sm3+, demonstrating a low-cost and environmentally friendly approach. Several analytical techniques were employed to characterize (ZrO2) specifically, XRD, TGA-DTA, SEM-EDX, and FTIR. Through batch mode experiments, the effectiveness of ZrO2 to adsorb Eu\u00b3\u207a, La\u00b3\u207a, and Sm\u00b3\u207a ions was rigorously evaluated. The ideal conditions for lanthanides removal were determined by carefully controlling and optimizing key adsorption factors, including reaction temperature, starting metal concentration, adsorbent mass, contact time, and solution pH. Furthermore, pH 3.5, contact duration of 240.0\u00a0min, adsorbent weight of 0.05\u00a0g, and starting concentration of\u00a0100\u00a0mg/L are the optimal conditions for removing La3+, Eu3+, and Sm3+ ions onto ZrO2. Kinetic modeling revealed that the results were most accurately represented by the pseudo-second-order model, which provided the most accurate for characterizing the adsorption procedure. The obtained data exhibited a resilient correlation to Langmuir and Freundlih models. The thermodynamic analysis further showed that La3+, Eu3+, and Sm3+ adsorbed spontaneously and endothermically on ZrO2. Reusability assessments demonstrated the adsorbent's efficacy over five regeneration cycles. Thus, the promising affinity of ZrO2 for preferential adsorption of La3+, Eu3+ and Sm3+ ions from acidic media is useful.",
"42109017": "ID: 42109017\nTitle: Assessing the relationship between technical efficiency and net carbon balance in industrial hemp production systems in Turkey.\nAbstract: With the encouragement of international climate agreements, scientific and economic communities are increasingly seeking innovative strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to determine the net carbon balance of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) production systems, assess the technical efficiency of hemp farms, and examine the relationship between farm efficiency and carbon emissions. Primary data were collected through face-to-face surveys with 49 industrial hemp farms in Samsun province, the leading hemp-producing region of Turkey. Carbon equivalent emissions were calculated using crop-specific emission coefficients. Data envelopment analysis was employed to identify technically efficient and inefficient farms under industrial hemp seed and hemp fiber production systems. The results indicate that hemp absorbs approximately 16 times more carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere than it emits. One tonne of industrial hemp production was found to reduce 1.83 tonnes of CO2, confirming hemp as a net carbon remover. The net carbon balance of technically efficient farms was 39% higher than that of inefficient farms. Efficient farms absorbed an average of 21.56 tCO2, compared to 15.49 tCO2 for inefficient farms. The simulation results show that if inefficient farms improve their efficiency through input control, the net carbon balance could increase by 5.61 tCO2 per farm, corresponding to a total increase of 196 tCO2. Overall, industrial hemp production systems provide significant climate-regulation ecosystem services, with higher efficiency levels substantially enhancing carbon sequestration performance. Climate change is driven by greenhouse gas emissions from human activities, including agriculture. Identifying farming systems that can both produce crops and reduce carbon emissions is increasingly important. This study examines hemp farming in Turkey to understand its carbon balance and climate benefits. We analyzed data from hemp farms to compare carbon emissions and carbon absorption and to see whether more efficient farms provide greater environmental benefits. The results show that hemp absorbs much more carbon dioxide than it releases, making it a net carbon remover. Efficient hemp farms absorbed significantly more carbon than inefficient farms. Improving farm efficiency further increased carbon absorption. These findings show that hemp farming can support climate change mitigation and that efficient agricultural practices play a key role in strengthening climate\u2010related ecosystem services.",
"42118791": "ID: 42118791\nTitle: Strength and leaching characteristics of stabilized ionic rare earth tailings by microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation.\nAbstract: Ion-adsorbed rare earth mining generates extensive tailings sites with compromised structural integrity and heavy metal contamination. This study employed microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) with Sporosarcina pasteurii to solidify and stabilize ion-adsorbed rare-earth tailings. The effects of treatment method, cementation solution (CS) concentration, and heavy metal contamination level on strength characteristics and heavy metal leaching behavior were investigated. Results showed that the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of samples treated by cyclic grout immersion correlated positively with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content, reaching a maximum of 770 kPa at 1.00\u2009mol/L CS. Surface CaCO3 content increased with heavy metal concentration, while average CaCO3 content initially increased, then decreased with rising CS concentration. MICP treatment significantly reduced heavy metal leaching. For tailings with initial heavy metal concentrations below 500\u2009mg/kg, leaching concentrations were suppressed below 5\u2009mg/L across all CS concentrations tested. Microstructural analysis revealed that amorphous aggregates composed of calcite, heavy metals, and carbonate coprecipitates served as the primary cementing phase, with heavy metal stabilization achieved through precipitation, adsorption, and CaCO3 encapsulation. These findings demonstrate that MICP technology effectively enhances the mechanical strength of rare earth tailings while immobilizing heavy metals, offering a promising approach for tailings remediation. Further research is needed to address scalability, long-term durability, and performance variability across different tailings types.",
"42119894": "ID: 42119894\nTitle: Phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and phosphorus-enriched biochar enhance growth, cannabinoid content, and essential oil yield in salt-stressed hemp (Cannabis sativa L.).\nAbstract: Soil salinity induces phosphorus (P) deficiency, limiting crop productivity, yet the combined use of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and phosphorus-enriched biochar (P-biochar) under salinity remains unexplored. This study presents a novel integrated PSB+P-biochar approach to improve growth and secondary metabolite production in Cannabis sativa L. under salinity stress. A completely randomized design with three independent replicates (each replicate containing two pots) was employed. A factorial experiment was conducted with two factors: salinity at two levels (0 and 100\u202fmM NaCl) and soil amendment at six levels (control, B. subtilis, P. putida, P-biochar, B. subtilis + P-biochar, and P. putida + P-biochar). Seeds were inoculated with PSB and P-biochar was mixed into soil at 2% (w/w). Salinity decreased plant biomass, chlorophyll (Chl), relative water content (RWC), essential oil (EO) yield, and cannabinoids, while increasing proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to the control (no salinity). In plants exposed to salinity stress, P-biochar in combination with B. subtilis and P. putida respectively increased shoot weight (25% and 24%), root weight (28% and 38%), Chl (33% and 29%), RWC (16% and 15%), proline (17% and 19%), EO yield (49% and 37%), cannabidiol (13% and 12%), and tetrahydrocannabinol (16% and 14%), but lowered MDA (23% and 21%) compared to salinity-only treatment. The results are limited to greenhouse conditions and require field validation. Nonetheless, this combined strategy is recommended to enhance plant resilience and optimize pharmacologically active compound production in saline environments.",
"42122784": "ID: 42122784\nTitle: Harnessing Sex Reversion via Chemical Intervention in Cannabis sativa L.\nAbstract: Cannabis sativa is a multipurpose dioecious species whose crop performance is governed by sex expression. Although sex is genetically determined by an X/Y chromosome system, plants can develop flowers of the opposite sex through sex reversion, commonly induced by manipulating endogenous hormone levels using plant growth regulators (PGRs). Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of PGRs that promote or inhibit major hormone pathways implicated in plant sex expression. Male and female clones from two accessions were treated with foliar applications of nine PGRs and four combinatory treatments to assess sex- and genotype-specific responses. Floral biomass and the proportion of each sex were recorded at harvest to assess treatment effectiveness. Ethylene emerged as the primary regulator of chemically modulated sex reversion in C. sativa, with its inhibition by silver thiosulfate inducing strong female-to-male reversion and its promotion by ethephon inducing equally strong male-to-female reversion in the inflorescences. Gibberellin promotion on its own resulted in female-to-male reversion at the axial nodes only, while its inhibition showed no reciprocal effects. The combination of silver thiosulfate and gibberellic acid resulted in the most complete female-to-male reversion, and all sex-reverted flowers were fertile. Together, the results indicated that flowers at axial nodes and at the terminal ends of inflorescences are under different hormonal control. Cytokinins, auxins, and jasmonates were found to exert minimal influence on sex reversion. All treatments exhibited pleiotropic effects, particularly gibberellic acid and paclobutrazol, which altered resource allocation, shifting biomass away from and towards floral tissue, respectively. These findings advance our understanding of the hormonal regulation of sex expression in C. sativa and identify optimized approaches for its manipulation.",
"42123299": "ID: 42123299\nTitle: Phytochemistry-Guided Green Synthesis of Antimicrobial Silver Nanoparticles from Cannabis sativa Chemovars.\nAbstract: The phytochemical variability in Cannabis sativa L. chemovars represents an underexplored factor in environmentally sustainable nanomaterial production. In this study, three distinct chemovars, (i) High-\u03949-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (89% THC), (ii) Balanced (60% Cannabidiol (CBD)), and (iii) High-CBD (89% CBD), were comparatively evaluated to determine their suitability for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Ethanolic inflorescence extracts were used to recover bioactive secondary metabolites; among them, the High-CBD extract exhibited the highest total phenolic (3.34 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and flavonoid (29.49 mg quercetine equivalent/g) contents, together with superior antioxidant capacity (53.16% 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) inhibition), indicating enhanced redox potential for nanoparticle formation. The terpene profile of High-CBD showed a dominance of myrcene (21.4%), contributing to the stabilization of the system. Using the High-CBD extract, predominantly spherical nanoparticles of 5 \u00b1 0.9 nm were synthesized and confirmed by UV-vis, EDS, and TEM. The biogenic AgNPs demonstrated significant dose-dependent antibacterial activity, with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 1.0 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and 4.5 mg/mL against Escherichia coli. These findings highlight the critical role of chemovar-dependent phytochemical composition and support a phytochemistry-guided approach for developing silver nanoparticles with potential biomedical applications.",
"42123526": "ID: 42123526\nTitle: Species-Specific Effects of Humic Substances and Mycorrhiza on Antioxidant Defense and Metal Stress Tolerance in Cannabis sativa, Sorghum sudanense \u00d7 bicolor, and Miscanthus \u00d7 giganteus Under Field Conditions.\nAbstract: Abiotic stresses, including heavy metal contamination, can severely impair plant growth and antioxidative defense. However, their adverse effects may be mitigated through sustainable strategies such as biostimulant application. This study investigated the effects of humic substances (HSs), alone or combined with mycorrhizal inoculation (M), on oxidative stress and antioxidative responses in Cannabis sativa, Sorghum sudanense \u00d7 bicolor, and Miscanthus \u00d7 giganteus grown under field conditions on metal-contaminated agricultural soil exceeding regulatory thresholds for Zn, Pb, and Cd. Plant growth, lipid peroxidation, stress-related metabolites (proline, sugars), antioxidative enzyme activities (catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; guaiacol peroxidase, GOPX; glutathione reductase, GR, and superoxide dismutase, SOD), and leaf metal concentrations were analyzed. Biostimulants increased proline and sugars in Sorghum (by up to 55% and 80%, respectively), accompanied by reduced oxidative stress indicators and improved biomass (by 26%). In Cannabis, higher Cd and Pb concentrations following biostimulant treatments were associated with increased SOD, APX, and GR activities (by 33-267%), without affecting growth. In Miscanthus, increased lipid peroxidation (by 37-60%) occurred alongside enhanced GR and APX activities. These results indicate strong species-specific responses and absence of consistent synergistic effects of HSs and M, highlighting distinct physiological strategies of stress adaptation and antioxidative defense on metal-contaminated soils. Future research should address physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying these responses.",
"42123740": "ID: 42123740\nTitle: Multielement Analysis of Selected Superfood Seeds and Grains Using ICP-OES: Sources of Essential and Toxic Elements.\nAbstract: The term 'superfoods' refers to a rapidly expanding group of food products that have gained increasing global interest due to their high nutritional value and association with health-oriented dietary patterns. Many superfoods, particularly grains and seeds, are rich sources of essential minerals, plant protein, dietary fibre, and bioactive compounds, making them valuable components of gluten-free, vegetarian, and vegan diets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the elemental composition of selected superfood grains and seeds and to verify the reliability of manufacturers' declarations. The analyses confirmed that the investigated samples possess a rich macro- and trace elemental composition, with pronounced differences among product groups. Based on median concentrations, pumpkin and hemp seeds were characterized by generally high levels of Mg, K, P, Fe, Mn, and Zn, whereas chia seeds exhibited notably elevated Ca content. In contrast, quinoa and amaranth showed comparatively lower elemental concentrations. Most of the results obtained for the analysed products are within the permissible deviation from the value declared on the packaging, as specified in the relevant EU regulations. The presence of potentially toxic elements, including Al, Pb, and Cd, was also detected. Cadmium accumulation was of particular concern in flax seeds, where all samples exceeded the limit of quantification and approached permissible levels. Principal component analysis revealed clear clustering patterns, indicating similarities between amaranth and quinoa, as well as between hemp and pumpkin seeds, while chia and flax seeds formed distinct groups. These results highlight both the nutritional potential of superfoods and the necessity for independent verification of their elemental composition.",
"42137120": "ID: 42137120\nTitle: Cannabidiol-Induced Tumor Cell Death: Molecular Mechanisms and Translational Perspectives in Cancer Therapy.\nAbstract: Cannabidiol (CBD), a major non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid derived from Cannabis sativa, has attracted increasing attention as a potential anticancer agent because of its pleiotropic biological activities and favorable safety profile. However, the mechanisms by which CBD regulates tumor cell death and their therapeutic relevance remain incompletely understood. This review summarizes current evidence on the molecular mechanisms by which CBD regulates tumor cell death across different cancer models. Available studies indicate that CBD exerts antitumor effects through multi-target and multi-pathway mechanisms involving oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and modulation of signaling networks such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK, NF-\u03baB, and PPAR\u03b3. Through these interconnected processes, CBD can induce apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and cell cycle arrest in a context-dependent manner. Notably, CBD may activate multiple regulated cell death pathways simultaneously or sequentially within the same tumor model, reflecting a broader stress-response network rather than a single cytotoxic mechanism. By coordinately engaging multiple cell death pathways and modulating the tumor microenvironment, CBD provides mechanistic insights and potential opportunities for the development of novel anticancer strategies. However, current evidence remains predominantly preclinical, while challenges related to oral bioavailability, pharmacokinetic variability, dose optimization, and potential drug interactions continue to limit translational progress. Collectively, available evidence suggests that CBD functions as a pleiotropic modulator of tumor cell fate rather than a classical single-target cytotoxic agent. Further mechanistic, pharmacological, and clinical studies are required to support the rational development of CBD-based anticancer therapies.",
"42140042": "ID: 42140042\nTitle: Metal concentration in biological samples of shipyard welders: a scoping review.\nAbstract: Welding fumes are an unavoidable by-product of welding processes and have been associated with various adverse health effects. In the shipbuilding industry, welders are potentially exposed to large amounts of welding fumes containing various metal species. For the assessment of health risks human biomonitoring (HBM) constitutes a valuable tool determining the actual internal exposure to the metal content. This review aims to provide an overview of the current HBM data on the internal metal burden of shipyard welders, including associations with 1) ambient monitoring (AM) data, 2) welding processes, and 3) an assessment of health risks for welders based on reported HBM results. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for HBM studies providing metal concentrations in biological samples from shipyard welders. Study characteristics, AM and HBM results, and welding processes were extracted. Twenty-two studies were included in this review. Overall, sixteen metals were quantified in biological samples, with manganese, nickel and chromium being the most frequently analysed. In welders, metal concentrations were 1.02 to 20.6 times higher than in controls for 81 % of the HBM data, with a statistically significant difference observed in 33 % of cases. Weak associations were found between metal levels and AM results or welding processes. The limitations of using occupational exposure limits for risk assessment were discussed. Prospective studies with a harmonised design are needed to elucidate causal relationships between welding fume exposure and systemic metal burden, and to facilitate an accurate assessment of the resulting health risks.",
"42141245": "ID: 42141245\nTitle: Metal-Driven Biochemical and Physiological Stress in Fish Inhabiting an Urban Coastal Lagoon: Evidence from an Integrated Multibiomarker Approach.\nAbstract: Urban coastal lagoons are heavily impacted by untreated sewage, industrial effluents and diffuse pollution, heightening ecotoxicological risks. Herein, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was employed as a sentinel species concerning metal exposure at the Jacarepagu\u00e1 Lagoon Complex (JLC), a critical case of ecological degradation under intense anthropogenic pressure in Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil. Samplings were conducted between 2022 and 2023 during the dry (autumn-winter) and rainy (spring-summer) seasons. Organosomatic indices and total (muscle) and subcellular (liver and muscle) metal levels were determined. Antioxidant system alterations were evaluated through superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and metallothionein (MT) assessments. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonylation (PTC) levels were also determined as oxidative effect markers, while vitellogenin (VTG) was used as an estrogenic effect indicator. Arsenic (0.018-0.033\u00a0mg L\u207b\u00b9), Mn (0.041-0.050\u00a0mg L\u207b\u00b9), Rb (0.019-0.023\u00a0mg L\u207b\u00b9), and V (0.008-0.010\u00a0mg L\u207b\u00b9) were detected in water samples in both sampling seasons; while Fe was detected only in the dry season (0.023\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03\u00a0mg L\u207b\u00b9). Subcellular As, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Ti, V, and Zn were quantified in both liver and muscle, albeit with no significant differences between seasons or sexes. Seasonal variations were noted for male VTG, although not statistically significant, with attenuation of sexual VTG differences from the dry (M/F\u2009=\u20090.67) to the rainy season (M/F\u2009=\u20091.20). The multibiomarker approach applied to wild tilapia under diffuse urban pollution indicates mild sublethal effects while highlighting the need for expanded, integrated monitoring of additional endocrine and oxidative biomarkers. Although centered on a specific lagoon complex system, these mechanisms recur in urban lagoons worldwide, indicating the need for consumption-risk evaluations and actionable remediation/management frameworks.",
"42147290": "ID: 42147290\nTitle: Functional and taxonomic shifts in rhizosphere microbiomes of summer legume cover crops.\nAbstract: Legume cover crops are increasingly incorporated into sustainable production systems, yet their influence on rhizosphere microbial communities remains poorly characterized, particularly for underutilized warm-season species. In this study, we investigated rhizosphere bacterial communities associated with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius), and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) in an organic production system using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and compared them with fallow soils. All legume species were associated with shifts in bacterial community composition relative to fallow soil, with increased relative abundance of copiotrophic taxa such as Proteobacteria, while fallow soils were dominated by oligotrophic groups within Actinobacteriota. Distinct species-specific recruitment patterns were observed: tepary bean rhizospheres showed higher relative abundance of Rhizobiales, associated with taxa involved in biological nitrogen fixation, whereas cowpea and sunn hemp supported bacterial groups linked to organic matter turnover and plant growth. Weighted UniFrac analyses indicated clear separation between cover-cropped and fallow soils, accounting for approximately 54% of community variation. Functional predictions using PICRUSt2 suggested representation of pathways related to central carbon metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and siderophore production under legume rhizospheres. Predicted pathways associated with nitrogen metabolism also tended to be more represented under cover crops, although no pathways remained significant after false discovery rate correction. Overall, these findings indicate that summer legume cover crops are associated with shifts in rhizosphere bacterial communities and predicted functional potential relative to fallow soils. These findings highlight the potential of species selection in shaping rhizosphere microbial communities in organic production systems and provide a foundation for future studies investigating microbial processes associated with cover cropping.",
"42147294": "ID: 42147294\nTitle: Genome-wide identification and functional dissection of the BES1 family reveals key regulators of alkali stress response in hemp.\nAbstract: Plants frequently encounter diverse abiotic stresses, which require precise transcriptional regulation to maintain basic survival plasticity. The BES1 transcription factor family, a key component of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling, plays critical roles in plant development and stress responses. However, the genomic characterization, evolutionary characteristics, and biological functions of the BES1 family in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the BES1-like gene family in hemp and classified the 7 identified CsBES1 genes into 5 branches based on their structural and phylogenetic association analysis. Gene promoter analysis revealed that cis-regulatory elements related to development, hormone signaling, and environmental stress (mainly BOX4, G-box, ARE, and ABRE) exhibited a dense distribution, indicating that they are involved in a complex regulatory network. Integrated RNA-sequencing data and gene expression profiling through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that CsBES1-2 and CsBES1-3 genes had a good response towards alkaline stress. Subsequently, the subcellular localization of these two genes showed the cytoplasmic and nuclear distributions are indicative of a phosphorylation-dependent regulatory mechanism. The functional analysis through Yeast Two-Hybrid (Y2H) assays confirmed the activation of transcriptional activity of CsBES1-2 and CsBES1-3 genes and revealed enhanced alkali tolerance in yeast by showing the potential gene expression. In crux, this study provides the first systematic genomic characterization of the BES1 family in hemp and identifies CsBES1-2 and CsBES1-3 as key candidates for improving alkali stress resilience, offering valuable genetic resources for hemp breeding and crop improvement.",
"42159679": "ID: 42159679\nTitle: Investigating the phytohormone-antioxidant interplay mediated by soil amendments and Trichoderma harzianum for enhanced cadmium remediation in Cosmos bipinnatus and Amorpha fruticosa.\nAbstract: Heavy metal contamination, particularly cadmium, poses a significant threat to plant health and agricultural productivity. While phytohormones modulate stress responses, the combined effects of chemical amendments and beneficial microbes on this regulatory network remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the integrated application of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, fertilizers, and Trichoderma harzianum T22 inoculation to mitigate cadmium toxicity in Cosmos bipinnatus and Amorpha fruticosa. The combined treatment significantly improved soil properties, increasing pH from 4.32 to 6.55 and organic matter by 150%, while reducing soil cadmium bioavailability by 74.9%. Plant growth was enhanced, with height increasing by 31% in C. bipinnatus and 29% in A. fruticosa. The amendments restricted cadmium translocation to shoots by up to 68% and boosted photosynthetic efficiency, elevating chlorophyll content by 102% and photosynthetic rate by 102.1%. Phytohormonal analysis revealed up to a 100% increase in jasmonic acid and indole-3-acetic acid, supported by the upregulation of associated biosynthetic and transporter genes. Antioxidant defense systems were strengthened, with activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase increasing by 98% and 105%, respectively, and levels of glutathione and proline rising by 89% and 127%. Furthermore, the treatment promoted a beneficial shift in the rhizosphere microbial community. These results demonstrate that the synergistic strategy effectively enhances plant resilience and cadmium remediation by activating interconnected physiological and molecular pathways. This approach presents a sustainable model for rehabilitating contaminated soils, with promising potential for field-scale application and integration with other phytotechnologies. This study is the first to comprehensively assess the combined effects of chemical amendments (EDTA and fertilizers) and microbial inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum on soil remediation and stress tolerance mechanisms in Cosmos bipinnatus and Amorpha fruticosa grown in cadmium-contaminated soil. By integrating soil physicochemical analyses, plant physiological assessments, phytohormone quantification, gene expression profiling, antioxidant enzyme activities, modulation of rhizosphere microbial communities, and metabolomic profiling, the research provides novel mechanistic insights into how these treatments collectively enhance phytoremediation efficiency and plant resilience. Unlike prior studies that focused on single-factor interventions, this work elucidates the complex interplay between phytohormone signaling and microbial dynamics in mediating heavy metal detoxification, thereby advancing sustainable phytotechnology applications for the management of contaminated soil.",
"42174006": "ID: 42174006\nTitle: Sustainable utilization of biochar and compost using chicken excreta and groundnut shell to enhance soil nutrients and plants growth in Northeast, Nigeria.\nAbstract: Biochar has improved soil fertility and crop productivity in various agricultural and industrial activities. This study assesses the application and characterization of biochar and compost derived from chicken excreta (CEB) and groundnut shells (GSB), evaluating their potential to enhance soil nutrient content and support sustainable agriculture. Collected samples were analyzed for proximate, heavy metals, and physicochemical parameters using FTIR and AAS. Results were analyzed using descriptive and two-way ANOVA statistical analysis for SPSS, and were compared with the WHO and USEPA set standards for soil quality. The obtained results for CEB, GSB and CP gave mean values (%) ranging from 1.13\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01-3.53\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01 for moisture content, volatile matter (2.10\u2009\u00b1\u20090.10-46.01\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01), ash content (6.18\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01-11.50\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05) and fixed carbon (46.77\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01-85.33\u2009\u00b1\u20090.00) for proximate analysis, physicochemical parameters gave 8.45\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01-9.35\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01 for pH, cation exchange capacity (5.33\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01-6.33\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01%) and organic carbon (5.97\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01-6.26\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01%), heavy metals gave 0.00\u00b10.00-20.72\u00b10.00\u00a0mg/kg for Zn, Cr, Pb and Cd for CP, CEB and GSB, and were significantly different at (p\u2009<\u20090.05). Results obtained were below the set standards by the WHO and USEPA for heavy metal concentration in soil for plant growth. The results demonstrated distinct properties of biochar derived from chicken excreta, groundnut shell, and composted biomass. Biochar exhibited lower moisture and volatile matter, and higher fixed carbon content, indicating its stability and suitability for long-term storage, suggesting its potential for carbon sequestration. In conclusion, essential mineral content (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, and Magnesium) found in biochar and compost highlighted their potential to improve soil fertility, thereby providing a sustainable alternative to synthetic fertilizers in agricultural applications.",
"42185735": "ID: 42185735\nTitle: Cannabinoids and Terpenoids in Hemp Inflorescence and Leaves of Three Varieties in Yunnan China.\nAbstract: In this paper, the cannabinoid and terpene components of three different varieties of industrial hemp inflorescence and leaves from Yunnan Province, China, were investigated through liquid chromatography (LC) and headspace solid-phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). The qualitative and quantitative analyses data were statistically analyzed to identify and distinguish the differences and correlations among the different cultivars. The results showed that the content of \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC) in all the samples of experiment was less than 0.3%, meeting the legal requirements of industrial hemp in China. The \u03949-THC content in hemp flowers and leaves of the three varieties \"Yunma 7, 8, and 10\" decreased in turn, while the content of cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) gradually increased, which reflected the differences in the key chemical substance contents among the three varieties with different uses. The content of total beneficial cannabinoids and cannabidiol (CBD) was the highest in Yunma 8. The volatile components of the Yunma variety are extremely abundant, and among them, terpenes are the main components that contribute the distinctive aroma of \"Yunma,\" including caryophyllene, bisabolene, humulene, and alloaromadendrene. The finding of this study may help provide a reference for the medical and pharmaceutical development of industrial hemp, while also providing a scientific basis for variety optimization of the Yunma series.",
"42196320": "ID: 42196320\nTitle: Identification of Changes in the Transcriptome Profile of Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells Exposed to Combined Sorafenib and Cannabis Treatment.\nAbstract: Cannabis-derived compounds are increasingly used as adjuncts in cancer therapy due to their reported antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. However, potential drug-herb interactions with standard anticancer agents-namely sorafenib-remain unclear. This study investigated the interaction between cannabis and sorafenib, together with transcriptomic alterations in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, and drug interactions were evaluated using the Combenefit program. RNA sequencing was performed to characterize gene expression changes across treatment groups. Combination analysis demonstrated concentration-dependent synergistic effects at intermediate doses. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that the combination treatment induced a broader and more distinct set of differentially expressed genes compared with single treatments. Integrated enrichment analyses showed consistent activation of stress- and inflammation-related pathways, including tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 via nuclear factor-kappaB (TNF/NF-\u03baB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT), oxidative stress, and p53-mediated apoptosis, alongside suppression of metabolic and proliferative processes. While several pathways were shared across treatments, the combination group exhibited a more coordinated transcriptional response, including enrichment of integrated stress response, cytokine signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and epigenetic regulation. These findings were supported by increased reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis, particularly in the combination group. Overall, cannabis may potentiate sorafenib activity through enhanced cellular stress and anti-proliferative signaling.",
"42196667": "ID: 42196667\nTitle: Adverse Effects of Non-Medical Use of Cannabis or Opioids Associated with Adverse Childhood Experiences.\nAbstract: Non-medical use of cannabis (NmC) and/or opioids (NmO) can lead to adverse health effects (AHEs), yet the proportion of these harms attributable to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) remains unclear. This study estimated the contribution of ACEs to AHEs from NmC and/or NmO among adults aged \u226518 years using 2019-2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from Arizona and Massachusetts. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 24,739 respondents, linking past ACE exposure to self-reported NmC/NmO/NmC&NmO and related AHEs. Generalized linear models with a log link and binomial distribution adjusted for socio-demographic, healthcare access, and geographic factors were used to estimate associations and population-attributable fractions (PAFs). Propensity score methods matched respondents with and without ACEs on demographic and location characteristics. Among all the adults, 17.9% reported NmC, 5.8% reported NmO, and 2.4% reported NmC&NmO; among users of NmC/NmO/NmC&NmO, 5.0%/13.2%/36.0% reported AHEs. Among the respondents reporting AHEs from non-medical substance use, exposure to \u22652 ACEs was common (NmC: 89%; NmO: 82%; NmC&NmO: 84%). Compared to adults without ACEs, those with \u22652 ACEs had a higher likelihood of AHEs for NmC (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 3.54, 95% CI: 1.65-7.59) and NmO (aRR = 3.64, 95% CI: 1.99-6.66) but not NmC&NmO (aRR: 1.86, 95% CI: 0.84-4.09). PAFs indicated that 63% (NmC) to 64% (NmO) of AHEs among the adults reporting NmC or NmO were attributable to \u22652 ACEs. Preventing childhood adversity may substantially reduce substance-related harms in adulthood.",
"42198908": "ID: 42198908\nTitle: Phytogenic Self-Conducting Flash Joule Heating Converts Rare-Earth Hyperaccumulator Biomass into Graphene Composites with Minimized Life-Cycle Impacts.\nAbstract: Rare-earth elements (REEs) are essential to clean-energy technologies, yet their extraction remains energy intensive and environmentally damaging. Although REE hyperaccumulator plants offer sustainable bioresource, their conversion into functional materials is inefficient and poorly developed. Here, we report a feedstock-customized phytogenic self-conducting flash Joule heating (PSC-FJH) strategy that directly converts REE hyperaccumulator plants into CeO2-graphene electrocatalysts within seconds, without external conductive additives or energy-intensive pretreatment. The low-temperature FJH (\u223c600 \u00b0C, 1.4 s) first forms conductive biochar, enabling subsequent high-temperature FJH (\u223c2600 \u00b0C, 0.4 s) that induces graphene formation and simultaneous in situ oxidation of endogenous Ce to uniformly dispersed CeO2 particles. The resulting CeO2-graphene exhibits oxygen reduction reaction activity, surpassing that of commercial carbon black. Life-cycle assessment shows that PSC-FJH reduces energy consumption by over 70% compared with conventional graphitization processes. This work integrates ecological phytomining with ultrafast carbon conversion to upgrade REE hyperaccumulator plants into high-value catalytic materials.",
"42200298": "ID: 42200298\nTitle: Fabrication of an Antibacterial Alginate/Chitosan Hydrogel Dressing Loaded With CuO Nanoparticles for Wound Dressing Applications.\nAbstract: Chronic wounds require multifunctional dressings capable of simultaneously controlling infection, managing exudate, and promoting tissue regeneration. This study develops CuO nanoparticles incorporated alginate/chitosan hydrogel dressing reinforced onto nonwoven fabrics of pure cotton, pure hemp, and 50:50 cotton: hemp blend fabricated via full factorial design for wound dressing applications. The composites were characterized by surface morphology, chemical structure, mechanical properties, antibacterial activity, air permeability, and water absorbency. Morphological analysis confirms uniform hydrogel coating and successful CuO deposition. Mechanical strength and water absorbency increased with hydrogel concentration, with a maximum tensile strength of 115.61\u2009N for the hemp reinforced sample at 2%. All CuO-loaded hydrogel composite dressings exhibited effective antibacterial performance. Although higher hydrogel concentrations reduce air permeability, blended substrates achieve a balanced combination of strength, breathability, and exudate management. This eco-friendly, cost-effective composite demonstrates strong potential for infection control for wound healing applications.",
"42210051": "ID: 42210051\nTitle: Hybrid genome assembly of the cannabis powdery mildew agent Golovinomyces ambrosiae uncovers important resources for deciphering virulence factors.\nAbstract: Cannabis powdery mildew, caused by the fungal pathogen Golovinomyces ambrosiae, poses a significant threat to licensed producers as its presence on marketable products can compromise product innocuity. While there is a focus in research for resistance genes within the Cannabis sativa germplasm, there is a lack of genetic information regarding the infecting agent, preventing validation of their effectiveness against different populations as the plant-pathogen interaction most likely follows a gene-for-gene relationship. In this paper, we assembled the first G. ambrosiae genome, providing insights into its genomic content and potential virulence determinants. The assembly was made using a hybrid approach, combining Oxford Nanopore Technologies long reads and Illumina short reads. The resulting 155.2\u00a0Mb genome is composed of 73 contigs, 13 scaffolds and has a completeness score of 97.5%. Subsequent analysis highlighted the substantial transposable elements content of the pathogen, occupying 82.64% of its genomic composition. Prediction of protein-coding genes revealed 6995 highly confident gene models, including 169 candidate effector proteins. Among the latter, we highlighted 14 candidates sharing key characteristics of confirmed effectors in other powdery mildew pathosystems such as the presence of signal peptides, RALPH-like domains, and Y/F/WxC motifs. The result of this study provides valuable resources for future identification of avirulence genes within the G. ambrosiae species, responsible of conferring resistance when encoded effectors are recognized by a cognate host's resistance genes. Those findings will lead to guided breeding strategies and, ultimately, the selection of cultivars adapted to the pathogen's virulence profile.",
"42213593": "ID: 42213593\nTitle: The Determination of potentially toxic elements (Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, and Lead) in Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) from using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP OES).\nAbstract: Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) readily accumulates potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from soil. PTE exposure is linked to cancer, nephrotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Non-intoxicating hemp products in New Jersey are not subject to mandatory PTE testing, posing a consumer safety risk. This study presents a single-laboratory validation of an ICP OES method for the determination of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg in hemp, evaluated against AOAC SMPR 2020.001 performance criteria. Ground hemp (0.125\u2009g) was digested using HNO3/HCl/H2O2 (190\u2009\u00b0C, 20\u2009min) and diluted to 50\u2009mL. Samples were analyzed on an Agilent 5800 ICP OES with a seven-point calibration (1-100\u2009\u03bcg/L), Au/Sc internal standards, and KHP carbon for matrix matching. Spike recoveries for Cd (92.7%) and Pb (96.2%) met AOAC SMPR 2020.001 criteria (80-115%). Mercury recovery (47%) fell below acceptance limits due to matrix suppression and volatility losses. The As LOD (0.807\u2009\u03bcg/g) exceeded sample concentrations in most specimens. LOQ values for all four elements exceeded the SMPR 2020.001 threshold of 10\u2009\u00b5g/kg (0.01\u2009\u00b5g/g). Calibration linearity was confirmed for all analytes (r\u2009\u2265\u20090.995). Partial validation was achieved: Cd and Pb demonstrated acceptable accuracy and repeatability, but LOQ criteria were not met for any analyte. ICP OES is not suitable for Hg or As at regulatory trace levels; ICP MS is recommended for these elements. This method offers a cost-effective screening tool for Cd and Pb in hemp. This study presents the first single-laboratory ICP OES validation for PTEs in hemp under AOAC SMPR 2020.001. Cd and Pb met accuracy and repeatability criteria; As and Hg did not meet sensitivity requirements. ICP MS is recommended for regulatory As and Hg testing in hemp.",
"42215551": "ID: 42215551\nTitle: Preparation and characterization of natural gum nanomuscovite nanocomposite for removal of heavy metals.\nAbstract: A common technique to boost the adsorption capability of adsorbent material's is to alter its composition. In this study, novel nanomuscovite / Arabic gum nanocomposite was synthesized to increase heavy metals adsorption capacity of nanomuscovite. The nanocomposite was fabricated using freeze-drying precipitation by loading gum Arabic (GA) on muscovite nanoparticle. Arabic gum particle was loaded into nanomuscovite with ratios 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 by weight. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and BET specific surface area. The effects of various parameters (pH, solution temperature, composite dose, contact time, and metal concentrations) on adsorption capacity of Cd and Pb were studied. Four surface adsorption models were used, including Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Temkin, and Freundlich models. The kinetics adsorption of Cd and Pb on the adsorbent surface was investigated using the pseudo first order, pseudo second order, intraparticle diffusion, and Elovich models. It was reported that nanocomposite prepared with a 2:1 w ratio of Arabic gum to nanomuscovite exhibited higher Cd and Pb removal than with the others. Additionally, the maximum Cd and Pb adsorption efficiencies (45.9, 38.01 mgg-1, respectively) and high removal percentage (95% and 96%, respectively) were achieved at pH 7, 0.1\u00a0g adsorbent dosage, 75 ppm metal concentration, 25\u00a0\u00b0C solution temperature, and 60\u00a0min shaking time. The adsorption of these metals followed the Langmuir model, while the kinetics information fits a pseudo-second order. Thermodynamic calculation of Pb and Cd ion interactions indicate that the reaction is exothermic, as evidenced by the negative free energy \u0394G\u00b0 value, which suggests that the process occurs spontaneously.",
"42225656": "ID: 42225656\nTitle: Machine learning based prediction of diesel engine emissions and performance using hemp biodiesel enriched with nano additives.\nAbstract: The present study was focused on the experimental and machine learning approach to evaluate the diesel engine parameters behavior with hemp biodiesel blends enriched with nano additives (Al2O3, TiO2 and MWCNT's) at different loads. The Hemp biodiesel was characterized by using FTIR and GC-MS analysis. The nano additives were examined through a SEM and XRD analysis for identifying the morphological structure and crystalline phases. The experimental results revealed that HMBD20\u2009+\u2009MWCN100 fuel shows higher BTE (5.60%) and lower BSFC (18.58%) compared to HMBD20 fuel. The CO and HC pollutants for HMBD20\u2009+\u2009TINP100 fuel were diminished by 22.24% and 16.12% but NOx emissions were enhanced by 13.7% than HMBD20 fuel at peak load. For predictive modelling, Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were employed using the engine load and fuel type as input features. The DT model exhibits a higher prediction accuracy of R2 0.9899 & 0.998 and lowest RMSE of 1.085 & 0.0264 for BTE and BSFC data. The greater accuracy of R2 of 0.9865, 0.9899 and 0.9975 were achieved by DT model for CO, HC and Smoke emissions but NOx emissions were predicted by 0.9997 by using ANN model. The optimal condition was recorded for HMBD20\u2009+\u2009100 ppm MWCNT fuel at 75% load, achieving BTE (32.56%), BSFC (0.30\u00a0kg/kWhr), CO (0.12%), HC (42 ppm), NOx (980 ppm), Smoke opacity (35.2 HSU) and CO2 (7.48%) which confirms the strong potential of nano additive hemp biodiesel for efficient and cleaner operation of a diesel engine.",
"42230368": "ID: 42230368\nTitle: Comparative Performance of Different Plants as Phytoremediators for Heavy Metals Released by Varying Density Road Traffic in District Malakand, Pakistan.\nAbstract: Heavy metals released by traffic pollution significantly harm plant and animal health. This research aimed to determine how well different plant species can perform phytoremediation along roadsides with varying levels of traffic. Samples from 18 different native plants, along with soil and water, were collected at four locations with varying traffic intensities, identified as low (L1), moderate (L2), high (L3), and very high (L4), and tested for their phytoremediation capabilities for Pb, Cd, Ni, and Zn. For all samples, the concentration of heavy metals increased with increasing road traffic from low (L1) to very high (L4). The maximum heavy metal concentration (111.67, 7.41, 95.12 and 10.47\u00a0mg kg-1), bioaccumulation factor (1.18, 6.18, 1.09 and 1.32), and translocation factor (0.986, 0.973, 0.989 and 1.102) for Zn, Cd, Pb, and Ni were observed for plant species Dodonaea viscosa, Cyprus rotundus, Verbesina encelioides, and Cynodon dactylon, respectively. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the species Verbesina encelioides, Cyprus rotundus, Cynodon dactylon, and Dodonaea viscosa are efficient phytoremediators for Pb, Cd, Ni, and Zn toxicity, respectively. Hence, these are recommended for phytoremediation of roadside soils polluted by vehicular emissions in ecological conditions similar to those of District Malakand.",
"42233680": "ID: 42233680\nTitle: Metabolic diversity of Ferrovaceae and potential contributions to iron oxidation.\nAbstract: Active and abandoned metal and coal mines generate acidic, metal-laden water that pollutes downstream areas, commonly referred to as acid mine drainage (AMD). AMD is host to microbial communities, including acidophilic iron oxidizers. Microbially mediated iron oxidation is a desirable (bio)remediation strategy for AMD. Ferrovaceae are Fe-oxidizing bacteria observed in AMD globally and thus could be an asset for bioremediation strategies. To better understand the potential for Ferrovaceae to contribute to AMD bioremediation, we analyzed 240 genomes and metagenome-assembled genomes from Ferrovaceae, including sequences from AMD sites with high iron oxidation rates. Based on our analyses, the phylogenetic and physiological diversity of this group is greater than previously known. We found that while all taxa are likely capable of iron oxidation using a cyc-2 like protein, some may also be capable of iron oxidation using an Mto-like protein. We also identified Ferrovaceae that are likely capable of anoxygenic phototrophy. Our findings indicate that multiple Ferrovaceae populations co-occur and suggest that differences in physiology may promote niche differentiation along resource axes. Physiologically diverse iron oxidizer communities could support a more resilient microbial community, resulting in higher iron oxidation rates and potentially more efficient bioremediation, and thus our results also indicate that future studies that link taxonomy with iron oxidation activity are warranted.IMPORTANCEAcid mine drainage (AMD) pollutes watersheds worldwide. Microbial communities can be leveraged to improve AMD bioremediation because they drive biogeochemical processes in these ecosystems. In AMD streams, iron-oxidizing microbial populations remove iron from the AMD effluent by precipitating iron oxides, which absorb other metals. These communities vary across sites and differ in how rapidly they oxidize iron. The factors that contribute to iron oxidation rates are not well understood, making it difficult to design effective bioremediation strategies. Ferrovaceae populations are widespread in AMD globally, including in sites with exceptionally high rates of iron oxidation. To examine the potential for Ferrovaceae to be key components of bioremediation strategies, we examined the genomic content and functional potential of Ferrovaceae in publicly available metagenomic data sets. Our analysis uncovered several new species of Ferrovaceae as well as an expanded metabolic potential for this group. Comparative genomics suggests that functional diversity leads to co-occurrence of multiple Ferrovaceae species at the same sites. The presence of multiple iron-oxidizing taxa with distinct physiology could be beneficial for bioremediation strategies.",
"42242531": "ID: 42242531\nTitle: Unravelling the intricate effects of metal contamination on pathogen infection risk and fish health.\nAbstract: Metal contamination and pathogens often co-occur in freshwater ecosystems, yet their combined effects on wildlife health remain poorly understood. We investigated whether metal contamination modulates disease risk and fish health in brown trout (Salmo trutta, Linnaeus, 1758) exposed to the pathogen Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Canning, 1999), responsible for the Proliferative Kidney Disease (PKD). We sampled 40 wild trout populations along gradients of metal contamination (copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, lead) and pathogen infection in French Pyrenean rivers. Using Structural Equation Modelling, we tested how metal contamination was linked to pathogen pressure in the environment, pathogen load in fish (resistance), PKD symptoms (tolerance) and fish health biomarkers. We show that rivers with higher metal concentrations were negatively associated with bryozoan occurrence (the pathogen's final host), which was in turn associated with reduced pathogen pressure (pathogen spores in the water). In addition, metal concentration in fish tissue was associated with altered health biomarkers and pathogen load, depending on the metal considered. First, higher selenium concentrations in fish tissues were associated with increased pathogen load, suggesting low resistance to the pathogen. Second, higher arsenic concentrations in fish tissues were linked to increased PKD symptoms (kidney swelling and anaemia), suggesting reduced tolerance to the pathogen. Third, higher concentrations of cadmium in fish tissues were associated with reduced immune ratios, while copper was positively linked to genotoxic damage and energy depletion, resulting in lower body condition. In contrast, no clear relationship was observed between lead and fish health. Overall, our findings suggest that metal contamination could affect disease risk through direct effects on pathogen pressure in the environment, and through indirect effects on fish resistance/tolerance to the pathogen through metal-specific physiological pathways. By simultaneously considering pathogen pressure and multiple health biomarkers under natural conditions, this study highlights how co-occurring stressors could shape fish-pathogen interactions.",
"42243176": "ID: 42243176\nTitle: Efficiency of mining rock wastes in the removal of toxic heavy metal ions (Pb\u00b2+, Cu\u00b2+, and Cd\u00b2+) from contaminated water solutions.\nAbstract: The Abu Tartur Plateau in the Western Desert of Egypt hosts the largest phosphate mining operation in the Middle East. Mining activities in this area generate several million tons annually of overburden waste materials, including carbonate, black shale, siltstone, glauconite, and sandstone. In the present study, phosphatic dolomite (PD) and black shale were collected from these mining wastes. Phosphatic dolomite, along with sodalite-based phosphatic dolomite (SBPD) synthesized from calcined phosphatic dolomite (CPD) and black shale, were evaluated as low-cost adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals (Pb\u00b2\u207a, Cu\u00b2\u207a, and Cd\u00b2\u207a) from synthetic wastewater. Heavy metal contamination, particularly by Cd, Pb, and Cu, represents a major global environmental challenge. Among the available remediation techniques, adsorption is widely considered one of the most effective approaches due to its environmental sustainability, economic feasibility, and operational simplicity. The materials (PD, CPD, and SBPD) were characterized by using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and BET surface area. Key adsorption parameters-including adsorbent dosage, pH, initial metal concentration, and contact time-were systematically investigated for Pb\u00b2\u207a, Cu\u00b2\u207a, and Cd\u00b2\u207a removal. The optimal adsorption performance for SBPD was achieved using a dosage of 0.2\u00a0g for Pb\u00b2\u207a and Cd\u00b2\u207a, whereas PD showed optimal removal efficiencies at 0.3\u00a0g for Pb\u00b2\u207a and 0.6\u00a0g for Cu\u00b2\u207a. Both adsorbents exhibited a preferential removal order of Pb\u00b2\u207a > Cu\u00b2\u207a > Cd\u00b2\u207a. Kinetic and isotherm models were applied to interpret the adsorption mechanisms. The results of the present study confirm that sodalite based phosphatic dolomite (SBPD) exhibited higher metal removal efficiency than unmodified phosphatic dolomite (PD).",
"42243895": "ID: 42243895\nTitle: Plasma and urinary exposure of cannabidiol and cannabidiolic acid in horses following consumption of contaminated feed.\nAbstract: Cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) are non-psychoactive cannabinoids naturally present in hemp-derived products. While these compounds are prohibited during equine competition, horses may be inadvertently exposed through contaminated feed. Data describing systemic and urinary exposure to CBD and CBDA following such low-dose, involuntary intake are limited. This study aimed to describe plasma and urine concentration-time profiles of CBD and CBDA in horses after consumption of experimentally contaminated feed. Twelve Standardbred horses received feed containing low doses (10-15\u00a0mg) of either CBD or CBDA twice daily for three days. Neither compound was detected in pre-administration samples. Following exposure, CBD was only sporadically quantifiable in plasma, whereas CBDA was detected in plasma from most horses for up to 48\u00a0h. In urine, both cannabinoids were quantifiable in all horses, with CBDA consistently present at higher concentrations and for longer durations than CBD. Maximum observed urinary concentrations were markedly higher for CBDA than for CBD. Considerable inter-individual variability was observed in both plasma and urine concentrations. Neither CBD nor CBDA was detected in plasma or urine for more than four days. Overall, systemic exposure following feed contamination was low compared with doses reported to produce therapeutic effects in horses or other species. Low-dose oral exposure to CBD and CBDA, mimicking feed contamination, can result in detectable concentrations of cannabinoids in equine plasma and urine, with CBDA representing the predominant analyte. Although the study was not designed to establish detection times and analytical sensitivity may differ from routine doping control, the findings demonstrate that inadvertent exposure through feed may lead to measurable cannabinoid concentrations despite doses well below those associated with reported pharmacological effects. These results highlight the importance of awareness of potential contamination sources and cautious interpretation of low-level cannabinoid findings in equine biological samples.",
"42243928": "ID: 42243928\nTitle: Nutritional, antinutritional, and heavy metal profiles of ethnopoultry botanicals in Central Uganda.\nAbstract: In Central Uganda, smallholder farmers rely on indigenous ethnoveterinary botanicals as phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) for indigenous chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). However, the balance between their nutritional benefits and toxicological risks remains poorly characterized. Following an ethnoveterinary survey in Najjembe sub-county where Capsicum frutescens (ranked 2nd ), Cannabis sativa (3rd ), and Nicotiana tabacum (4th) were prioritized by farmers, this study investigated their nutritional and safety profiles. Aloe vera (1st ) was excluded from analysis due to extensive prior documentation. Samples were analyzed for proximate, mineral, and antioxidant profiles using AOAC Official Methods. Antinutrients (tannins, oxalates, phytates) and heavy metals (Pb, Cd) were quantified using vanillin-HCl spectrophotometry and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, respectively. Results showed significant nutritional variation among species (p\u2009<\u20090.05). C. sativa contained the highest crude protein (22.20\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1%) and was exceptionally rich in calcium and potassium. C. frutescens exhibited the highest caloric density (452.9\u00a0kcal/100\u00a0g) and antioxidant activity (IC50\u2009=\u200911.78\u00a0mg/mL). Conversely, N. tabacum had the highest iron and magnesium but also the highest antinutrient concentrations. Critically, lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels in N. tabacum and C. sativa significantly exceeded FAO/WHO safety limits (Pb\u2009>\u20090.3\u00a0mg/kg), resulting in hazard indices (HI\u2009>\u20091.0), signaling potential health risks for chickens and consumers. While these plants offer high nutraceutical value, the heavy metal bioaccumulation in N. tabacum and C. sativa necessitates strict inclusion limits and processing to ensure food safety. C. frutescens is recommended as the most viable PFA for feed integration.",
"42245013": "ID: 42245013\nTitle: Multi-Ancestry Survival GWAS of Substance Use Initiation in the ABCD Study.\nAbstract: Substance use initiation in adolescence is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors; however, large-scale genetic studies often treat initiation as a binary outcome and underuse longitudinal timing information. We conducted time-to-event (survival) genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) of initiation for four outcomes-alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, and any substance use-using longitudinal follow-up data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. We performed ancestry-stratified GWAS within European (EUR), African (AFR), and Hispanic (HISP) groups, applying consistent quality control and covariate adjustment. Summary statistics were harmonized across ancestries and meta-analyzed using inverse-variance weighted fixed-effects and DerSimonian-Laird random-effects models. We evaluated genomic inflation and heterogeneity (Cochran's Q and I 2 ), identified independent lead variants at genome-wide and suggestive significance thresholds, and assessed cross-trait overlap of associated loci. In the multi-ancestry meta-analysis, we observed suggestive association signals across traits (minimum p -values: alcohol \u223c 1 \u00d7 10 -7 , any \u223c 1 \u00d7 10 -7 , cannabis \u223c 5 \u00d7 10 -8 , nicotine \u223c 1 \u00d7 10 -8 ). Nicotine initiation showed one genome-wide significant variant in both fixed- and random-effects meta-analyses ( p < 5 \u00d7 10 -8 ). Across traits, suggestive loci demonstrated limited overlap, with the strongest concordance between alcohol and any substance use, consistent with shared liability. Heterogeneity statistics indicated that some loci exhibited cross-ancestry variation in effect estimates. Survival GWAS leveraging initiation timing can identify genetic signals that may be missed by binary designs and enables principled multi-ancestry synthesis. Our results highlight both shared and trait-specific genetic contributions to early substance initiation and provide a foundation for downstream functional annotation and integrative modeling with environmental risk factors. These findings demonstrate the value of incorporating developmental timing into genetic discovery and provide a framework for integrating longitudinal risk modeling with genomic analyses.",
"42245109": "ID: 42245109\nTitle: Harnessing Cannabis sativa as a dual-use platform for biohydrogen production and pharmaceutical synthesis: a hypothesis and theory.\nAbstract: Cannabis sativa, long established as a cornerstone of the pharmaceutical and industrial fiber markets, represents a radical and underexplored platform for renewable energy innovation. In this Hypothesis and Theory framework, we introduce a novel, patented (Provisional Patent No. 63916615) dual-use bio-refinery paradigm. This model harnesses engineered cannabis photosynthesis to drive green hydrogen production without compromising its established value as a high-yield medicinal crop. By strategically redirecting photosynthetic electron flow toward oxygen-protected hydrogenase activity, it is possible to generate molecular hydrogen at commercially relevant scales while maintaining plant viability. Unique to this model is the ability to leverage over $10 billion in existing controlled-environment agriculture (CEA) infrastructure, bypassing the capital-intensive barriers that have hindered traditional algal biohydrogen systems. We outline a tripartite circular economy strategy that integrates hydrogen capture during the vegetative phase with the subsequent harvest of therapeutic cannabinoids and industrial biomass. This convergence of synthetic biology, clean energy, and biomedicine positions cannabis as a uniquely versatile multipurpose crop capable of fueling both the pharmaceutical industry and the global transition to a sustainable hydrogen economy.",
"42255631": "ID: 42255631\nTitle: Synthesis and Characterization of CoFe2O4-Mn3O4-TiO2 (TMC) Nanocomposite as an Efficient Adsorbent for Heavy Metal Removal.\nAbstract: Toxic heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium, and mercury pose serious environmental and health hazards due to their persistence and bioaccumulation in aquatic systems. In this study, a ternary metal oxide nanocomposite of CoFe2O4-Mn3O4-TiO2 (TMC) was synthesized by mixing individually prepared oxide precursors. The precursors were first synthesized separately via the coprecipitation method and subsequently mixed and thermally treated to obtain the final TMC nanocomposite. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, FTIR, TG-DSC, SEM-EDX, TEM, VSM, and BET analyses and evaluated for its effectiveness in heavy metal removal. The ternary metal oxide exhibited an average crystallite size of less than 100 nm. Magnetic characterization showed saturation magnetization (Ms) of 8.44 emu g-1, remanent magnetization (Mr) of 3.48 emu g-1, and coercivity (Hc) of 661.58 Oe, confirming its suitability for magnetic separation. With a BET surface area of 8.1 m2/g, it demonstrated remarkable heavy metal removal efficiencies following the order: Cr6+ (84%) > Pb2+ (81%) = Hg2+ (81%) > Cd2+ (72%) at a high metal concentration of 300 ppm, pH \u223c6.5 and temp 26 \u00b0C, establishing it as a promising candidate for wastewater remediation applications.",
"42257385": "ID: 42257385\nTitle: Thermal Conductivity Enhancement of Cu- and Ag-Decorated MWCNT Hybrid Nanofluids Synthesized via Probe Ultrasonication.\nAbstract: Hybrid Ag/MWCNT and Cu/MWCNT nanofluids were synthesized in ethylene glycol using a surfactant-free probe ultrasonication method and evaluated at ultralow solid concentration (0.001-0.01\u2009wt%). TEM analysis indicated decoration of MWCNTs with Ag and Cu nanoparticles, while Raman spectroscopy indicated defect-mediated interactions and structural perturbation of the functionalized MWCNT framework, as suggested by increased ID/IG ratios. UV-Vis spectra showed Ag/MWCNT and Cu/MWCNT plasmonic bands at 380-420 and 300-360\u2009nm, respectively, confirming dispersion in EG. At 0.001\u2009wt%, periodic UV-Vis/zeta-potential tests over 4 weeks indicated acceptable stability, with preserved spectra and negative \u03b6 values \u226530\u2009mV. Thermal conductivity measurements (20\u00b0C-70\u00b0C) revealed clear enhancement with temperature and metal concentration, reaching \u22485.5% for Ag/MWCNT-EG and \u22488% for Cu/MWCNT-EG at 0.01\u2009wt% and 70\u00b0C. The superior performance of Cu/MWCNT-EG is likely associated with stronger interfacial interactions between Cu and carboxylated MWCNTs, enabling more efficient phonon-electron heat transfer pathways. Compared with similar carbon-, metal-, and hybrid-based nanofluids commonly using \u22650.05-0.3\u2009wt%, this work achieves measurable thermal improvement at 0.001-0.01\u2009wt%, highlighting an effective, scalable, surfactant-free platform for designing stable, low-viscosity, high-performance heat transfer fluids for high heat flux heat exchangers, electronic cooling applications.",
"42262708": "ID: 42262708\nTitle: COVID-19 Racial Discrimination and Substance Use among Asian Americans by Gender.\nAbstract: The COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by a surge in anti-Asian racial discrimination in the United States. To date, there has not been a study that examined the role of gender among Asian Americans (AAs) during the pandemic and its associations with racial discrimination and substance use. This study examined the relationship between COVID-19-related discrimination and substance use behaviors among AAs and investigated the moderating role of gender. We used survey data from N\u2009=\u20091,052 AA Chinese, Filipino/a/x, and South Asian adults (Mage\u2009=\u200936.58, women\u2009=\u200969%) collected in May 2022. COVID-19-related discrimination was measured across three dimensions: direct overt-, direct subtle-, and vicarious discrimination. Substance use outcomes included past-year frequency of alcohol, tobacco/nicotine, cannabis, and other illicit substance use. Ordinal logistic regression models examined main effects and gender interactions. Overall, COVID-19 racial discrimination was significantly associated with increased odds of all substance use: alcohol (OR\u2009=\u20091.72), tobacco/nicotine (OR\u2009=\u20091.77), cannabis (OR\u2009=\u20091.85), and other illicit substances (OR\u2009=\u20092.88). Direct overt discrimination demonstrated the strongest associations across all substances. Gender significantly moderated the discrimination-substance use relationship for alcohol and cannabis, with men showing stronger associations (alcohol interaction OR\u2009=\u20091.46; cannabis interaction OR\u2009=\u20091.68). Marginal effects revealed that men experienced consistently larger probability increases in substance use across all discrimination types compared to women. COVID-19-related racial discrimination is robustly associated with substance use among AAs, with AA men demonstrating particular vulnerability to alcohol and cannabis use following discriminatory experiences. Results underscore the need for gender-specific, culturally tailored interventions addressing discrimination-related substance use in AA populations.",
"42278332": "ID: 42278332\nTitle: The Role of the Rhizosphere, Endophytes, and the Influence of Plant-Growth-Promoting Bacteria: Take the Cannabis Microbiome as an Example.\nAbstract: Cannabis sativa L. is a multipurpose crop of increasing agricultural and medical relevance, whose productivity and phytocannabinoid profile are influenced not only by genotype and environmental factors but also by the composition of its microbiota. This review synthesizes current knowledge (2020-2026) on the rhizosphere and endophytic microbiota of hemp, with particular emphasis on plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and their mechanisms of action. Molecular studies indicate that hemp-associated bacterial communities are dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Firmicutes and Bacteroidota, with genotype-, tissue- and developmental-stage-dependent variation. PGPB influence plant performance through direct mechanisms, including biological nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, siderophore production and phytohormone synthesis (indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins, cytokinins, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase), as well as indirect mechanisms such as antibiosis, enzyme-mediated pathogen inhibition and induction of systemic tolerance to abiotic stress. Experimental studies demonstrate that inoculation with selected strains or consortia can enhance biomass accumulation, improve germination and root architecture, increase resistance to Fusarium oxysporum and modulate cannabinoid and terpene profiles. Importantly, plant responses are cultivar-specific, highlighting the need for genotype-tailored microbial formulations.",
"42280149": "ID: 42280149\nTitle: Sustainable Extraction of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds from Cannabis Leaf Powder from Local Strain of Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina, to Promote a Circular Economy.\nAbstract: This study aimed to optimize the extraction of total phenolic compounds from Cannabis sativa L. leaf powder cultivated in Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina (INBIOFIV 00500 Tuc chemotype), using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and to evaluate the process at a screening level in terms of environmental performance. Although leaves are not the primary raw material in the medicinal cannabis industry-where inflorescences are preferentially used due to their cannabinoid content-they represent an underutilized biomass with potential for valorization as a source of bioactive phenolic compounds for cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical applications. The leaves were dried and ground to a particle size between 74 and 840 \u00b5m. The effects of process parameters, including solid-to-liquid ratio, solvent composition, and extraction time, were evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions predicted by the model were 46% ethanol, a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:10 (w/v), 70% amplitude, and 30 \u00b0C. Although the model indicated a short optimal sonication time (1 min), experimental results showed that a plateau in extraction yield was reached at 6 min, with no significant increase thereafter. Under these conditions, the extract exhibited high total phenolic content (1746.83 \u00b5g GAE/mL) and total flavonoids (858.41 \u00b5g QE/mL), along with strong antioxidant activity. The extract showed no significant toxicity in the Artemia salina assay. The environmental performance of the process was assessed at a laboratory scale. The total energy consumption was 0.329 \u00b1 0.08 kWh per extraction batch, corresponding to a carbon footprint of 0.12 kg CO2 per batch, based on Argentina's electricity emission factor (0.387 kg CO2/kWh). When normalized to extraction yield, the process exhibited a relative carbon footprint of 0.0052 kg CO2/mg GAE, indicating favorable energy efficiency per unit of antioxidant recovered. These results demonstrate that UAE is a rapid and energy-efficient technique for the recovery of phenolic compounds from cannabis leaves, supporting their valorization within a circular economy framework. However, further studies at a pilot scale and full life cycle assessment are required to confirm the environmental performance of the process at industrial level.",
"42280528": "ID: 42280528\nTitle: Nano-ZnO-Crosslinked Pectin/CMC Film with Enhanced Hydrophobicity and UV-Blocking for Blueberry Packaging.\nAbstract: Developing a biodegradable film with integrated mechanical robustness and multifunctionality remains a significant challenge for sustainable food packaging. Herein, a pectin/carboxymethyl cellulose composite film (PNZxC) incorporated with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) was fabricated via a solution casting method to achieve the synergistic enhancement of structural and functional properties. ZnO exhibits dual functionality within the polymer matrix, serving both as a reinforcing filler and as a coordination interaction node via interactions with carboxyl groups. At an optimal loading, the PNZ2C film demonstrates a uniform dispersion of nanoparticles, facilitating the development of a dense network structure and enhancing intermolecular interactions. Consequently, the film showed reduced water vapor and oxygen permeability, attributable to the formation of tortuous diffusion pathways, together with increased surface hydrophobicity and a significantly improved tensile strength of 25.4 MPa. Enhanced thermal stability and excellent UV-blocking performance were also achieved. Notably, the optimized film demonstrated superior preservation performance in blueberry storage, effectively reducing moisture loss and delaying quality deterioration compared with the control. These findings provide new insights into the structure-property relationships of ZnO-polysaccharide nanocomposite systems and highlight a viable strategy for designing high-performance, biodegradable packaging materials with integrated multifunctionality.",
"42295626": "ID: 42295626\nTitle: Role of emergent macrophytes for phytoremediation of nutrients, heavy metals, and arsenic in constructed wetlands.\nAbstract: Nutrients, heavy metals (HMs), and arsenic (As) pollution in the environment increased sharply after the Industrial Revolution. At present, global anthropogenic sources of nutrients and HMs remarkably exceed the geogenic sources, perturbing environmental sustainability and human health. The ecological risk of deploying traditional chemical technologies underscores the need of fostering phyto-technologies as green approach for wastewater treatment. Nonetheless, knowledge is insufficient on sustainability paradigm of emergent macrophytes-driven phytoremediation in constructed wetlands (CWs). Macrophytes are equipped with unique physico-biochemical and molecular mechanisms associated with\u00a0oxidative stress tolerance and inorganic pollutants remediation. Therefore, the present review offers a panoramic view on the use of hyperaccumulator emergent macrophytes in CWs for nutrients, HMs, and As remediation. Further, the present discussion prioritizes the quest for bioprospecting emergent macrophytes in fostering up-scaled wastewater phytotechnologies. The results reveal the potential role of emergent macrophytes in phytoremediation of inorganic pollutants, including metal-based nano-scale particles. Phytostabilization is elucidated as major mechanism of phytoremediation to mitigate human health risks and eutrophication. Last, the limitations and prospects in emergent macrophytes-based phytotechnologies are discussed to help achieve \"United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals\" (UN-SDGs). In future prospects, biomass of emergent macrophytes can be coupled with \"Plant microbial Fuel cell\" (PMFC) for renewable energy and climate action, nurturing SDG 7 and SDG 13. Moreover, technoeconomic and life-cycle assessment of phytotechnology need to be abridged with \"Biorefinery and Circular Bioeconomy\" and \"Functionalized Biochar Carbon Composites\" to help achieve sustainable phytoremediation for timely accomplishment of multiple UN-SDGs.",
"42299234": "ID: 42299234\nTitle: Cross-Disorder Pruning-Plasticity-Aging Architecture in Substance Use Disorders and Anxiety: Transcriptome-Wide Association Insights and Mechanistic Synthesis.\nAbstract: Substance use disorders and anxiety are clinically heterogeneous, and broad case-control genetic designs can obscure stage- and subtype-specific biology. A recent series of five transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) preprints by Cheung examined opioid exposure versus dependence progression, alcohol misuse latent classes, cannabis use disorder, anxiety, and aging-related gene sets. Together, these studies suggest a cross-disorder architecture organized around a Pruning-Plasticity-Aging axis. This synthesis is narrative and hypothesis-generating, because the primary cross-disorder evidence comes from preprints and genetically predicted expression rather than measured patient expression. In this model, liability is not distributed along a single psychiatric-risk continuum. Instead, opioid exposure and some lower-risk or internalizing alcohol profiles appear to involve altered neuroimmune pruning and glial-synaptic refinement, whereas opioid dependence progression, heavier alcohol classes, broad-risk alcohol profiles, and cannabis use disorder show stronger involvement of glutamatergic plasticity, presynaptic adaptation, reward-circuit remodeling, AMP-activated protein kinase-mechanistic target of rapamycin (AMPK-mTOR) nutrient sensing, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and selected nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)/sirtuin stress-response branches. Anxiety diverges by loading more strongly on inflammatory-apoptotic signaling, complement/sterile alpha and toll/interleukin receptor motif-containing protein 1 (SARM1)-linked axonal stress, and mitochondrial NAD-stress programmes. The most promising findings include stage-specific opposition in opioid TWAS profiles, latent-class plasticity inversion in alcohol misuse, a triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2)-positive cannabis use disorder profile contrasted with a SARM1/complement C1q C chain (C1QC)-positive anxiety profile, and branch-specific rather than global aging biology. This review synthesizes these findings; places them in established addiction, neuroimmune, and aging biology; and outlines validation priorities for colocalization, fine-mapping, cell-type resolution, and functional testing.",
"42315114": "ID: 42315114\nTitle: Seed Compositional Profiling of 21 Industrial Hemp Varieties and Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Wild and Cultivated Cannabis sativa L. Genotypes.\nAbstract: Industrial hemp is a nutritious crop with wide implications. We conducted a comprehensive study of amino acid, fatty acid, and sugar profiles, which have a profound impact on human nutrition and animal feed. We found that variety significantly influences the nutritional profile of hemp. Furthermore, we found glutamic acid, arginine, and aspartic acid to be the primary amino acids; linoleic acid was the major fatty acid, and fructose and sucrose were the dominant sugars. Proteomic analysis identified 240 differential proteins (DEPs) in wild and cultivated dual-type varieties and 648 in wild and fiber-type hemp varieties. We found that all the varieties shared common proteins, indicating a strong seed proteomic profile in the domesticated and wild-type varieties. Notably, most of the differentially expressed proteins were downregulated in cultivated types compared to their wild counterparts. Overall, this study elucidates the nutritional and proteomic profiles of diverse hemp varieties, providing fundamental insights into the molecular and genetic changes associated with the domestication and cultivation of hemp.",
"42331398": "ID: 42331398\nTitle: Quantitation of E-Cigarette Aerosol Mass in Liquid Impinger Solution Using the 13C of E-Liquids: Application for Metal Analyses.\nAbstract: Liquid impingers, i.e., bubbling gaseous or aerosol samples through a liquid-based collection solution, are often used in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) research to capture aerosols for metal analysis. However, a key limitation is the accurate quantitation of the mass of aerosol collected in the impinger solution for metal data normalization, which is necessary for comparison with prevaped e-liquid metal concentrations and for comparison across studies. To address this gap, we developed a novel approach to quantitate collected aerosol mass in a simple liquid impinger by leveraging the carbon-13 (13C) of aerosolized e-liquids, which enabled the parallel determination of aerosol mass and metal concentration by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The method demonstrated low limits of detection and quantitation, excellent solution stability (\u22644 months), and high accuracy and precision across spiked quality control samples, diverse e-liquid formulations, and multiple aerosol collection techniques (84.4-101% recovery with \u22644.6% relative percent deviation). Compared with an aerosol condensate collection method, the liquid impinger was equally effective at collecting metals, with metal concentrations on a mass-per-puff (ng/puff) basis within \u223c7% for chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), antimony (Sb), and lead (Pb). Aerosol metal concentrations on a mass-per-mass basis (ng/g) quantified using the 13C-derived aerosol mass from the liquid impinger were strongly correlated with (R2 \u2265 0.97) but consistently greater than those from the condensate collection approach, due to differences in aerosol collection efficiency between methods. The liquid impinger enabled parallel aerosol mass and metal quantitation, offering a new approach for future e-cigarette aerosol studies, with potential application for investigations into future liquid impinger collection optimizations, e-liquid-to-aerosol metal transfer, and redox-sensitive speciation (e.g., Fe, Cu, Cr, Sb).",
"42338575": "ID: 42338575\nTitle: Characterization of bacterial endophytes isolated from Cannabis sativa L. and Chelidonium majus L. for their application as biostimulants and biocontrol agents.\nAbstract: Endophytic bacteria contribute to plant growth, stress tolerance, and pathogen resistance. Their effective use in agriculture requires the identification of strains that combine multiple beneficial traits with consistent performance across different field conditions. Accordingly, this study examines Bacillus and Pseudomonas endophytes isolated from Cannabis sativa L. and Chelidonium majus L. for plant growth promotion, abiotic stress tolerance, and biocontrol properties. Plant growth-promotion traits included indole, siderophore, and organic acid production, phosphate and zinc solubilization, and biofilm formation. Results showed that all the tested bacterial isolates produced indoles, with the highest levels recorded in Pseudomonas strain PPW-26, whereas several Pseudomonas strains exhibited strong siderophore production. Strain PPW-26 tested positive for methyl-red, indicating organic acid production, whereas other Pseudomonas strains tested negative. Moderate to high nutrient solubilization profiles were observed across all Pseudomonas strains. Bacillus strains, particularly BS-114, exhibited higher biofilm formation relative to Pseudomonas. Assessment of abiotic stress tolerance included proline accumulation, superoxide dismutase activity, and growth under varying temperature, salinity, and drought conditions. All strains displayed tolerance to the tested stresses, with Bacillus strains showing stronger resilience to high temperature and salinity, accompanied by elevated proline accumulation and superoxide dismutase activity in selected strains. Biocontrol potential was evaluated through biosurfactant production and antifungal activity. Bacillus strains showed high biosurfactant activity and strong inhibition of fungal pathogens. Strain BS-120 exhibited broad-spectrum inhibition against Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium graminearum, and Rhizoctonia solani-AG3. Analysis of genome sequences identified biosynthetic gene clusters encoding antifungal metabolites, including fengycin and surfactin, consistent with the observed inhibition. Genome-wide similarity analysis and ANI-based clustering revealed the presence of highly similar and genetically distant strains within each genus. For Bacillus spp., ANI values ranged from 87.62% to 98.83%, whereas for Pseudomonas spp. they ranged between 83.91% and 99.99%, confirming the presence of substantial intra-genus diversity. Phylogenetic analysis showed well-supported clades consistent with ANI clustering. Overall, this study demonstrates that endophytic Bacillus and Pseudomonas strains exhibit complementary and strain-dependent traits associated with plant growth promotion, stress tolerance, and pathogen suppression, supporting their further evaluation as potential bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture.",
"42339559": "ID: 42339559\nTitle: Associations Between Noticing Product Features in Cannabis Vape Product Advertisements and Product Use Perceptions Among Young Adults: A Heatmap Experiment.\nAbstract: Advertising for cannabis vape products (CVPs) often highlights product features related to their functions and perceived benefits. Such messages may encourage CVP use among young adults (YAs), a group with rising prevalence and heightened vulnerability to CVP use. We examined the associations between noticing product feature messages in CVP ads and product use perceptions among US YAs of varying CVP-use statuses. YAs (n\u2009=\u20092024) who either use CVPs or are susceptible to CVP use completed an online heatmap (a visualization tool representing attention data) experiment in 2024. Participants viewed 6 CVP ads that each portrayed 3 of the following 9 types of product feature messages: creativity, physical health benefits, social enhancement, mental health benefits, relaxation, positive flavor sensation, positive mood effects, convenience/discreetness, and elevated potency. Participants clicked on the message that most attracted their attention in each ad and then reported use intentions, positive use expectancy, and perceived mental and physical health benefits related to using the advertised products. We examined associations between noticing product feature messages and perception outcomes, controlling for covariates. Noticing messages about physical health benefits was positively associated with product use intentions (coef.\u2009=\u20090.343, P\u2009=\u2009.000), positive use expectancy (coef.\u2009=\u20090.107, P\u2009=\u2009.002), and perceived physical (coef.\u2009=\u20090.189, P\u2009=\u2009.000) and mental (coef.\u2009=\u20090.171, P\u2009=\u2009.000) health benefits. Noticing messages about social effects was positively associated with product use intentions (coef.\u2009=\u20090.410, P\u2009=\u2009.000), positive use expectancy (coef.\u2009=\u20090.163, P\u2009=\u2009.000), and perceived mental health benefits (coef.\u2009=\u20090.229, P\u2009=\u2009.000). Additionally, noticing messages about creativity was positively associated with product use intentions (coef.\u2009=\u20090.164, P\u2009=\u2009.007). Attention to several product feature messages in CVP ads was associated with intentions and positive perceptions of using the advertised CVPs among YAs, which may lead to future use. Results from this study can inform strategies for reducing the appeal and influence of CVP marketing among this vulnerable population.",
"42340025": "ID: 42340025\nTitle: Decoding the Toxicity of Synthetic Cannabinoids: From Receptor Activation to Multiorgan Dysfunction.\nAbstract: Synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs) represent a rapidly expanding and chemically diverse class of new psychoactive substances, deliberately designed to mimic the effects of natural cannabis. However, their high potency and full agonism at cannabinoid receptors lead to severe public health risks. The primary mechanism of SCBs' action involves the robust activation of CB1 and CB2 receptors, which in turn trigger a cascade of downstream events. This includes the profound dysregulation of key neurotransmitter systems, critical ion channel functions, and essential intracellular signaling pathways, culminating in widespread cellular dysfunction and damage. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted pathogenesis through which SCBs induce systemic harm. It systematically examines the clinical evidence and molecular mechanisms that connect SCB exposure to a spectrum of adverse outcomes, including life-threatening cardiovascular toxicities, significant neurological and psychiatric disorders, respiratory system diseases, digestive system diseases, and nephrotoxicity, and so forth. The point of this review, elucidating the intricate mechanisms underlying SCB toxicity, will be crucial, as this knowledge is the key to unlocking targeted therapies and effectively mitigating the severe health consequences of their abuse.",
"42346424": "ID: 42346424\nTitle: Sorghum and Hemp Responses to Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganism Inoculation in Metal-Contaminated Dredged Sediment: A System-Level Assessment Under Environmentally Relevant Outdoor Pot Conditions.\nAbstract: Metal-contaminated dredged sediments represent heterogeneous environmental matrices in which remediation responses are frequently constrained by elevated background metal loads and complex geochemical conditions. Within such systems, phytoremediation has been discussed as a nature-based management approach whose outcomes depend on plant biomass, internal metal allocation, and context-dependent interactions between plants and sediment. The present study evaluated whether bacterial and fungal plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) were associated with changes in plant metal uptake and internal allocation in Sorghum bicolor L. and Cannabis sativa L. grown in dredged sediment collected from the Bega Canal. An outdoor pot experiment was conducted under environmentally relevant conditions, including bacterial and fungal inoculation treatments alongside non-inoculated controls, with plant responses to Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb characterized using concentration- and mass-based uptake metrics, root-shoot partitioning, and sediment geochemical assessment based on pseudo-total concentrations and BCR sequential extraction fractions. Across treatments, plant responses were largely governed by intrinsic species traits and biomass production, while PGPM-associated effects remained modest and variable. Root-dominated metal retention and limited translocation were evident irrespective of species, consistent with a phytostabilization-type response rather than systematic extraction. Absolute metal uptake accounted for only a minor fraction of total sediment metal pools, underscoring the importance of interpreting concentration-based indices jointly with mass-based metrics when evaluating system-scale responses. Altogether, the findings indicate that under the investigated outdoor dredged sediment pot conditions, PGPM inoculation acts primarily as a context-specific modulator of plant responses rather than a driver of enhanced phytoremediation performance, reflecting the central role of intrinsic plant traits and stabilization-oriented processes in complex sediment systems.",
"42346440": "ID: 42346440\nTitle: A Multidisciplinary Review of Phytoremediation Strategies for Heavy Metal-Contaminated African Soils: From Geochemical Assessment to Genetic Enhancement.\nAbstract: African soils face increasing levels of metal pollution due to industrialization, artisanal mining activities, improper waste management, and enhanced agricultural productivity. However, unlike many organic pollutants, heavy metals do not degrade naturally and therefore persist in environmental systems for prolonged periods. Heavy metals accumulate over many decades in the soil and bioaccumulate through the food chain causing severe health complications such as cancer, kidney problems, and neurological impairment. This paper reviews the current literature on the origin, prevalence, and behavior of the main pollutants Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Hg, and Cu. The major phytoremediation methods including phytoextraction, rhizofiltration, phytostabilization, and phytovolatilization are highlighted alongside in planta screening methods for hyperaccumulating plants including Berkheya coddii (Ni) and Haumaniastrum robertii (Co). The paper evaluates various enhancement techniques such as the use of chelators, Rhizobium inoculations, and genetic modifications. The significance of these approaches in tropical and subtropical climates is discussed. The paper suggests a holistic framework involving empirical kinetic modeling, geospatial machine learning (random forest, kriging), and molecular omics in prediction modeling. Major hurdles in such predictions include lack of field-based verification of the models, biotechnology safety of genetically modified (GM) organisms, and inadequate regulations. Future perspectives emphasize community-driven phytomining, biomass recycling, and resilient phytoremediation solutions.",
"42354362": "ID: 42354362\nTitle: Soy Whey Wastewater-Derived Sodium Alginate/Cellulose Composite Beads for Efficient Copper (II) Ion Adsorption: Performance and Mechanism.\nAbstract: A sustainable alginate-based composite adsorbent was developed by valorizing soy whey wastewater for the efficient removal of copper (II) ions from aqueous solutions. Soy whey wastewater/sodium alginate/cellulose (SWWSAC) beads were fabricated via a controlled slow-release calcium ion cross-linking strategy. This strategy resulted in homogeneous gelation, effective encapsulation of wastewater-derived organics and the formation of a hierarchical mesoporous structure. Compared with pure sodium alginate (SA) and sodium alginate-cellulose (SAC) beads, the SWWSAC beads exhibited a significantly higher specific surface area (3.95 m2/g) and pore volume (0.021 cm3/g), thus having markedly enhanced copper (II) ion adsorption performance. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrate that the adsorption process was strongly dependent on solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial metal concentration. Kinetic analysis indicates that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order model, while equilibrium data were well described by the Langmuir isotherm, corresponding to monolayer chemisorption. Based on this isotherm, SWWSAC beads had a theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of 168.3 mg/g (25 \u00b0C), 190.8 mg/g (35 \u00b0C), and 204.4 mg/g (45 \u00b0C). Thermodynamic results reveal that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. FTIR and XPS analyses confirm that copper (II) ion removal was governed by synergistic complexation involving carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, and protein-derived nitrogen-containing functional groups. Moreover, the SWWSAC beads had a copper (II) ion removal efficiency of (92.4 \u00b1 0.4)% and retained 73.3% of their initial adsorption capacity after six regeneration cycles in actual electroplating wastewater treatment. In this process, the beads exhibited good anti-interference performance against coexisting cations and good structural stability. Therefore, this work demonstrates an effective and low-cost strategy for copper (II) ion removal while providing a value-added route for the sustainable utilization of soy whey wastewater.",
"42357184": "ID: 42357184\nTitle: Evaluating Co-Ensiling Strategies to Valorise Duckweed as a Sustainable Feed Ingredient.\nAbstract: Duckweed (Lemnaceae) is a promising alternative feed crop, particularly in regions with nutrient surpluses and protein deficits, as it grows efficiently on nutrient-rich agricultural wastewater and provides protein-rich biomass. However, its high moisture content and rapid post-harvest spoilage pose major storage challenges. This study evaluated (co-)ensiling as a cost-effective preservation strategy for duckweed. Three separate experiments were conducted to assess the ensilability of duckweed alone and in combination with various agricultural co-substrates and additives, including corn silage, beet pulp, grass silage, hemp shives, hay, molasses, sun-dried duckweed and CaCO3. Duckweed alone could not be successfully ensiled due to excessive moisture, resulting in poor acidification and high levels of undesirable fermentation products. During the long-term co-ensiling test, a duckweed-corn silage mixture containing 29% fresh duckweed and 71% corn silage showed the most stable fermentation profile, with low pH, limited fermentation losses, and no detectable butyric acid. A duckweed-grass silage mixture containing 51% fresh duckweed and 49% grass silage allowed higher duckweed inclusion and retained the highest level of apparent pepsin-digestible protein after storage, but showed elevated acetic acid and ethanol concentrations. A duckweed-beet pulp mixture containing 74% fresh duckweed and 26% beet pulp enabled the highest duckweed inclusion rate, but showed signs of clostridial fermentation, likely due to excess moisture. Microbiological analysis of this beet pulp mixture showed reduced Enterobacteriaceae after ensiling, but also increased clostridial counts. Oxalic acid concentrations were low in all duckweed-based silages, with the largest reduction observed in the duckweed-grass mixture. Overall, the results show that duckweed co-ensiling is feasible but highly dependent on co-substrate selection and moisture control. Further formulation optimisation is required, particularly for high-duckweed mixtures, to reduce the risk of clostridial fermentation and improve practical applicability as a storable feed ingredient.",
"42357414": "ID: 42357414\nTitle: New Concepts for the Cascading Use of Biomass in Existing Value Chains in Central Europe.\nAbstract: Bioeconomy is an important concept of economic development, supported at the highest political levels. However, its successful implementation calls for action within local markets. This study, therefore, examined the market readiness to engage in bioeconomy growth and emerging value chains in Italy, Slovenia, Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria. The objectives were to assess the market readiness for placing novel bioproducts based on by-products and waste from primary production and agri-food processing sectors, and to evaluate the economics of their production. Specific goals were to estimate the availability of by-products and waste used for making new products, evaluate the main directions and trends in the use of by-products and waste, analyse the main barriers and restrictions to by-product and waste supplies to new enterprises and innovative applications, and make an economic assessment of the market entry of innovative products and their development. The study showed that the oil industry, with a high residue potential, was most often chosen to market new products. Other sectors where value chains can be created or modified are the fruit, winery, grain and milling, wood, hemp, and vegetable industries. PESTEL analysis demonstrated that economic factors, at both national and global levels, are the most common barriers to supplying by-products and waste to new business entities. Technological factors also significantly impede the delivery of by-products and waste to such new enterprises and their processing into novel products. In contrast, social conditions are the main factors stimulating supply of by-products and waste to such new plants. The results provide a preliminary insight into the Central European market and its enormous development potential, which is already implicated in the context of growing bioeconomy.",
"42357416": "ID: 42357416\nTitle: CBD-Containing Hemp Extracts and Isolated CBD for Acne: A Systematic Review of Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms, Clinical Signals and Sustainability.\nAbstract: Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has emerged as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds, with increasing interest in cosmeceutical applications for acne management. This systematic review synthesises evidence on cannabinoid-containing hemp extracts, particularly cannabidiol (CBD), with emphasis on anti-inflammatory and sebostatic mechanisms, alongside formulation considerations and supply-chain sustainability. Reporting followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and encompassed preclinical and clinical evidence relevant to acne-associated outcomes. The review protocol was registered prospectively with PROSPERO (CRD420251272093). Across cell-based, ex vivo and early clinical studies, CBD modulated key inflammatory mediators, including TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6 and IL-8; normalised sebocyte activity and attenuated Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes)-induced inflammatory signalling. Preliminary clinical observations indicate reductions in lesion counts and erythema, with generally favourable short-term tolerability; however, interpretation is limited by small sample sizes, predominantly non-randomised designs, heterogeneous formulations and frequent co-formulation with additional active ingredients. Evidence supporting direct antimicrobial efficacy and durable clinical benefit remains limited. Lipid-rich hemp seed-derived products were considered only in a contextual capacity for barrier-supportive and nutritional properties and were excluded from efficacy synthesis unless cannabinoid content was verified. Sustainability analyses highlight hemp's low water requirements, carbon sequestration potential and relevance to Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being) and Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production), supporting its role in environmentally responsible cosmeceutical development. Overall, CBD-containing hemp extracts show biologically plausible and clinically promising adjunctive potential for mild-to-moderate inflammatory acne, but current evidence remains preliminary. This review highlights the need for methodologically rigorous and transparent clinical studies, standardised formulations, validated outcome measures and the integration of sustainability metrics to strengthen evidence synthesis, clarify clinical relevance and guide responsible cosmeceutical development.",
"42361501": "ID: 42361501\nTitle: Sublethal effects and bioaccumulation of \"smart\" anti-corrosion nanoadditives spiked in sediment in the ragworm Hediste diversicolor.\nAbstract: Metallic corrosion poses an economic problem worldwide and is often mitigated by adding corrosion inhibitors (CIs) to protective coatings. Conventional CIs, such as 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and benzotriazole (BTA), exhibit toxicity to aquatic biota, necessitating the development of eco-friendly alternatives. ZnAl layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been used to immobilize CIs, reducing their toxicity and providing long-term protection through controlled release. This study evaluated the toxicity of CIs (MBT, BTA, bio-based sodium gluconate, and sodium nitrite, NaNO2), their nanostructured forms (LDH-MBT, LDH-BTA, LDH-Gluconate, LDHNO2), and the base nanomaterial (LDHNO3). Adverse effects were assessed using the benthic polychaete Hediste diversicolor through a battery of biochemical biomarkers (AChE, LPO, CAT, and GST) and bioaccumulation analysis, coupled with the quantification of Al3+ and Zn2+ dissolution from the nanostructures in both aqueous and sedimentary compartments. Juveniles were individually exposed in spiked sediment at three concentrations (0.2, 2, 20 mg kg-1) for 10 days. Metal concentration in water did not differ significantly from the control levels. Conversely, there was a significant decrease in Al3+ and Zn2+ in the sediment in most treatments compared to the control, with the exception of Zn2+ at the highest LDH-Gluconate and LDH-BTA exposure levels. Biochemical biomarkers indicated neurotoxicity induced by MBT, LDH-MBT, LDH-BTA, and LDHNO3, with a decrease in AChE activity, despite no significant bioaccumulation. In contrast, the bio-based LDH-Gluconate and the bio-inspired LDHNO2 exhibited no significant toxicity, representing promising eco-friendly options for marine anticorrosive applications.",
"42364828": "ID: 42364828\nTitle: Visible light driven g-C3N4/TiO2 photocatalysis for selective delignification of hemp biomass under mild conditions.\nAbstract: The inherent recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass, primarily attributed to the dense lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC), restricts the efficient valorization of plant fibers. Conventional alkaline degumming strategies suffer from high energy consumption, severe pollution, and non-selective cellulose degradation. Herein, a mild, alkali-free pretreatment strategy was developed using a visible-light-driven g-C3N4/TiO2 heterojunction to achieve efficient and selective delignification of hemp fibers. Under ambient conditions (30\u00a0\u00b0C, neutral pH), the system achieved a delignification efficiency of 69.08\u00a0% while preserving the cellulose crystallinity (CrI increased to 78.64\u00a0%). Crucially, 2D-HSQC NMR and EPR analyses revealed a selective oxidative mechanism: photogenerated superoxide radicals (\u2022O2-) acted as specific nucleophiles, preferentially cleaving the labile lignin \u03b2-O-4 ether bonds (from 40.9\u00a0% to 13.5\u00a0%), while leaving the chemically robust C-C linkages and the cellulose backbone largely intact. Consequently, the pretreated fibers exhibited superior mechanical strength (4.13 cN/dtex) compared to traditional alkaline-treated samples (3.56 cN/dtex). This work provides a sustainable, low-severity paradigm for biomass fractionation, offering fundamental insights into the photocatalytic cleavage of lignin inter-unit linkages.",
"42371602": "ID: 42371602\nTitle: Heavy Metal Concentration in Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla L.) Cultivated Along River Banks in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.\nAbstract: This study employed flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine the levels of selected heavy metals in Swiss chard. Samples were collected from three vicinities of Addis Ababa: Akaki, Sebeta, and Kotebe. A 0.5-g dried and powdered sample was analyzed using the wet digestion method with 69%-72% HNO3 and 70% HClO4, with optimized digestion. The calibration curves and coefficient (r) value were between 0.996 and 0.999, showing very good linearity. The accuracy of the optimized procedure was tested using samples that had a known amount of the substance added. The recovery percentages ranged from 95.89% to 100%, which is a good range. The mean concentrations (mg/kg) of nickel (0.017) and zinc (0.088) in the Swiss chard were determined . The mean concentrations of metals in Swiss chard from the three areas indicated a higher concentration of zinc in Kotebe compared to Akaki and Sebeta. A higher concentration of nickel (Ni) was found in Akaki's Swiss chard compared to Sebeta and Kotebe. The Pearson correlation coefficients of metals from the Swiss chard between nickel and zinc showed a very strong correlation. The best approach combines immediate risk reduction such as cleaner irrigation and consumer warnings, with long-term remediation such as soil treatment, pollution control, and policy enforcement to protect both farmers and consumers.",
"42374233": "ID: 42374233\nTitle: Whole-genome analysis reveals the tandem duplication of Cannabis sativa L. GATA and their stress-responsive expression during seed germination.\nAbstract: GATA transcription factors (TFs) are zinc finger proteins that regulate diverse developmental and stress-responsive processes in plants. Despite the growing economic importance of Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) as a source of fiber, seed oil, and bioactive compounds, the GATA TF gene family has not been systematically characterized in this species. This study aimed to perform a comprehensive genome-wide identification and characterization of GATA TF genes in C. sativa L. and to investigate their expression responses during early seed germination under abiotic stress conditions. A total of 17 GATA TF genes (CsGATAs) were identified in the C. sativa L. genome and phylogenetically classified into three clusters: Cluster I (12 members), Cluster II (one member), and Cluster III (four members). Evidence of localized gene family expansion was observed, with tandem duplication events identified in CsGATA2, CsGATA5, CsGATA6, CsGATA10, CsGATA11, and CsGATA14, distributed across Clusters I and III. Gene structure analysis revealed significant variation, with exon numbers ranging from 2 to 10. Promoter analysis of the 2000 base pairs (bp) upstream regions showed enrichment of stress and hormone-responsive cis-acting elements, with abscisic acid (ABA) responsive elements present in 12 of the 17 promoters. Transcriptomic profiling during early germination under cold stress (4\u00a0\u00b0C), salt stress (200\u00a0mM NaCl), and combined cold and salt stress revealed distinct expression patterns. CsGATA3 was consistently downregulated across all three stress conditions (log2FC of -1.14 under salt stress, -1.08 under cold stress, and -1.23 under combined stress). In contrast, CsGATA9 and CsGATA14 responded specifically to combined stress, with CsGATA9 downregulated (log2FC of -1.62) and CsGATA14 upregulated (log2FC of\u2009+\u20091.62). qRT-PCR analysis of five differentially expressed CsGATA genes confirmed the RNA-seq expression trends, showing strong concordance between the two platforms (Pearson r\u2009=\u20090.83, p\u2009<\u20090.001). This study provides the first genome-wide characterization of the GATA TF family in C. sativa L. and reveals gene family expansion driven by tandem duplication. The identification of stress-responsive members, particularly CsGATA3 as a broadly downregulated gene across all stress conditions and CsGATA14 as specifically induced under combined stress, highlights candidate transcriptional modulators of abiotic stress adaptation during hemp seed germination. These findings lay a foundation for functional studies and molecular breeding strategies aimed at improving stress tolerance in hemp.",
"42375164": "ID: 42375164\nTitle: Lifetime sexual violence and tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use among French adults: A national survey.\nAbstract: Sexual violence can lead to significant health impacts, including higher risk of substance use. This study examines the association between lifetime experiences of sexual violence and substance use in a large nation-wide sample of French adults. Data were drawn from the 2017 Health Barometer, a cross-sectional survey of 25,319 French adults aged 18-75, conducted in Mainland France between January and July 2017. Five substance use outcomes were examined: daily tobacco use, heavy drinking, regular binge drinking, monthly cannabis use, and problematic cannabis use. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between sexual violence and each of these outcomes. A total of 9.5% of women and 2% of men reported having experienced sexual violence. In adjusted analyses, lifetime experience of sexual violence was associated with increased odds of all five substance use outcomes. Lifetime sexual violence was also linked to study outcomes in stratified analyses by sex, with particularly strong associations for monthly cannabis use (women aOR\u00a0=\u00a02.53, 1.90-3.34; men aOR\u00a0=\u00a02.10, 1.37-3.16). These findings support the need for integrated care addressing both sexual violence history and substance use among sexual violence victims-survivors.",
"42377620": "ID: 42377620\nTitle: Integrating soil properties, remote sensing indices, and machine learning for predicting soil heavy metal concentrations in an industrial area.\nAbstract: Soil heavy metal contamination has become a serious environmental problem particularly in industrial areas. This study investigates the potential of integrating soil physiochemical parameters and remote sensing (RS) datasets with machine learning (ML) models including random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and support vector regression (SVR) to predict soil heavy metal concentrations. A total of 130 systematic soil samples were collected and analyzed for nine heavy metals (i.e., Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn) using ICP-MS, and fourteen different RS indices derived from Landsat 9 imagery. Among the ML models, RF and XGB revealed moderate performance, yielding the highest R2 values for Fe and Cd reaching 0.52 and 0.41, respectively, and the lowest RMSE (0.15 and 0.14), respectively, across several metals. While KNN and SVR demonstrated weaker performance, the KNN generating the lowest R2 value for Pb and Cr achieves 0.04 and 0.07, respectively. The underestimated and overestimated bias values among heavy metals were low ranged between -4.60 and 2.41%. Spatial prediction maps showed heterogenous contamination patterns throughout the study area and outlined hotspot zones across industrial region. The investigation suggests that ML models captured broad spatial contamination trends across the study area, although predictive performance varied among heavy metals. However, RS data alone cannot be used to predict heavy metal concentration. These findings offer valuable insights to inform environmental monitoring strategies and risk evaluation within industrial landscapes.",
"42380444": "ID: 42380444\nTitle: Graphene-based composites for heavy metal adsorption: a review on synthesis, mechanisms, and influencing factors.\nAbstract: Heavy metal contamination in aquatic ecosystems is a global concern due to its toxicity, persistence, and potential for bioaccumulation. Effective removal is therefore essential. Among other techniques, adsorption is the most reliable and prevalent method of water purification. Graphene-based adsorbents exhibit significant advantages, including high specific surface area, small particle size, excellent mechanical properties, abundant functional groups, and high adsorption efficiency, making them promising materials for heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions. This article reviews recent advances in graphene and its derivative composites for heavy metal adsorption. It discusses structural features, adsorption mechanisms, synthesis methods, and the historical development of these composites. Key factors influencing adsorption capacity-such as temperature, pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial metal concentration, organic ligands, and coexisting ions-are also examined. Additionally, adsorption thermodynamics and regeneration behavior are evaluated, and future research directions for practical applications are outlined.",
"42390180": "ID: 42390180\nTitle: Vinyl Ether Maleic Anhydride Copolymers: Efficient and Reusable Sorbents for Removing Heavy Metals from Water.\nAbstract: Vinyl ethermaleic anhydride (VEMA) copolymers were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization and hydrolyzed to generate dicarboxylate-functionalized adsorbents for heavy metal removal from water. The RAFT-synthesized copolymer had superior removal efficiencies compared to a conventional free-radical synthesized analogue, while maintaining adsorption performance over multiple cycles. The metals could be removed under batch and flow conditions. Competitive experiments demonstrated adsorption in the order: Cu(II) > Fe(III) > Ni(II) > Co(II) > Zn(II). The impact of pH and metal concentration was investigated. Overall, hydrolyzed VEMA copolymers are promising reusable adsorbents in water treatment applications.",
"42393418": "ID: 42393418\nTitle: Design and functionalization of anthraquinone-modified graphene oxide as a high-performance recyclable adsorbent for selective removal of toxic heavy metals from aqueous systems.\nAbstract: In this study, a novel anthraquinone-based ligand, 2-(4-aminostyryl)quinolin-8-ol (AQ), was synthesized and covalently functionalized onto graphene oxide (GO) and graphite (G) to yield GO-AQ and G-AQ nanocomposite adsorbents for efficient heavy metal removal. Structural elucidation using 1H-NMR spectroscopy confirmed the successful formation of the AQ ligand, evidenced by characteristic aromatic, amine, vinylic, and hydroxyl proton signals, which verify its high structural integrity and purity. FTIR analysis revealed distinct vibrational features corresponding to aromatic, C-N, and N-H functionalities, confirming a strong chemical interaction between AQ and GO through amide formation and epoxide ring-opening reactions, whereas interaction with graphite was predominantly physisorptive. XRD and FE-SEM analyses demonstrated structural modifications including partial restacking, increased disorder, and successful ligand incorporation on the GO surface, supported by EDX elemental mapping showing a uniform distribution of C, O, and N atoms. BET analysis confirmed mesoporous characteristics, with GO-AQ exhibiting a higher surface area and porosity compared to G-AQ. Adsorption studies for Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions demonstrated that GO-AQ exhibits superior uptake capacities of 140\u00a0mg/g and 130\u00a0mg/g, respectively. The process was accurately modeled by the Langmuir isotherm (R2\u2009>\u20090.99), indicating a monolayer chemisorption mechanism. The adsorption performance was highly dependent on operational parameters, including pH, contact time, and initial metal concentration, with optimal removal achieved at pH 7 within 40\u00a0min. Furthermore, GO-AQ displayed excellent selectivity for multivalent heavy metal ions over lighter cations and retained over 98% of its adsorption efficiency after three consecutive regeneration cycles, confirming its reusability and structural integrity. Overall, the AQ-functionalized graphene oxide adsorbent presented herein represents a robust, high-performance, and sustainable material for the selective removal of toxic heavy metals from aqueous environments.",
"42402645": "ID: 42402645\nTitle: Ligand selectivity and competitive adsorption of heavy metals using beta cyclodextrin-based metal organic framework and crosslinked polymers.\nAbstract: Considering the significant threats posed by heavy metals (HMs) to ecosystems and public health, the aim of the current study was the synthesis and characterization of \u03b2-cyclodextrin-based adsorbents, including citric acid crosslinked \u03b2CD (CA-\u03b2CD), adipic acid crosslinked \u03b2CD (AA-\u03b2CD), and \u03b2CD-based metal-organic framework (\u03b2CD-MOF), and evaluation of their efficacy in the removal of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+ ions. The synthesized polymers were analyzed by FTIR, XRD, SEM, BET, and zeta potential methods to assess their structural, morphological, and surface characteristics. In the multicomponent system (adsorbent dosage 1\u00a0g/L, initial metal concentration 100\u00a0mg/L, pH 6.0 at 25\u2103), \u03b2CD-MOF exhibited the highest removal efficiency, particularly for Cu2+ (~\u200980%), followed by Pb2+ (~\u200940%) and Cd2+ (~\u200920%), outperforming AA-\u03b2CD and CA-\u03b2CD. The preferential adsorption of copper is attributed to its smaller ionic radius and higher charge density, which enhance electrostatic interactions with polymer ligands. Single-component experiments using \u03b2CD-MOF (as optimal adsorbent, 3\u00a0g/L) revealed excellent removal efficiencies, Cd2+: 99.93%, Pb2+: 97.02%, Cu2+: 96.30%. Interestingly, while Cd2+ was most efficiently removed alone, despite its larger hydrated radius and higher pKa1, competitive adsorption favored Cu2+, indicating ligand selectivity shifts under mixed conditions. Equilibrium data were best fitted by the Langmuir model, with maximum single-state adsorption capacities of 142.85, 136.99, and 120.48\u00a0mg/g for Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+, respectively. The results of real water treatments demonstrated positive relationship between water hardness and Cd2+ removal efficiency using \u03b2CD-MOF adsorbents. These findings highlighted the role of \u03b2CD-MOF as a promising candidate for scalable water purification technologies.",
"42405661": "ID: 42405661\nTitle: Comparative analysis of phytoremediation capabilities of Salvinia molesta under single and combined heavy metal stress (Cr, Ni, Cd): growth, biochemical responses, and metal accumulation.\nAbstract: This research study uses Salvinia molesta to assess its ability to remediate contaminated environments which show single and combined heavy metal contamination from chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and cadmium (Cd). The study aimed to evaluate how different metal exposure conditions affected the plants' ability to absorb metals and their growth and biochemical changes. Plants were grown in hydroponic systems using Hoagland's nutrient solution, which included different chromium, nickel and cadmium concentrations that were tested both separately and through binary combinations of chromium\u2009+\u2009nickel, nickel\u2009+\u2009cadmium and chromium\u2009+\u2009cadmium for a period of 60\u2009days. Higher metal concentrations resulted in substantial growth and biomass reduction, which reached its highest level during testing of two metal substances together. The research found that plants accumulated proline while their antioxidant activity showed greater levels of DPPH, metal chelation, reducing power, CAT and SOD. The study found that chlorophyll, protein and carbohydrate levels decreased when metal concentrations increased. Plants absorbed metals in proportion to the metal concentration, with Cr and Ni being absorbed more than Cd. The combination of two metals brought about both positive and negative effects which impacted how plants took up minerals and showed their physiological functions. They were grown in a hydroponic basket and watered with Hoagland's nutrient solution infused with heavy metal salt test solutions. Metal analysis was quantified using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, while related biochemical parameters were analysed using standard spectrophotometric methods (chlorophyll content, proline accumulation, phenol, flavonoid levels, and antioxidant activity). Statistical analysis was conducted to provide further information on the significant variations between different treatments with respect to the effects of the interactions between metals and their impact on plant physiology. The biochemical study revealed a substantial increase in activity of the antioxidant enzymes under metal stress during defence against oxidative damage. Growth parameters were significantly affected by metal impacts, with a 79% reduction in the highest impacted parameter. This study provides systematic comparisons of phytoremediation efficiency of Salvinia molesta under single-metal and binary-metal stress conditions. The research examines how chromium, nickel and cadmium affect plant growth, biochemical responses, plant defence systems and metal accumulation systems, which differs from most earlier research that studied single metal impacts. The results indicate that binary-metal exposure influences physiological stress responses, antioxidant defence mechanisms, and metal accumulation patterns differently from single-metal exposure, highlighting the importance of evaluating phytoremediation performance under multi-metal contamination conditions. The research provides new information about how plants restore multiple metals from contaminated environments while showing that S. molesta can effectively restore heavy-metal-polluted aquatic systems.",
"42410136": "ID: 42410136\nTitle: Comprehensive scientometric analysis of worldwide river sediment pollution: detection methods and effective remediation strategies.\nAbstract: Industries, agriculture, deforestation, urbanization, and waste disposal are major sources of river pollution, causing contamination and eutrophication. Although river water quality has been widely studied, sediment pollution remains a persistent and often overlooked threat due to the buildup of toxic substances. This review examines 22\u00a0years of global research on river sediment pollution, screening 554 Scopus articles in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Of these, 179 papers focus on ten key parameters: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), freely dissolved PCBs, pesticide concentration, particulate organic matter, total organic carbon, total organic nitrogen, total organic phosphorus, total suspended solids, ecotoxicity tests, and heavy metal concentration. A scientometric analysis using VOSviewer is done to evaluate keyword co-occurrence, publication trends, leading countries, influential journals, and research areas. This is the first review to integrate these ten parameters within a unified scientometric and qualitative framework, providing a comprehensive overview of the research landscape. The review highlights dominant pollutants such as PCBs and heavy metals, systematically identifies research gaps, and notes that environmental engineering is the leading subject area. It also identifies the most productive researchers, the most frequently cited articles, and the major contributing countries, including significant contributions from developing nations. Study sites, assessment methods, and key findings are summarized, along with lists of the most harmful contaminants and publication trends. The review recommends mitigation strategies and serves as a valuable reference for future research, risk assessment, and sediment management.",
"42416671": "ID: 42416671\nTitle: Decision-making and risk-taking as predictors of health risk behaviors in the Millennium Cohort Study.\nAbstract: Facets of decision-making and risk-taking are implicated in adolescent health risk behaviors; however, whether they may lead to adolescent engagement in substance use, gambling, and self-harm is unknown. We used the Millennium Cohort Study to test whether a task-based measure of decision-making and risk-taking predicts engagement in adolescent health risk behaviors. Participants were born in the United Kingdom (2000-2002) and surveyed in-home at ages 14 (n\u00a0=\u00a010,531) and 17 (n\u00a0=\u00a08417). A computerized task-based measure of decision-making and risk-taking for reward (Cambridge Gambling Task) measured impulsivity, quality of decision-making, risk adjustment, and risk-taking (exposures) at age 14. Several health risk behaviors (outcomes) were self-reported at 14/17\u00a0years: cigarette use, electronic cigarette/vaping use, drinking, cannabis use, other illegal drug use (e.g., ecstasy), gambling, and self-harm. We conducted adjusted multinomial and logistic regression models. Computerized task-based measures of greater impulsivity and risk-taking were most consistently associated with self-reported health risk behaviors at 14 and 17\u00a0years. Better quality of decision-making and risk adjustment were inconsistently associated with health outcomes at age 14; however, better risk adjustment was related to a reduced likelihood of all levels of cigarette and e-cigarette/vaping use (e.g., occasionally/regularly) when compared to nonusers. At age 14, risk-taking was associated with every self-reported health risk behavior (e.g., substance use, gambling) except for self-harm. In prospective models, relationships were attenuated, but risk-taking predicted new onset engagement in all forms of substance use except alcohol consumption and self-harm. Risk-taking was most strongly associated with other drug use (age 14: odds ratio (OR)\u00a0=\u00a011.26, 95% CI: 1.48, 86.01) and predictive of former vaping use (age 17: OR\u00a0=\u00a04.10, 95% CI: 1.43, 11.76). Risky betting on a computerized risk-taking task appears highly indicative of substance use and recent gambling at age 14 and predictive of new onset substance use and gambling 3\u00a0years later (age 17) for both sexes, but not self-harm.",
"42421989": "ID: 42421989\nTitle: Impact of policies on pregnant individuals using drugs: A narrative synthesis review of treatment, health care access, and outcomes.\nAbstract: Amid the opioid epidemic and racial disparities in maternal and child health, there is increasing interest from clinicians, patients, and policymakers in understanding how state policies impact pregnant individuals using drugs, particularly regarding healthcare access and outcomes. This narrative synthesis examines the types of policies affecting this population and their consequences on maternal and child health. Following PRISMA guidelines, we reviewed 408 studies, selecting 28 relevant articles to assess the prevalence and effects of punitive laws targeting pregnant individuals using drugs. The review reveals an increase in punitive policies over time, such as considering substance use as child abuse, mandatory reporting with positive toxicology tests, and cannabis-related regulations, including restrictions on breastfeeding. However, the findings are mixed regarding neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and mandatory reporting. Some studies show a rise or decrease in NAS following punitive policy changes, while others suggest that such policy changes may lead to lower rates of provider reporting. The fear of being reported may discourage some pregnant individuals from seeking prenatal care due to increased stigma. Other studies report confusion about mandatory reporting procedures and providers' concerns about damaging patient trust. Policies sanctioning incarceration of pregnant individuals using substances also increase out-of-state births, potentially endangering both mothers and infants. This study highlights the harmful, unintended consequences of various policies and discusses interventions and future research directions."
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},
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